• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.521-539
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• 2011

Jilin highway concrete bridge is located in the center of Jilin City, which is positioned in the middle part in Jilin Province in the east north of China. This bridge crosses the Songhua River and connects the north and the south of Jilin City. The main purpose of damages inspection of the bridge components is to ensure the safety of a bridge and to identify any maintenance, repair, or strengthening which that need to be carried out. The damages that occur in reinforced concrete bridges include different types of cracks, scalling and spalling of concrete, corrosion of steel reinforcement, deformation, excessive deflection, and stain. The main objectives of this study are to inspect the appearance of Jilin highway concrete bridge and describe all the damages in the bridge structural members, and to evaluate the structural performance of the bridge structure under dead and live loads. The tests adopted in this study are: (a) the depth of concrete carbonation test, (b) compressive strength of concrete test, (c) corrosion of steel test, (d) static load test, and (e) dynamic load test. According to the damages inspection of the bridge structure appearance, most components of the bridge are in good conditions with the exception arch waves, spandrel arch, deck pavement of new arch bridge, and corbel of simply supported bridge which suffer from serious damages. Load tests results show that the deflection, strain, and cracks development satisfy the requirements of the standards.

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2009

프롤로 치료는 최근에 이완된 인대를 강화시키는 기술로써 점점 더 많이 받아들여지고 있다. 프롤로 치료는 만성통증의 원인이 되는 약해지거나 이완된 인대에 자극성 용액을 주사하는 방법이다. 이 주사행위는 염증반응을 유도하고, 후차적으로 정상적인 회복과정을 밟게 만들고 있다. 하지에서 다양한 근골격계질환, 퇴행성관절염, 인대와 건 손상 등은 프롤로 치료로 치료될 수 있다. 프롤로 치료는 다양한 근골격계질환에서 대단히 우수하고 강력한 비수술적이고, 보존적 치료방법으로 고려될 수 있다. 프롤로치료는 반월상연골 파열, 슬개건 파열 및 병변, 햄스트링 파열 등 다양한 질환에서 효과적이고 우수한 치료효과를 보여주고 있다. 프롤로치료를 하면서 초음파 검사를 병행할 때는 질환의 정확한 병변을 찾고 확인하며 치료과정에 따라 임상적인 경과를 점검하는데 대단히 유용한 도구가 될 수 있다. 프롤로 치료를 시행하면서 초음파 검사를 병행할 때 추시한 결과를 함께 제시할 수 있다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.399-414
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• 2015

Nowadays, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are widely used for rehabilitation, repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Also, recent advances in concrete technology have led to the production of high strength concrete, HSC. Such concrete due to its very high compression strength is less ductile; so in seismic areas, ductility is an important factor in design of HSC members (especially FRP strengthened members) under flexure. In this study, the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and multiple regression analysis are used to predict the curvature ductility factor of FRP strengthened reinforced HSC (RHSC) beams. Also, the effects of concrete strength, steel reinforcement ratio and externally reinforcement (FRP) stiffness on the complete moment-curvature behavior and the curvature ductility factor of the FRP strengthened RHSC beams are evaluated using the analytical approach. Results indicate that the predictions of ANFIS and multiple regression models for the curvature ductility factor are accurate to within -0.22% and 1.87% error for practical applications respectively. Finally, the effects of height to wide ratio (h/b) of the cross section on the proposed models are investigated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.403-426
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• 2008

