• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.241-245
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• 2006

국산 한약계 추출물을 첨가하여 제조한 전통 콩된장의 아질산염 소거작용, 수소공여능, 항균활성 및 혈전용해능 등을 검토하였다. 한약재 추출물을 첨가하여 제조한 된장은 대조구 된장에 비하여 대부분이 높은 아질산염 소거능을 나타내었다. 한약재 추출물 첨가 농도가 높을수록 아질산염 소거능은 증가되었으며, III군과 IV군의 된장이 다른 I군과 II군의 된장보다 약간 높은 아질산염 소거능을 나타내었다. 수소공여능은 한약재 추출물 첨가 된장이 대조구 된장보다 약간 높은 경향을 나타내었으나 각 된장군 사이에는 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 된장의 추출물을 사용하여 Str. mutans 및 Sal. enteritidis 등의 병원성 미생물에 대한 항균활성 및 fibrin배지 상에서의 혈전용해능은 대조구보다 모든 시험구에서 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 한약재 추출물을 첨가하여 제조한 III군과 군은 색깔이 대조구와 유사하고, 기호도, 생리활성 및 항균활성 등이 우수하여 기능성이 강화된 새로운 전통된장의 개발 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.340-344
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• 1999

To evaluate antimicrobial activity of Moutan cortex the compounds isolated from $CHCl_3$ and EtOAc fractions of Moutan cortex were subjected to eight pathogenic strains. Benzoic acid, witch was identified from the $CHCl_3$ fraction, had MICs with $625{\sim}1,250\;{\mu}g/ml$ against all of the strains tested. Methyl gallate, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, gallic acid and $1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-gallyol-{\beta}-D-glucose$, which were identified from the EtOAc fraction, showed the antimicrobial activity, and the methyl gallate had the widest antimicrobial activity with MICs of $625{\sim}5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ against all strains tested. p-Hydroxy benzoic acid showed MICs of $1,250{\sim}2,500\;{\mu}g/ml$ against all of the strains tested except C.albicans. Gallic acid had the best antimicrobial activities with MICs against the Shigella dysenteriae and Streptococcus mutans-strains of 78.1 and $312.5\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, but not against the C. albicans. And $1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-gallyol-{\beta}-D-glucose$ had the best antimicrobial activitie with MICs against the B. cereus, Staph. epidermidis and C. albicans strains of 39.1, 39.1 and $156.3\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, but not against the E. coli and Shig. Dysenteriae.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2006

Bee venom is synthesized in the venom gland's of worker and queen bees and stored in their venom sacs. Bee venom is a rich source of enzymes, peptides and biogenic amines. there are at least 18 active components in the venom which have some pharmaceutical properties. This study was performed to evaluate minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of bee venom against bacteria isolated from pjgs and chickens with disease. In case of reference strains, the MIC $({\mu}g/m{\ell})$ of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 6538 were 64, 64 and 32, respectively. In case of bacteria isolated from pig and chicken, the MIC of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus chromogenes were 8, 128 and 128, and that of 11 strains of Escherichia coli were 8 to >512 and that of 8 strains of Salmonella sup were >512. Antibacterial resistance test of 22 strains isolated from pig and chicken and 3 reference strains were performed by agar gel diffusion method, using 17 antibacterial drugs including penicillin, cefazolin, tetracycline and quinolone group. The multiple drug resistant patterns were found in most strains isolated from pig and chicken.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.502-510
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• 2017

This study investigated bacterial growth-inhibitory effect of 69 therapeutic herbal plants extracts on 9 bacterial strains using a disc diffusion assay. Especially, the antimicrobial activity of Psoraleae semen, which showed different activity on pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, was evaluated by MIC (minimal inhibition concentration) and biofilm formation assay. The effect of Psoraleae semen extract on bacterial cell membranes was examined by measurement of protein leakage (optical density at 280 nm) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). No clear zone was formed on discs containing Gram-negative bacteria, but Gram-positive bacteria exhibited clear zones. The MICs of Psoraleae semen extract were $8{\mu}g/mL$ for Streptococcus mutans, and $16{\mu}g/mL$ for Enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, biofilm formation was inhibited at concentration $8-16{\mu}g/mL$. Protein leakage values and SEM images revealed that cell membranes of Gram-positive bacteria were impaired following exposure to the extract. Further, the extract inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in sausages. These results indicate that Psoraleae semen extract could be utilized as a natural antimicrobial agent against Gram-positive bacteria.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.567-572
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• 2004

