• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.885-895
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to find out the most pursuasive social stratification variables affecting the attitude toward foreign luxury goods and the purchase frequency and examined the difference in the attitude toward foreign luxury goods and the purchase frequency among groups divided by age and social stratification variables. The subjects were 521 married women over 25 years old living in Seoul and Kyong-gi province areas. The data were analyzed by multiple regression, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, frequency and percentage. Social stratification was measured by family's monthly income, educational and occupational levels of married women's and their husbands' for an objective method while economic levels, social status, consumption levels, and cultural levels were used fer a subjective method. The results were as follows; first, the most explainable variables influencing the attitude toward foreign luxury goods and the purchase frequency were age and women's educational levels examined by the objective method of social stratification. Second, according to the subjective method of social stratification, the attitude toward foreign luxury goods and the purchase frequency were affected by age, economic levels, consumption levels, and cultural levels. Consumption levels which showed actual expense per family were the most explainable variable in the purchase frequency.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1206-1215
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• 2005

The thermal stratification phenomena, frequently occurring in the component of nuclear power plant system such as pressurizer surge line, steam generator inlet nozzle, safety injection system (SIS), and chemical and volume control system (CVCS), can cause through-wall cracks, thermal fatigue, unexpected piping displacement and dislocation, and pipe support damage. The phenomenon is one of the unaccounted load in the design stage. However, the load have been found to be serious as nuclear power plant operation experience accumulates. In particular, the thermal stratification by the turbulent penetration or valve leak in the SIS and SCS pipe line can lead these safety systems to failure by the thermal fatigue. Therefore in this study an 1/10 scaledowned experimental rig had been designed and installed. And a series of experimental works had been executed to measure the temperature distribution (thermal stratification) in these systems by the turbulent penetration, valve leak, and heat transfer through valve. The results provide very valuable informations such as turbulent penetration depth, the possibility of thermal stratification by the heat transfer through valve, etc. Also the results are expected to be useful to understand the thermal stratification in these systems, establish the thermal strati­fication criteria and validate the calculation results by CFD Codes such as Fluent, Phenix, CFX.

• 태양에너지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1999

The study on ice thermal storage system is to improve total system performance and increase the economical efficiency in actual all-conditioning facilities. To obtain the high charging and discharging efficiencies in ice thermal storage system, the improvement of thermal stratification is essential, therefore the process flow must be piston flow in the cylindrical type. With the relation of the aspect ratio(H/D) in the storage tank, the stratification is formed better as inlet flow rate is smaller. If the inlet and the outlet port are settled at the upside and downside of the storage tank, higher storage rate could be obtainable. In case that the flow directions inside the thermal storage tank are the upward flow in charging and the downward in discharging, thermal stratification is improved because the thermocline thickness is maitained thin and the degree of stratification increases respectively. In the charging process, in case of inlet flow rate the thermal stratification has a tendency to be improved with the lower flow rate and smaller temperature gradient in case of inlet temperature, the large temperature difference between inflowing water and storage water are influenced from the thermal conduction. The effect of the reference temperature difference is seen differently in comparison with the former study for chilled and hot water. In the discharging process, the thermal stratification is improved by the effect of the thermal stratification of the charging process.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 온도 성층화와 농도 성층화의 효과가 HCCI 연소에서 압력상승률 저감과 배기가스에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보는 것이다. 2단계 열발생이 생기는 디메틸에테르(Di-Methyl Ether, DME) 연료를 사용하였다. 수치계산은 멀티 존 모델과 상세 화학 반응 스킴을 이용하였다. 수치계산 결과, 온도 성층화와 농도 성층화는 연소기간을 길게 하여 압력상승률을 저감시키는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 농도 성층화의 폭이 너무 커지면 오히려 일산화탄소와 질소산화물이 증가하였으며, 연소 효율은 감소하였다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.284-289
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• 2022

This study was conducted to determine the seed dormancy types of Sambucus racemosa subsp. pendula Nakai and S. williamsii Hance. Low temperature stratification (1, 2, 3, 4 months) and GA3 treatment (1,000 mg/L) were performed on seeds to determine the type of seed dormancy. After the treatment, seeds were placed on a petri dish at 25℃ under light conditions. The germination rate and mean germination time were investigated. Results showed that cold stratification was effective in breaking the dormant state of the seed in both species. In the low temperature stratification treatment, the seed germination performance was improved as the treatment period was prolonged. Gibberellin treatment was effective in breaking the dormant state of S. racemosa subsp. pendula without low temperature stratification. However, S. williamsii did not break the dormant state of the seed by gibberellin treatment without low temperature stratification treatment. In the gibberellin treatment, germination performance was improved according to the low temperature stratification treatment period. As a result of this study, the seeds of S. williamsii have both an intermediate complex and a deep complex morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). In comparison, it was found that the S. racemosa subsp. pendula had intermediate composite MPD.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.68-78
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• 2024

