• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.181-194
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• 2020

Due to the changes in the distribution market, issues related to storage and distribution of agricultural, aquatic and livestock products, and storage and transportation of processed and fresh food are rapidly emerging, and as a result, Cold Chain is naturally receiving attention as one of the logistics services. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the competitiveness of location in the construction of a cold chain cluster centered on the metropolitan area, which has attracted attention in relation to the distribution of cold chains, such as recently refrigerated frozen foods. To this end, this study evaluated the competitiveness of cold chain cluster candidates in the metropolitan area by utilizing the CFPR (Consistent Fuzzy Preference Relations) method that can efficiently extract and quantify expert knowledge. As a result, the location competitiveness was found to be superior to Incheon New Port's hinterland, Gyeonggi South Area (Yongin), Gyeonggi West Area (Gimpo Logistics Complex), and Pyeongtaek Oseong Logistics Complex. In particular, this study extracted the knowledge of refrigerated and refrigerated logistics warehouse operation experts, and conducted detailed competitiveness assessments for cold chain cluster candidates in the metropolitan area, and suggested the optimal cluster candidates. In the future research, it is necessary to classify the questionnaire into the owner, large business group, and public business group, etc., who have the right to purchase and build to secure ownership of the fresh food distribution center.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.230-235
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• 2009

Postharvest skin sooty dapple and decay disease of pear fruit often originates at small stain symptoms that occurred during harvest and handling. Experiments were conducted to characterize the effect of timing of application of disease control materials, and to evaluate sequential postharvest applications of fungicides or fungicides and bio-control agents. Fungicides and bio-control agents were increasingly less effective when the period between harvest and application was prolonged. Thiabendazole (TBZ) applied to fruit without artificial wounding or inoculation effectively reduced skin sooty and decay disease when applied within 3 weeks or 6 weeks in 2 years of study. TBZ, Fludioxonil and pyrimethanil were effective in controlling skin sooty and decay disease at artificial wounds inoculated with Cladosporium tenuissimum up to 14 days after inoculation. Application of TBZ at harvest followed 3 weeks later by application of Fludioxonil was superior to application of TBZ at harvest alone. Two bacterial biocontrol agents reduced skin sooty and decay disease at pear wounds inoculated with C. tenuissimum up to 14 days after inoculation with C. tenuissimum, but were ineffective when applied at 28 days after inoculation. Of possible sequential arrangements of fungicide and bio-control treatments, application of the most effective material promptly after harvest generally resulted in the highest level of disease control.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

This study was undertaken to analyze the hygienic problems of group food services and to predict the outbreak patterns of future food-borne diseases. A delphi survey with 20 experts identified the main causes of food-borne outbreaks in group food services as improper hygienic management of raw food materials, washing of worker's hands, dividing the spaces and unsanitary retail storage. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli (EPEC), non-typhoid Salmonella serotypes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (ETEC), norovirus, and the hepatitis A virus all have potential to cause outbreaks of food-borne disease. We analyzed the daily food use and the possibility of food-borne outbreaks in school food services for fruits, milk, fish, pork, eggs, and meat as raw food materials, and bibimbab, soybean sprouts muchim, spinach namul, cucumber sengchae, jabchae, and pork bulgogi as prepared food items. Frozen (${\leq}\;-20^{\circ}C$) and refrigerated ($0{\sim}10^{\circ}C$) processed foods are popular items in group food services. Their storage, heating, and chemical sanitization methods are potential sources of food disease outbreaks. Our results can be applied to a well-organized hygiene control system and can be used to develop menus for preventing food-borne outbreaks.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1179-1183
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• 1998

Effects of gamma irradiation on beef spoilage were investigated by determination of the peroxide value, TBA value and total volatile basic nitrogen for 10 days at $4^{\circ}C$ or $25^{\circ}C$ after gamma irradiation up to 5 kGy in air or vacuum package. The total lipid contents were $4.4{\sim}4.7%$ and were not significantly changed by gamma irradiation up to 5 kGy. The peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid value increased with the elapse of the storage period. The level of lipid oxidation was higher at $25^{\circ}C$ than at $4^{\circ}C$ and higher in air package than in vacuum package and increased depending on the incremental irradiation doses level. Volatile basic nitrogen showed a lower content in the vacuum packaged samples irradiated at $3{\sim}5\;kGy$ than in non-irradiated samples over the storage period.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.314-324
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• 2017

In order to consider application and evaluation of value and class of domestic wetland, we investigated 146 wetlands located Gyeongsangnam-do using Rapid Assessment Method (RAM). We utilized Self-Organizing-Map (SOM) to analysis relationship between evaluation index and land coverage ratio surrounding wetland. Among total 8 evaluation index, 'Fish and herptile habitat' and 'Aesthetic value' were higher, most of the wetlands evaluated as 2, 3 grade. Result of SOM analysis, 'vegetation diversity and wild animals habitat' is negatively related to the 'Fish and herptile habitat', because fishs were not prefer habitat excessively occupied by plant. However, high vegetation diversity can be support high score of 'Aesthetic' in wetland. Also, 'Erosion control' and 'Flood storage and control' were closely related, wetlands with high score of 'Erosion control' have high score of 'Flood storage and control'. When applied RAM in domestic wetland, six out of 6 evaluation index induced biased results, the index of RAM need a little change as some new or modify evaluation index. Therefore, we consider to need adjustable, subdivide, and actualization of some evaluation index for application of RAM in domestic wetlands. Consequently, wetland assessment and class using RAM can be utilized as important indicate for conservation and management of wetland, and contributed greatly to maintain biodiversity include to endangered species by preserving remaining wetland.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.467-475
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• 2015

