• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.611-616
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• 2003

Through the whole period of the twentieth century, Chinese Traditional Medicine has been affected by the political and cultural changes of Chinese society. Before the 1949 Communist Revolution, Chinese Traditional Medicine was regarded as a dark past which should be cleared off. But Chinese Traditional Medicine has been reevaluated as a national medicine and spreaded quickly since the 1949 Communist Revolution. Moreover, 'the bare foot doctor' who received short term training appeared during the Cultural Revolution. It enhanced the status of Chinese Traditional Medicine. At the same time, it was estimated as a model of the self-reliant development of Third World countries. But the direction of development of Chinese Traditional Medicine was changed again recently. Chinese government has adapted the open-economy policy since the late 1970s. Accordingly Chinese Traditional Medicine also has been changed. Nowadays it pursues the professional development strategy. This paper inquired the following research questions. First, what kind of historical changes in the development strategy of Chinese Traditional Medicine has happened? Second, how much Chinese Traditional Medicine has accomplished the professionalization? Third, what kind of problems Chinese Traditional Medicine has met in the process of professionalization? Finally, why Chinese Traditional Medicine has adapted the professional development strategy?

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.6_1
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• pp.485-497
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• 2007

By the rapid development of Information Communication Technology (ICT) and Geo-spatial Technology (GT) and the increased usage of spatial data for planning and infrastructure management, the National Geographic Information System (NGIS) for more efficient and effective utilization of spatial information has been developed by the central government in Korea since 1995. NGIS is the base of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). SDI is developed as one of National Information Infrastructures (NII). Among the hierarchy of SDI, National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) has very important role in the success of SDI development. Many research articles show that the USA's NSDI initiatives, development strategy have been strongly influenced all over the world. In these viewpoints, to propose the future directions of Korean NGIS, the development of NSDI strategy of USA is reviewed by literature through published book and internet resources. The conclusions of this study are as follow: 1) top-down and bottom-up approach are needed for integrated data sharing and standardization. 2) the creative and evolutionary vision and strategy has to be suggested. 3) the training program and lecture material has to be developed and diffused to the users and providers of spatial data. 4) governance system has to be built for NSDI evaluation. 5) the formation of geo-spatial forum to discuss the spatial-related problems and make research agenda, etc.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.243-255
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine effects of a multifactorial program for preventing the frailty of older adults and effects of a follow-up program applying a capacity building strategy. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used for the nonequivalent control group. The follow-up group (n=75) and non-follow-up group (n=68) received the same multifactorial program comprising muscle strength exercise, cognitive training, and psychosocial programs for 12 weeks. After completion of multifactorial program, the follow-up group took follow-up programs applying the capacity building strategy for following 12 weeks. The data of physical function, cognitive function, and psychological function, and self-rated health were collected from both groups three times: before intervention, after intervention, and 12 weeks after intervention. The data were analyzed using $x^2$ test and t-test. Results: In comparison with the non-follow-up group, the scores of Timed Up & Go Test, and physical activities energy expenditure were significantly improved in the follow-up group. Conclusion: These results indicate that a multifactorial program with follow-up adapting the strategies of capacity building for the older adults group is feasible to prevent the physical frailty in community.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.217-228
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• 2022

The study aimed to build an electronic strategy in innovative learning situations for the role of education in combating intellectual currents. A total of 525 Saudi university faculty members and general education teachers were surveyed using two electronic questionnaires. Arithmetic averages and standard deviations, One-way ANOVA, Scheffé's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha stability coefficient were used as statistical methods. The study statistically identifies the differences between the study sample at the level of significance (0.05). and the design of a digital application for individual learning to combat deviant intellectual currents to activate them in light of Saudi Vision 2030 by combining the theoretical academic material and turning it into a learning e-game called (crosswords). The game is equipped with hyper media that supports education with entertainment to direct ideas towards the promotion of identity, the development of values towards moderation and the consolidation of intellectual security. Additionally, the learning e-game represents awareness messages in three short films to activate the role of curricula and intellectual awareness centers to apply realistically, innovatively, and effectively.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.47-68
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze majors trends and issues of e-Learning curriculum for human resource development in the corporate context. The e-Learning curriculum was chosen as the subject of research consists of 2,710 lectures that were given from 2007 to July 2009 for the recent three years by providing at Ministry of Labor and Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education & Training. In order to investigate trends and issues, it was employed theme analysis which is one of the types of document analysis that approach a qualitative research methodology. As a result of this research, 7 major trends and issues in e-Learning curriculum for HRD in the field of corporate education were drawn; ① Strengthening expertise through learning of job related professional knowledge, ② Cultivation of common & essential knowledge for a job to increase work performance efficiency ③ Organizational management strategy for improving performance, ④ Organizational management and operational strategy for actively responding to environmental changes, ⑤ Leadership as a strategy for cultivating core personnel and field-centered practical leadership. ⑥ Creating a happy workplace through the work-life balance, ⑦ Strengthening global communication skill. Based on these analysis, practicals and theoretical implications of e-Learning professionals and HR researchers for HRD were suggested.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.23-39
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• 2015