The stratification phenomena of still hydrogen (20%) and methane (80%) gas mixture in a vertical urban gas pipe have been investigated by simulating the flows based on a mixture model. The stratification is accompanied with the natural convection by the buoyancy force. The hydrogen volume fraction in the upper sections of the pipe increases with time but the increasing rate gets smaller due to the weaker buoyancy force. The pipe with a smaller diameter exhibits a higher peak of hydrogen concentration. The size of vortices is proportional to the pipe diameter. The slip velocity between hydrogen and methane oscillates with a large amplitude at the earlier stage of stratification and then the amplitude decreases sharply. The slip velocity decreases with the diameter, making the stratification become slower. The length of pipe does not affect the stratification since the pipe is sufficiently long relative to the size of vortices.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.308-318
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• 2013

열저장소 내 열성층화는 에너지저장 시스템의 효율을 향상시키고 수요 발생시 더 많은 유효에너지를 공급하기 위해 필수적인 기술이다. 일반적으로 저장소의 종횡비(폭에 대한 높이의 비)와 크기에 따라 열성층도가 달라지는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 논문은 열수 저장을 위한 암반공동의 종횡비와 저장용량이 저장공동 내 열성층화와 외부로의 열손실에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 데 연구 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 전산유체역학 코드인 FLUENT를 이용하여 암반공동의 종횡비와 저장용량에 따른 열전달 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 성층도 정량화 지수를 이용하여 시간경과에 따른 열성층화의 변화를 분석하였으며, 저장공동 외부로의 열손실을 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 종횡비가 증가함에 따라 공동 내 열성층화가 향상되는 경향을 보였으나, 종횡비 3-4 이상부터는 이러한 영향이 크지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 저장용량이 작은 암반공동에 비해 용량이 큰 암반공동에서 상대적으로 긴 시간 동안 열성층화가 높게 유지되는 것으로 분석되었으나, 종횡비 증가에 따라 저장용량이 다른 공동들간의 성층화 차이가 줄어드는 경향을 나타냈다. 암반공동의 종횡비가 커질수록 공동의 표면적이 늘어나 종횡비의 증가에 따라 주변 암반으로의 열손실이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 단위 저장용량을 줄여 소규모 다중공동을 적용하는 경우, 총 저장용량이 동일한 단일공동에 비해 전체 열손실량이 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 전산유체역학 코드인 FLUENT를 이용하여 열에너지 지하 저장을 위한 최초의 대규모 암반공동인 스웨덴 Lyckebo 저장소의 열성층화 거동을 분석하였다. 열에너지의 반복적인 저장 및 생산으로 인한 주변 암반의 히팅이 열성층화와 열손실에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 암반의 온도조건을 달리하여 열전달 해석을 수행하였으며, 성층화 지수를 토대로 열에너지 저장 후 시간경과에 따른 열성층화의 변화를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 주변 암반이 히팅되지 않은 저장공동의 초기 운영단계에서는 시간경과에 따라 저장된 열에너지의 성층화가 빠르게 저하되는것으로 나타났으며, 저장공동의 운영기간이 늘어남에 따라 주변 암반의 히팅으로 인해 열성층화의 변화 및 열손실이 줄어드는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.561-573
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• 2017

낙동강에서 다기능보의 건설과 하도의 준설로 인해 수심은 더욱 깊어졌으며 유속이 느려져 지체시간 또한 증가하였다. 이로 인해 수심이 깊은 일부구간에는 성층현상이 발생하였으며, 또한 녹조현상을 가중시키는 원인이 되었다. 본 연구에서는 저수지와 하구언에서 성층현상 재현성이 입증된 3차원 수리 수질 해석모형인 EFDC 모형을 낙동강에 적용하여 성층현상의 재현성을 평가하고자 하였다. 낙동강 수온 및 DO 성층화 현상을 재현하기 위해 낙동강 중 하류부에 EFDC 모형을 구축하고 성층화에 민감한 주요 매개변수에 대한 민감도 분석을 수행하였으며, 민감도 분석을 통해 최적의 매개변수를 선택하여 성층화를 재현하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다양한 성층교란 시나리오 분석의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한간호
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• 제12권3호통권65호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1973

The study is designed to survey and analyze the distribution of the social stratification back ground of nusing college students and to analyze the relation between the social stratification background of nursing college students and educational achieveme