Externally bonding fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets with an epoxy resin is an effective technique for strengthening and repairing reinforced concrete (RC) beams under flexural loads. Their resistance to electro-chemical corrosion, high strength-to-weight ratio, larger creep strain, fatigue resistance, and nonmagnetic and nonmetallic properties make carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites a viable alternative to bonding of steel plates in repair and rehabilitation of RC structures. The objective of this investigation is to study the effectiveness of CFRP sheets on ductility and flexural strength of reinforced high strength concrete (HSC) beams. This objective is achieved by conducting the following tasks: (1) flexural four-point testing of reinforced HSC beams strengthened with different amounts of cross-ply of CFRP sheets with different amount of tensile reinforcement up to failure; (2) calculating the effect of different layouts of CFRP sheets on the flexural strength; (3) Evaluating the failure modes; (4) developing an analytical procedure based on compatibility of deformations and equilibrium of forces to calculate the flexural strength of reinforced HSC beams strengthened with CFRP composites; and (5) comparing the analytical calculations with experimental results.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to confirm the effect of physiotherapy on the balance and walking in dog with sciatic nerve injury and degenerative arthritis of stifle joints. Design: Single case study Methods: The dog walked abnormally for six months and was administrated in S animal hospital. The dog's right hindlimb was operated for cranial cruciate ligament repair and the dog had been taking a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic before being refered. There was severe degenerated osteoarthritis in the right hindlimb. During stance and walking, the right hindlimb was often shown partial weight bearing. The dog's left hindlimb was shown plantigrade stance and walking. The radiograph was shown an intact calcaneal tendon in the left hindlimb. In the neurologic examination, sciatic nerve injury in the left hindlimb was confirmed. The dog was treated using muscle strengthening, proprioceptive exercise, underwater treadmill and Laser therapy two, or three times a week for 3 months. At the 10th and 17th treatment, it was evaluated through stance and gait analyzer system to measure dog's balance and walking. Results: 3 months following physiotherapy, the dog's balance was improved in center of pressure(COP). And peak vertical force(PVF), vertical impulse(VI) was increased in right hindlimb and double stance was decreased. Conclusions: Physiotherapy may have improved the prognosis in this dog with severe osteoarthritis and sciatic nerve injury. This study suggested that animal physiotherapy is a valuable way to improve balance and walking.

• KNOM Review
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2020

최근 스마트 팩토리(Smart Factory)에 대한 연구는 단순히 공장 자동화(Factory Automation, FA)의 개념에서 데이터를 수집하고 분석하는 형태로 발전하고 있다. 이것은 통신 기술의 발전(5G)과 IoT 장치(device)들이 현장 상황에 맞춰 다양하게 개발되면서 가속화 되고 있다. 또한, 기업 경쟁력 강화로 디지털트랜스포메이션(Digital Transformation)이 활발히 이루어지고 있으며, 이를 각종 IoT 장비로 부터 수신한 데이터와 자동화된 설비를 결합시켜 공정 재조정을 통한 최적화 연구가 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 관련 연구 중 하나인 예측 시스템을 활용한 설비 장애 진단 및 조치 시스템 구조 및 요소를 제안한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권6호
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• pp.517-527
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• 2023

The severe deterioration of structures has led to extensive research on the development of structural repair techniques using composite materials. Consequently, previous researchers have devised various analytical methods to predict the interface performance of bonded repairs. However, these analytical solutions are highly complex mathematically and necessitate numerous calculations with a large number of iterations to obtain the output parameters. In this paper, an artificial neural network prediction models is used to calculate the interfacial stress distribution in RC beams strengthened with FRP sheet. The R2value for the training data is evaluated as 0.99, and for the testing data, it is 0.92. Closed-form solutions are derived for RC beams strengthened with composite sheets simply supported at both ends and verified through direct comparisons with existing results. A comparative study of peak interfacial shear and normal stresses with the literature gives the usefulness and effectiveness of ANN proposed. A parametrical study is carried out to show the effects of some design variables, e.g., thickness of adhesive layer and FRP sheet.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.443-454
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• 2023