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of teacher training program for specialized school teacher in invention patent field and to explore the program improvement ideas. The study was carried out through on survey method and using program evaluating model developed for this study. The study subjects are 39 specialized high school teacher participated in training program about invention patent field at CNU-IECT(Invention education center for teacher). The data collection was done on August 2, 2014. The 37 questionnaies were analyzed. The educational needs of the training program were calculated by using the Borich(1980)'s needs assessment formula. The evaluating model was developed by the team. Major findings of this study were as follows; First, the training needs of specialized high-school teachers was high. Second, the satisfaction of the training program was high. Third, the overall effectiveness of training programs was high. Fourth, the improvement ideas were divided into four area - 1)The status quo area, 2) the alternatives exploration area, 3) the strategy modifications area, 4) the expected expansion area.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2003

This study investigated how cognitive style and training context influenced visual discrimination skill acquisition and transfer under time pressure. This experiment consisted of a screening session, a training session, and a transfer session using random polygon comparison tasks. Screening session was designed to separate participants according to their cognitive style (analytic or holistic). Training session was divided into difficult and easy conditions. In transfer session, participants compared polygon pairs in a novel task. The stimuli were presented for 1.5 seconds to examine the influence of time pressure. Through the all sessions, this experiment measured accuracy and response time. According to the results of this study, analytic group responded as quickly as holistic group in the beginning of training session because time pressure induced them to the holistic strategy. However, as training session progressed, their slopes of reaction time increased, suggesting that their own analytic style emerged. Holistic group showed flatter slopes than did analytic group for training session. Of interest is the slopes increased at the beginning of transfer session, suggesting that they developed analytic strategies in difficult training context. It is suggested individuals differently develop strategic processing skills depending on cognitive styles even under time pressure.

• Stress
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.268-276
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the Motivational Interviewing (MI) based communication training for third-year nursing students. Methods: This study use a quasi-experimental design with pre and post-test to evaluate a 4-hour MI based communication training. This training was offered to 35 third-year nursing students who were participating in elective psychiatric nursing clerkship course. Each student completed pre and post questionnaire which includes assessment of motivational interviewing skills as measured by Helpful Response Questionnaire (HRQ). Also confidence (5 items) in using MI based communication knowledge and core skills were included. Data were independently analyzed by two coders and blindly rated the pre and post HRQ self-reported responses. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, descriptive analysis. Results: Nursing students showed increasing use of reflection (4.10~5.67, p<.001), decreasing use of closed-ended question (2.00~0.73, p<.001), road blocks (2.94~0.64, p<.001), and improve in depth of reflection (12.79~20.86 p<.001). But they did not show significant changes in open-ended question (2.01~2.33, p=.257). Confidence in the interview has increased overall, except for reflecting. The overall satisfaction with the training was quite high, and the most helpful training method was group and individual feedback. Conclusions: This study provides evidences that 4 hour-training is effective in core skills such as reflection and depth of reflection, and also confidence in interviews. It is necessary to develop step-by-step training modules to enhance undergraduate communication skills. It is necessary to develop an effective training strategy focused on students' confidence in open-ended questions and reflection.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.865-867
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• 2008

A conventional environment adaptation for robust speech recognition is usually conducted using transform-based techniques. Here, we present a discriminative adaptation strategy based on a multi-condition-trained model, and propose a new method to provide universal application to a new environment using the environment's specific conditions. Experimental results show that a speech recognition system adapted using the proposed method works successfully for other conditions as well as for those of the new environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.369-372
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• 2000

원자력발전소의 과도상태와 불시정지에 대한 운전원의 진단 및 대응능력을 향상시키기 위하여 활용되고 있는 훈련용 시뮬레이터는 운영중인 발전소를 모델링하여 이를 응용 소프트웨어로 개발한 후 컴퓨터와 하드웨어 장비에 통합시킨 방식으로 개발되어 왔다. 이러한 개발방법은 훈련용 시뮬레이터 개발에 상당한 비용과 시간을 요구한다. 특히 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어 개발에 대한 상당한 투자가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 원자력발전소 설계 시에 시스템 해석을 위하여 사용되는 열수력 및 안전해석 코드를 이용하여 훈련용 시뮬레이터를 단기간에 저비용으로 개발하는 전략을 제시한다.