• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 1996

This investigation was conducted to investigate if germination rate, degree of solute leakage and water uptake rate of seeds are a meaningful information for the selection criteria among soybean genotypes and to find out their characteristics in the variable temperature and moisture conditions encounted during long-term warehouse storage. Germination rate in soybean sprouting box and petri dish differed largely among genotypes stored for twenty months but there was little difference when stored for eight months. Length of hypocotyl was shorter at twenty months of storage than at eight months. Degree of solute leakage of Paldalkong and Pulmuwon was twice higher than that of SS88038 lines at twenty months of storage. In 30 minutes after imbibition, water uptake rate in all genotypes stored for twenty months was faster than these stored for eight months, and water uptake rate in Paldalkong and Pulmuwon stored for eight months was 1.5 and 2 times faster than in SS88038 lines. In correlation coefficients, the germination ability and emergence exhibited significantly negative correlation with degree of solute leakage at twenty months of storage. Water uptake rate in soybean seeds stored for eight months had highly significant positive correlation with degree of solute leakage in 30 minutes and one hour after imbibition while for twenty months of storage, it had highly significant positive correlation with that in 30 minutes, one hour and three hours after imbibition. In eight months of storage, the number of open micropyle had positive correlation with water uptake rate at 30 minutes after imbibiton. But in seeds stored twenty months, it wasn't correlated with water uptake.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.301-306
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• 2001

An invistigation was carried out to study the effects of heat treatment of garlic and storage temperature of garlic extracts on functional properties of garlic extracts. The garlic was heated at 40, 60, 80, 100, $120^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes and extracted with 50% ethanol. The extracts were stored at 4, 25 and $50^{\circ}C$ for 30 days, and then electron donating ability(EDA), nitrite-scavenging effects(NSE) and total thiosulfinates contents were determined. Among the functional properties, total thiosulfinates were rapidly reduced as the heating and storage temperature increased. The total thiosulfinates in the extracts were not detected for those heat-treated at 100 and $120^{\circ}C$. The EDAs were also decreased to almost half of their initial level by heat treatment of garlic at higher temperature than $80^{\circ}C$ while NSE was decreased a little. As the storage temperature increased, EDA and thiosulfinate contents decreased. Particularly the thiosulfinates were ditected none after 11 days of storage at $25^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$. Therefore, mild heat treatment of garlic at lower temperature than $60^{\circ}C$ and storage at refrigerated condition are recommendable for preparation and storage of garlic extracts.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.7 s.168
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• pp.617-626
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• 2006

In this study 3-month SPI data from 59 stations over the Korean peninsula are analyzed by deriving and spatially characterizing the EOFs. Also, the coefficient time series of EOF are applied to the multi-variate time series model to generate the time series of 10,000 years, to average them to estimate the areal average, and to decide the maximum drought severity for given return periods. Finally, the drought prevention ability is evaluated by considering the effective storage of dam within the basin and the size of agricultural area. Especially for the return period of 30 years, only the Han river basin has the potential to overcome the drought. Other river basins like the Youngsan river basin, which has a large portion of agricultural area but less water storage, are found to be very vulnerable to the rainfall-sensitive agricultural drought.

• Clean Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 2004

Cellulase was modified with copolymer with polyethylene(PE)/polypropylene(PP) oxide and maleic anhydride(MA) by maleylation reaction, and modified cellulase was applied to the reprocessing of old newsprint (ONP). Cellulase of modified cellulase enhanced the detachment of ink particles by fibrillation of fiber. The copolymer, which acted as the surfactant formed bubbles and removed the ink particles in the floatation process. Modified cellulase showed the same deinking ability without excess dosage compared with the conventional method. And, it improved the physical properties including tensile strength, brightness, and whiteness compared with the conventional deinking process. The bond between the ink and fiber got stronger as the storage time increased, and it became very difficult to remove the ink particle. But, modified cellulase increased the deinking ability by 41% compared with the conventional process at the experiment of the ONP for 1 year storage time. It removed the yellowing and increased the whiteness and brightness as well as tensile strength and internal bond strength.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.562-566
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• 2005

Effects of amino acids (Arg, Lys, Gly, Ile, Glu, Asp, and Met) on the color intensity, stability and antioxidative properties of anthocyanins extracted from grape skins were investigated. Intensity of anthocyanins was significantly increased by the addition of Asp. Except for basic amino acids such as Arg and Lys, stabilities of anthocyanins were significantly improved by the addition of other amino acids including neutral, acidic and sulfur containing amino acids during the storage at $30^{\circ}C$ at pH 3.5. In case of control anthocyanins was remained unchanged the intensity of red color decreased significantly during the storage whereas their antioxidative activity were unchanged. Although effects of amino acids addition on electron donating abilities of anthocyanins were not differentiated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, the addition of Asp or Met resulted in increased ferric reducing ability which measured by FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma) assay.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2020

