• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.138-149
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate Suwon stream naturalness Index(S.N.I). and tofind out stats, problems and opportunities of the Suwon stream by assessment standard. Assessment standard is mainly based on physical structure of stream environment. the purpose evaluating sectors and elements are physical form and structure restoration of stream. To find out assessment standard of stream naturalness index, conceptual frame of assessment standard has been established, for which four sections, for example, longitudinal section, lateral section, stream bottom structure and water environment, have been selected. Overall stream naturalness index of the Suwon stream has been distributed at 3rd to 4th grade, and 3.3 of assessment index and mode were 3rd grade respectively. stream naturalness index of each section was as follows: Longitudinal section accounted for 3.7in average to be 4th grade, lateral section did 3.8 to be 4th grade, and water environment did 2.4 to be 2nd grade. Analysis of assessment outcome of stream naturalness index has checked status, problems and opportunities of corresponding stream. Assessment of stream naturalness index of the study provides useful information for restoration of close-to-nature stream, and furthermore has its meaning in checking problems and opportunities of Suwon stream.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2003

The purpose of this is to evaluate Hakui Stream Naturalness Index(S.N.I). and to find out stats, problems and opportunities of the Hakui stream by assessment standard. Assessment standard is mainly based on physical structure of stream environment. The purpose evaluating sectors and elements are physical form and structure restoration of stream. To find out assessment standard of stream naturalness index, conceptual frame of assessment standard has been established, for which four sections, for example, longitudinal section, lateral section, stream bottom structure and water environment, have been selected. Overall stream naturalness index of the Hakui stream has been distributed at 3rd to 4th grade, and its assessment index accounted for 3.2 to be 3rd grade, and its mode also did 3rd grade. Stream naturalness index of each section was as follows: Longitudinal section index accounted for 3.6 in average to be 4th grade, and later section index did 3.0 to be 3rd grade, and stream bottom structure index did 3.0 to be 3rd grade, and water environment index did 2.7 to be 3rd grade. Analysis of assessment outcome of stream naturalness index has checked status, Problems and opportunities of corresponding stream. Assessment of stream naturalness index of the study provides useful information for restoration of close-to-nature stream, and furthermore has its meaning in checking problems and opportunities of Hakui stream.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1239-1243
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• 2005

The water quality of the Ian Stream, a tributary of the Na14dong River, was estimated to provide an information in establishment of an ecological restoration plan for fan dam which will be constructed in near future. Seven stations were selected in upstream (3 stations) and downstream (4 stations) of Ian Stream, centering the construction site of Ian dam. Samples were collected at the surface water of 7 stations selected on May 1, June 16, and September 1 in 2004. The values of DO, pH, and BOD are satisfied Grade I for river water standard in nearly all sites. The concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total Phosphorus (TP) showed low level with ranges of $1.10\~2.25\;mgN/L,\;5\~14\;{\mu}gP/L$. However, the total and fecal conform bacteria were detected in nearly stations, especially high at the upstream stations. The number of fecal conform bacteria corresponds to the Grade III for river water standard. In addition, some metals (iron, manganese) were detected during dry season. As a consequence, general water quality of Ian Stream satisfied Grade I for river standard and it is expected that pollution loads from watershed is not significant. However, the detection of fecal conform, which is thought to be from livestock and residents, and some metals originating mimes watershed can have a potential health risk exists for aquatic organisms lived in Ian Stream. It needs to be solved by the construction of wastewater treatment plant to diminish the health risk from stream water polluted by fecal conform and metals, and to provide the safe ecological habitat for aquatic organisms.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.364-372
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• 2020