노화억제, 항균, cholesterol 저하작용 등 다양한 생리활성을 가지고, 기관지염, 천식 등 호흡기 질환에도 옛부터 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있으며 식품으로 애용되고 있는 적채를 metanol (BOM)로 먼저 추출하고 이를 hexane 분획물(BOMH), ethyl ether 분획물(BOMEE), ethyl acetate 분획물(BOMEA), butanol 분획물(BOMB) 및 물 분획물(BOMA) 등 다섯가지의 각 용매별로 분획하여 적채의 항균, 암세포 증식 억제 및 QR유도 효과를 연구하였다. 먼저 적채의 각 분획물을 Streptococcus mutans, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 및 Aspergil-lus oryzae의 5가지 균주에 첨가시료농도를 증가시키면서 첨가하였다. 즉, 각 분획 별 시료를 500, 1000, 1500 및 2000 $\mu{g}$/ml의 농도로 사용균주에 각각 처리하였을때 BOMEA에서 비교적 높은 항균 활성 효과를 나타내었고, 그 다음으로는 BOMEE이었다. 적채의 암세포 증식억제 효과(cytotoxicity)를 MTT assay 로 실험한 결과, 3종의 암세포주 HepG2, HeLa 및 MCF-7은 모두 BOMEE에서 높은 암세포 증식억제 효과를 보였으며, HepG2 세포주를 이용한 암예방 QR 유도 활성은 다른 분획층에 비해 비극성 용매층인 BOMH과 BOMEE에서 유의적으로 QR유도 활성을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과를 기초로 독특한 보라색을 띄며 식탁에서 널리 애용되고 있는 자주색 대표식품인 적채의 항균 및 암세포 성장저지 및 QR 유도 효과를 일으키는 생리활성 물질의 존재와 기전 규명에 유익한 자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.326-330
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• 2000

각종 식중독균에 대한 마린엑스의 항균활성을 측정하고, 두부에의 처리효과에 대하여 조사하였다. Paper disc법에 따른 항균활성은 100ml의 마린엑스 첨가시에도 시험균주 모두에서 강하게 나타내었으며, 마린엑스를 각 시험균주에 농도별로 첨가한 후 균의 증식을 조사한 결과 첨가농가 클수록 균의 증식을 더 크게 억제하였다. 마린엑스를 희석한 물에 두부를 첨지하여 상온에 저장하면서 pH, 색도, texture, 대장균수 및 생균수를 조사한 결과 두부 침지액의 pH는 저장 1일에 처음보다 낮아졌다가 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 조금씩 증가하였다. 색도는 L, a, b 및 ${\delta}E$값을 측정하였는데, 유의적인 변화는 없었다. Texture의 경우 hardness와 chewiness는 대조구에 비하여 실험구가 높게 나타났고, 대장균수 및 생균수의 경우는 저장기간이 지남에 따라 대조구에 비하여 실험구에서의 수가 현저히 감소하였으며, 마린엑스의 첨가농도가 높을수록 감소폭이 크게 나타났다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.256-263
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• 2017