The global carbon storage regulator (Csr) system is conserved in bacteria and functions as a regulator in the exponential and stationary phases of growth in batch culture. The Csr system plays a role in the central carbon metabolism, virulence, motility, resistance to oxidative stress, and biofilm formation. Although the Csr was extensively studied in Gram negative bacteria, it has been reported only in the control of motility in Bacillus subtilis among Gram positive bacteria. The goal of this study was to explore the role of the csrA gene of Bacillus licheniformis M2-7 on motility and the bacterial ability to use hydrocarbons as carbon source. We deleted the csrA gene of B. licheniformis M2-7 using the plasmid pCsr-L, harboring the spectinomycin cassette obtained from the plasmid pHP45-omega2. Mutants were grown on culture medium supplemented with 2% glucose or 0.1% gasoline and motility was assessed by electron microscopy. We observed that CsrA negatively regulates motility by controlling the expression of the hag gene and the synthesis of flagellin. Notably, we showed the ability of B. licheniformis to use gasoline as a unique carbon source. Our results demonstrated that CsrA is an indispensable regulator for the growth of B. licheniformis M2-7 on gasoline.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the extraction yield, the contents of total phenol substances and antioxidative substances, electron donating abilities, nitrite scavenging abilities of water and ethanol extracts from Cassia tora L. and Pueraria thunbergiana and antioxidative activity of water and ethoanol extract from Cassia tara L. Tatal phenol substances of water and ethanol extract from Cassia tora L. and Pueraria thunbergiana showed nearly the same levels, and the antioxidative substances of water and ethanol extract from Pueraria thunbergiana has as much as two times higher than those from Cassia tara L.. The nitrite scavenging abilities were measured at pH 1.2, 3.0, 4.2 and 6.0, respectively. Water and ethanol extracts from Cassia tora L showed 14.9%∼22.3% and 49.1%∼56.7%, and those from Pueraria thunbergiana revealed 57.7%∼61.0% of nitrite scavenging abilities, respectively. Especially the extracts from Pueraria thunbergiana showed higher pH dependence than those from Cassia tora L. The electrol donating abilities of water extract from Cassia tora L. were higher than those from Pueraria thunbergiana, and vice versa in the case of ethanol extracts. In the antioxidative activitiy of extracts from Cassia tora L. against linoleic acid during storage of 20 days at 50$^{circ}C$, peroxide values at the addition level of 5mg and 10mg were consoderably lower than 2mg although peroxide value increased above 375 after 12days of storage compared with the control(BHA-added) of 129 at 8days.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2021

Zinc-ion Batteris (ZIBs) are recently being considered as energy storage devices due to their high specific capacity and high safety, and the abundance of zinc sources. Especially, ZIBs can overcome the drawbacks of conventional lithium ion batteris (LIBs), such as cost and safety issues. However, in spite of their advantages, the cathode materials under development are required to improve performance of ZIBs, because the capacity and cycling stability of ZIBs are mainly influenced by the cathode materials. To design optimized cathode materials for high performance ZIBs, a novel manganese oxide (MnO2) coated graphite sheet is suggested herein with improved zinc-ion diffusion capability thanks to the uniformly decorated MnO2 on the graphite sheet surface. Especially, to optimize MnO2 on the graphite sheet surface, amounts of percursors are regulated. The optimized MnO2 coated graphite sheet shows a superior zinc-ion diffusion ability and good electrochemical performance, including high specific capacity of 330.8 mAh g-1 at current density of 0.1 A g-1, high-rate performance with 109.4 mAh g-1 at a current density of 2.0 A g-1, and remarkable cycling stability (82.2 % after 200 cycles at a current density of 1.0 A g-1). The excellent electrochemical performance is due to the uniformly decorated MnO2 on the graphite sheet surface, which leads to excellent zinc-ion diffusion ability. Thus, our study can provide a promising strategy for high performance next-generation ZIBs in the near future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.905-913
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• 2018

Objective: To evaluate the effects of L-lysine (Lys)/L-arginine (Arg) on lipid and protein oxidation of emulsion sausage during storage and its possible mechanism. Methods: Four samples were prepared based on the presence or absence of additional sodium isoascorbate, Lys, or Arg: sample A (control), sample B (0.05 g of sodium isoascorbate), sample C (0.4 g of Lys), and sample D (0.4 g of Arg). Peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls and thiols were measured. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical-scavenging, ferrous ion-chelating ability were also measured. Results: Compared with the control, the sample treated with sodium isoascorbate, Lys or Arg had significantly lower POV during the initial 20 days, TBARS during the initial 15 days. Protein carbonyls were significantly lower compared Sample B, C, and D with A during the later storage (10 to 25 days); basically, protein thiols became lower during storage when the samples were treated with sodium isoascorbate, Lys, or Arg. Both Lys and Arg had weak reducing power but strong ferrous ion-chelating activity and DPPH radical- and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity. Conclusion: Both Lys and Arg effectively inhibited the oxidation of lipids and proteins in emulsion sausage by scavenging free radicals and chelating ferrous ions. The results obtained may be favorable for the prevention of lipid and protein oxidation during processing and storage of meat products.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.253-260
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• 2015

Enlargement of street tree planting area is the proper and effective solution to reduce carbon dioxide. This solution bases on the ability of carbon storage and uptake by tree metabolism. However, the circumstance of road side has fatal disadvantages in tree metabolism such as growth and maturity because cutting and filling of roadsides cause unnatural soil composition. In this point, early rootage of street tree is the main factor of reducing carbon dioxide. This study aimed to find a appropriate transplantation planting method for sound and rapid rootage of street tree. For the study, Korean Mountain Ash(Sorbus alnifolia) were used for experimental groups. The groups were categorized by three groups such as trees produced on container with mulching treatment, trees produced in outdoor with mulching treatment, trees produced on container with weeding treatment. Each group consisted 10 trees with same size and transplanted in experimental site. Five months after transplanting, each group was estimated the biomass and carbon storage through a direct harvesting method. According to results of the study, the carbon storage of trees produced on container with mulching treatment is 42% more than trees produced in outdoor with mulching treatment. And the carbon storage of trees produced on container with mulching treatment is 19.5% more than trees produced on container with weeding treatment. These results may imply that transplantation of container produced tree with mulching treatment is the most rapid rootage among other groups. The weeding treatment is more effective than mulching treatment for rapid rootage of street trees.