The "Master Plan for the Revitalization of Water in the Nakdong River" is designed for the fundamental improvement of water quality in the Nakdong River. The water quality and flow of the Nakdong River system tributaries was monitored in this study. Among the living environmental standard parameters of 195 rivers, BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand), T-P (Total phosphorus) and TOC (Total organic carbon) were assessed to analyze the water quality from 2012 to 2019. We examined the role of TOC. It was found that 12 rivers exceeded the water quality of the second grade (3.0 mg/L BOD standard, 0.1 mg/L T-P standard, 4.0 mg/L TOC standard) based on BOD and T-P concentrations: the Gumi stream, Gisegok stream, Yongha stream, Yongho stream, Changnyeong stream, Gajwa stream, Gwangok stream, Yeongsan stream, Toerae stream, Hwapo stream, Sangnam stream and Hogye stream. These rivers require strategies to improve the quality of the Nakdong River. Based on the ongoing project, it is possible to supplement the "Master Plan for the Revitalization of Water in the Nakdong River" and manage it after verifying it as a component of people's life and therefore used to establish water quality control measures.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2002

This study analyzes the river system and water quality conditions of Bukchun in order to establish a basic plan for Preparing a natural learning and experimental area of environmental ecosystem in Bukchun, Gyeongju. It also tries to establish an integrated plan for water management of Bukchun stream based on water contaminants. In addition, after analysing the water quality at 13 points during the non-rainy season, the effluent of municipal wastewater was of relatively better quality with I ~ II grade, below the water quality standard of the river, except in points near Samsung apartments. However, analysing the Hyeongsangang and the effluent of Bomunho and Duckdongdam in rainy season, the water quality was II ~ III grade according to environmental standard. The water Quality of those samples was strongly dependent of non-point source.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

Urban sewage and stream water in Wonju city were examined and the results were as follows: The average water quality of Wonju stream was flow 52.8m$^3$/min, BOD 21.14ppm, COD 7.06 ppm, SS 212.4ppm, Cl$^-$ 23.14ppm, O-Phosphate 1.08ppm, NH$_3$-N 1.08ppm, NO$_2$-N 2.63ppm and pH 7.48 respectively. The average water quality of urban sewage was flow 2.76m$^3$/min, BOD 112.7ppm, COD 33.6ppm, SS 374.4ppm, Cl$^-$ 46.2ppm, O-Phosphate 1.56ppm, NH$_3$-N 5.96ppm and NO$_2$-N 3.28 ppm respectively. The quality of stream water showed was 4th grade area according to environmental water quality standard. The survey showed k$_1$ 0.11day$^{-1}$, k$_2$ 0.29day$^{-1}$ and the self- purification coefficient 2.5 in average.. In calculating oxygen variation in water by Streeter-Phelp's equation the zero station exhibited in down stream.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2003

강원도 강릉시에 위치하지만 성격이 서로 상이한 남대천과 연곡천 하구와 연안역에서 발생하고 있는 오염현상의 원인을 규명하기 위하여 하천의 수질과 동해 연안으로 방류되는 오염물질의 량을 2002년 4월부터 11월까지 월 1회씩 7회에 걸쳐 조사하였다 남대천은 하천수질 기준 II-V 등급으로 변화가 큰 반면, 연곡천은 거의 I, II 등급 수질을 유지하고 있다. 상ㆍ하류간 변화는 물론 시기별 변화폭도 연곡천보다 남대천이 크다. 동해연안으로 배출되는 오염물질의 량도 유량이 평균 1.4배 정도 많고 오염물질의 농도도 더 높은 남대천이 연곡천보다 BOD는 15.5배, COD는 2.6배, 총질소는 1.7배, 총인은 6.9배 더 많이 배출시키고 있어 연안생태계에 미치는 영향도 클 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.685-692
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• 2002