Purpose: Essential oils are secondary metabolites of herbs and have antibacterial activities against foodborne pathogens. However, their applications for food protection are limited due to the hydrophobic and volatile natures of essential oils. Methods: In this study, essential oil nanoemulsions of rosemary and lavender were formulated with non-ionic surfactant Tween 80 and water using ultrasonic emulsification, and their antibacterial effects were determined. Results: The antibacterial activities of nanoemulsions were evaluated against 12 strains of 10 bacterial species, and significant antibacterial effects were observed against four Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria but not against Streptococcus mutans and Shigella sonnei. In the disc diffusion test, the diameter of the inhibition zone proportionally increased with the concentration of nanoemulsions. Using cell turbidity measurement, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the nanoemulsions, which is the lowest concentration reducing viability of the initial bacterial inoculum by ${\geq}99.9%$, was significantly higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the nanoemulsions. The largest bactericidal effects of lavender and rosemary essential oil nanoemulsions were observed against S. enterica and S. aureus, respectively. Conclusion: Nanoemulsion technique could improve antibacterial activity of essential oil nanoemulsions by increasing the solubility and stability of essential oils. Our findings shed light on the potential use of essential oil nanoemulsions as an alternative to chemical sanitizers in food protection.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the mineral composition of naturally- and artificially-produced caries-affected root dentin and to determine the elemental incorporation of resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) into the demineralized dentin. Materials and Methods: Box-formed cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual root surfaces of sound human premolars (n = 15). One cavity was exposed to a microbial caries model using a strain of Streptococcus mutans. The other cavity was subjected to a chemical model under pH cycling. Premolars and molars with root surface caries were used as a natural caries model (n = 15). Outer caries lesion was removed using a carbide bur and a hand excavator under a dyeing technique and restored with RMGI (FujiII LC, GC Corp.). The weight percentages of calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), and strontium (Sr) and the widths of demineralized dentin were determined by electron probe microanalysis and compared among the groups using ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results: There was a pattern of demineralization in all models, as visualized with scanning electron microscopy. Artificial models induced greater losses of Ca and P and larger widths of demineralized dentin than did a natural caries model (p < 0.05). Sr was diffused into the demineralized dentin layer from RMGI. Conclusions: Both microbial and chemical caries models produced similar patterns of mineral composition on the caries-affected dentin. However, the artificial lesions had a relatively larger extent of demineralization than did the natural lesions. RMGI was incorporated into the superficial layer of the caries-affected dentin.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.618-627
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• 2004

Purpose: To investigate the dental health status of kindergarten children according to their oral health behavior. Method: The subjects were 172 kindergarten children aged 5. A structured questionnaire was used for dental health behavior and oral health status were examined by dentist and bacteria in salivary. Result: 1. Mean score of oral health behavior of children was 4.69 points (SD1.65) with the highest score being 13. No significant differences were observed according to sex, except using tooth paste. A total 71.5% of subjects brushed their tooth twice a day, 9.9% of them once a day, 18.6% of them three times a day, 19.2% of children brushed their teeth after breakfast and lunch, 89.5% of then after dinner, 5.8% of them before going to bed, 18.6% of children brushed correctly, 79.7% of them used tooth paste with fluorine, 3.5% of them regularly examined oral cavity, 84.4% of them took cariogenic food without any restrain, 67.1% of them were observed with oral cavity by their mother. 2. Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in the saliva was $3.66({\times}106CFU/m{\ell})\;and\;1.05({\times}103CFU/m{\ell})$, respectively. No significant differences were observed according to sex, while lactobacilli were significantly lower in those children who had regular dental examinations. 3. The index of plaque was 1.56 and the boys were significantly higher than the girls. The mean dft was 4.99. No significant differences were observed according to sex, while the children whose oral cavity was observed regular were significantly lower than those who were not observed. Conclusion: As a whole the practice of oral health behavior of the kindergarten children was poor, and regular dental examinations and oral cavity observations affect their dental health status. These results suggest that intensive dental health education was needed not only for the pre-school children but also their parents and teachers.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2002

Zea Mays L. has been known to be effective for improving tissue health and Magnoliae cortex to have effective antibacterial and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes. The purpose of this study was to examine the antimicrobial effects of Zea Mays L. and Magnoliae cortex extract mixtures on periodontal pathogens(Prevotella intermedia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans )and to examine the effects on human gingival fibroblast cellular activity. Zea Mays L. and Magnoliae cortex extracts and their mixtures were prepared with various mixing ratios (0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1). These extracts were loaded to periodontal pathogen cultured petri dish for antimicrobial test and also loaded to cultured human gingival fibroblast for cellular activity test. Each test was repeated 3 times and data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with 95% confidence level. Mixture of these two extracts showed greater amount of inhibition area on periodontal pathogen and more improved gingival fibroblast activity as Zea Mays L. ratio reduced. So, mixture ratio 0.5:1 (Zea Mays L. : Magnoliae cortex) group showed statistical significance in antimicrobial activity and cellular activity among various mixtures(p < 0.05). In conclusion, 0.5:1 (Zea Mays L. : Magnoliae cortex) mixture possessed best gingival fibroblast cellular activity and antimicrobial activity toward periodontal pathogens.