The Deokjin Pond is one of the places representing Jeonju City's history but has the poor water quality. The pond has a storage of $88,741m^3$ and a drainage area of $3.77km^2$. It has been maintained only by the groundwater pumped from the upstream wells and the direct rainfalls on the water surface since the old streams replenishing the pond were turned into a part of the sewer system due to indiscreet urbanization. The lack of replenishing water as well as the organic-rich bottom sediment were suggested as two main causes deteriorating the water-ecosystem. In this study, possible measures obtaining waters for restoration of Deokjin Pond ecosystem are discussed. It is estimated that the present pond can be replenished about 32 times a year by the runoff when the drainage system in the watershed is recovered to a state before urbanization. To support this, the drainage system is compared with that of nearby Osong Pond, which shows relatively better water-ecosystem. Even though Osong Pond has a drainage area one-seventh of that of Deokjin Pond, its storage is more than the half of it. It is because its watershed has a near natural drainage system where the rain mostly infiltrates into soil and slowly discharges into the pond. Therefore, it is believed that the low impact development (LID), which is known as a technique restoring the water circulating system to a condition before development, would be helpful in obtaining waters required for Deokjin Pond ecosystem management.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.405-411
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• 2016

Seoul city is publishing new plans to increase modal share rate of bicycle every year, such as, maintaining bicycle related facilities. But bicycle's modal share rate in Seoul stayed same for the last decade and people are still facing difficulties using bicycle related facilities. These problems are causing bicycle usage as connecting transportation of public transit to decrease. This study looked at the high bicycle modal countries, such as, Netherlands, Germany and Japan to find applicable solutions by analyzing cases and comparing them with cases of highly populated subway station of Sindorim in Seoul. For example, in Germany and Netherlands there is bicycle-parking system to help bikers to access subway easier, in Japan there is underground bicycle parking tower to safely keep high volume of bicycles with in small space. For Seoul city to increase its modal share rate, they should look at problems from users' prospective and solve it by fixing it and improving the services, not by making more facilities.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 2016

Because of rapid growth of data size, the number of data storage has been increased. When using multiple data storages, a distribute file system is essential to insure the availability of data files. The power consumption is a major problem when using a distributed file system with many data storages. Previous works have aimed at reducing the energy consumption with efficient file block layout by changing some data servers into stand-by mode. The file block migration has not been seriously considered because migration causes large cost. But when we consider addition of a new data server or file, file block migration is needed. This paper formulates the minimization of data block migration as an ILP optimization problem and solves it using branch-and-bound method. Using this technique, we can maximize the number of stand-by data servers with the minimum number of file block movement. However, computation time of branch-and-bound method of an ILP optimization problem increases exponentially as the problem size grows. Therefore this paper also proposes a data block and data server grouping method to solve many small ILP problems.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.336-344
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• 2017

Background: Because of climate change, interest in the development of carbon pools has increased. In agricultural ecosystems, which can be more intensively managed than forests, measures to control carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) emission and absorption levels can be applied relatively easily. However, crop residues may be released into the atmosphere by decomposition or combustion. If we can develop scientific management techniques that enable these residues to be stocked on farmland, then it would be possible to convert farmlands from carbon emission sources to carbon pools. We analyzed and investigated soil respiration (Rs) rate characteristics according to input of carbonized residue of red peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), a widely grown crop in Korea, as a technique for increasing farmland carbon stock. Results: Rs rate in the carbonized biomass (CB) section was $226.7mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$, which was 18.1% lower than the $276.9mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ from the red pepper residue biomass (RB) section. The Rs rate of the control was $184.1mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$. In the following year, Rs in the CB section was $204.0mg\;CO_2\;m{-2}h^{-1}$, which was 38.2% lower than the $330.1mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ from the RB section; the control emitted $198.6mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$. Correlation between Rs and soil temperature ((Ts) at a depth of 5 cm) was $R^2=0.51$ in the RB section, which was higher than the other experimental sections. A comparison of annual decomposition rates between RB and CB showed a large difference, 41.4 and 9.7%, respectively. The results showed that carbonization of red pepper residues reduced the rates of decomposition and Rs. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that the Rs rate can be reduced by carbonization of residue biomass and putting it in the soil and that the Rs rate and Ts (5 cm) were positively correlated. Based on the results, it was determined that approximately $1.2t\;C\;ha^{-1}$ were sequestered in the soil in the first year and $3.0t\;C\;ha^{-1}$ were stored the following year. Therefore, approximately $1.5t\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$ are expected to be stocked in the soil, making it possible to develop farmlands into carbon pools.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.223-228
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• 2020

Objective of this study was to compared the amount of bacteria in the toothbrush according to the management method of the toothbrush in use and the acidity of intraoral bacteria. Toothbrushes in use in more than one month of 50 healthy adults were collected and the number of bacteria and pH of the toothbrushes were measured. When the number of brushings per day was 4, the pH 4.97 and the microbial numbers was the lowest at 42.16(104×CFU/ml). When the replacement period of the toothbrush was 1 month, the pH 5.35 and the microbial numbers was the lowest at 19.80(104×CFU/ml). When stored in the bathroom, the pH 4.78, and the microbial numbers was highest at 149.46(104×CFU/ml). As a result, in order to block the germs of the toothbrush, it is necessary to develop a method that can easily disinfect the contaminated toothbrush at home. In addition, I think that it is necessary to educate about the proper brush cleaning and storage method when teaching brushing.