하천의 자연적 특성과 인간의 이용정도에 따라 하천들간의 서열이나 등급을 정하면, 하천의 여러 가지 특성들을 파악하기 쉽고 하천관리에 객관성을 부여할 수 있게 되어 매우 유용하다. 본 연구에서는 현재 확보 가능한 각종 통계 자료와 전문가 조사를 이용하여 하천의 자연적 특성, 하천의 이용정도, 그리고 하천이 관류하는 지역의 사회적 여건을 고려한 "하천별 중요로“ 라는 계량화된 평가지표를 제시하였다. 하천별 중요도는 계층분석법을 이용하여 하천에 영향을 미치는 여러 가지 인자들을 단계적 절차를 거쳐 선정하고, 전문가 조사를 통해 항목별 가중치를 결정한 후 표준화된 인자값에 각 인자별 가중치를 곱한 후 합산하여 산정하였다. 하천별 중요도는 하천들간의 상대적 중요도 파악, 하천의 향후 관리방향 판단, 현재의 하천등급 조정을 통한 하천관리의 효율성 제고, 중요도를 고려한 하천관리방식의 결정 등에 이용될 수 있다.수 있다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.398-403
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• 2005

This study is undertaken to find the optimal method to make the decision on the degree of water pollution by comparison of K-WQI, KOE-WQI that is made for index with the water quality index and water quality environment standard of the Frame Act on Environment Policy as the result of survey for water quality reality on the major point of the Yeongsan river from 2002 to 2004. The water quality of major rivers has some differences depending on seasons. however, under the water quality standard by the $BOD_5$ density, most of rivers displayed the water quality level of $II{\sim}III$ grading, and on K-WQI that is classified by indexing for 10 categories of pH, DO, $BOD_5,\;COD,\;SS,\;T-N,\;NH_3-N,\;NO_{3^-}$ N, T-P, and E-Coli and classified into 5 groups from 100 points to 40 points, they displayed the score distribution of the first grade in water quality for $85{\sim}100$ points to the second grade in water quality for $70{\sim}84$ points. On KOE-WQI that is classified by indexing for 5 categories of pH, DO, $BOD_5$, COD and T-coli and classified into 5 groups from 90 points or above for outstanding and 29 points or below for very bad, and the water quality distribution is made ranged from the first grade in water quality for 90 points or more to the third grade in water quality for $69{\sim}50$ points. In addition, for the contribution of the water quality decline, the Environmental standard has significant dependency on the $BOD_5$ density, with K-WQI contributing in various water quality decline depending on the environment around the river area of $BOD_5,\;T-N,\;NH_3-N,\;NO_3-N,\;T-P$, and E-Coli, and KOE-WQI acting os the factor contributing to lower the water quality decline by $BOD_5$, COD, and T-coli. As such, the current water quality environment standard has high dependency on $BOD_5$ and KOE-WQI excludes some nitrogen and phosphorus that considers the river environment that the grade in water quality is set by some category, and K-WQI reflected well of the ecology environment of rivers with the diversity of the assessment factor as well as to have the low dependency of specific factor to be objective.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.268-281
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• 1993

The aquatic quality of the Naktong river after two or three months in June, 1991 with phenol spillage from a electrical factory in Kumi was investigated. The samples were collected at six sites of the Naktong river basin and Kachang and Kongsan lakes. Phenol was not detected from all water samples. Turbidity was very much increased to the down stream in the Naktong river. The BOD and COD values exceeded the 2nd grade(3mg/l) of the Korean standard quality of Environmenal Water Act at the all sampling sites of the Naktong river. Especially, the value of COD at Kaejin (12.5mg/l) was poorly classified as to the 5th grade of water class for the environmental quality standards. Organophosphorous pesticides such as parathion, malathion, fenitrothion and diazinon were investigated but not detected. Diazinon was only detected at the Ilsan bridge(1.42ppb), Okkye stream(6.95ppb), Waekwan bridge(0.32ppb), Gangjung reservior(0.13ppb), Kaejin (0.05ppb). Of the carbamates such as carbanyl, isoprocarb and cabofuran, the carbofuran was detected all sites except tap water, and Kachang and Kongsan lakes. The content of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Hg were not exceeding for drinking water standards at the all sampling region, but only mecury was detected from Okkye stream(0.018ppb) and Kaejin (0.09ppb). In the regions of Kachang and Kongsan lakes, the content of heavy meatals were lower than that of reservior of Naktong river.