Steel shear walls are used to strengthen steel and concrete structures. One such system is Partial Attached Steel Shear Walls (PASSW), which are only connected to frame beams. This system offers both structural and architectural advantages. This study first calibrated the numerical model of RC frames with and without PASSW using an experimental sample. The seismic performance of the RC frame was evaluated by 30 non-linear static analyses, which considered stiffness, ductility, lateral strength, and energy dissipation, to investigate the effect of PASSW width and column axial load. Based on numerical results and a curve fitting technique, a lateral stiffness equation was developed for frames equipped with PASSW. The effect of the shear wall location on the concrete frame was evaluated through eight analyses. Nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed to investigate the effect of the shear wall on maximum frame displacement using three earthquake records. The results revealed that if PASSW is designed with appropriate stiffness, it can increase the energy dissipation and ductility of the frame by 2 and 1.2 times, respectively. The stiffness and strength of the frame are greatly influenced by PASSW, while axial force has the most significant negative impact on energy dissipation. Furthermore, the location of PASSW does not affect the frame's behavior, and it is possible to have large openings in the frame bay.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2002

목적 : 관절경적Bankart 봉합술후조기운동과일반적인고정법의임상결과를전향적방법으로비교하고자하였다. 대상및방법 : 외상성재발성전방불안정성이있는62명의환자를대상으로봉합나사를이용하여관절경적 Bankart 봉합술을시행후, 2개의무작위그룹으로분류하였다. 그룹1(28명, 평균나이28세)은3주동안고정한뒤고식적인재활운동을시작하였고그룹2(34명, 평균나이29세)는단계적인관절운동및근력강화운동으로구성된적극적재활운동을수술다음날부터시작하였다. 환자선택의기준은재발성불안정성이있으며전형적인Bankart 병변을가진비운동선수를대상으로하였으며평균31개월동안추시관찰하였다. 결과는통증점수, 관절운동범위, 일상생활로의회복, 재발율, 각재활프로그램에대한환자의만족도그리고shoulder score (ASES, UCLA and Rowe)를분석하였다. 결과 : 두그룹간재발율의차이는없었으며, 어느그룹에서도재발성탈구는나타나지않았다. 각각의그룹에서2명의환자에서전방불안유발검사에서양성소견을나타냈다. 적극적재활치료를한환자는기능적관절운동이더빨랐으며활동의기능적인면에서도더빨리회복되었다. 적극적재활치료를한경우에는술후통증은감소하였고, 재활프로그램에만족하고있으나shoulder scores, 일상생활로의복귀, 통증점수그리고관절운동범위는최종추시시, 두그룹간차이는없었다.결론 : 조기재활은관절경적Bankart 봉합술후선택적환자군에서재발율은증가하지않았다. 두그룹간최종결과는동일하였지만적극적재활운동은기능적회복을촉진하고술후통증을감소시켜일상생활로의빠른복귀가가능하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2006

화재 피해 콘크리트 건축물의 기존 손상도 평가 방법은 명확한 손상 깊이를 정량적으로 추정하기가 어렵고, 특히 코아 압축강도 테스트는 콘크리트 깊이별로 수열온도 따라 손상도의 변화를 반영하지 못하고 손상 공시체의 압축강도를 구조체 압축강도 저하의 대표 값으로 사용하게 되어 손상 깊이의 판단이 어려운 불합리한 점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 화재 피해를 입은 철근콘크리트 슬래브나 벽체 부재의 손상 깊이를 정량적으로 평가하기 위해서, 공시체를 대상으로 전기로에서 일면 가열한 후, 2cm 두께로 절편화시켜 색조분석, 흡수율 및 할렬인장강도실험에 의한 압축강도를 분석함으로써 공시체 깊이별 손상 깊이를 정량적으로 평가하는 실험기법을 제안하고 고온에 노출된 콘크리트의 특성변화를 고찰함으로써 그 적용성을 검증하였다. 실험결과, 본 연구에서 제안한 손상도 평가기법은 가열조건 및 강도별로 공시체 깊이에 따른 잔존강도의 정량적 평가가 가능하였으며, 이 결과를 이용하여 화재를 경험한 슬래브나 벽체의 보수보강 범위를 선정하는 판단 기준으로 활용할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.