• Title/Summary/Keyword: stones

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Comparision of Clustering Methods in 2D Image for the Atomstion of Dangerous Machine (위험기계의 자동화를 위한 2차원 영상의 군집화 기법 비교 연구)

  • 이지용;이병곤
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 1996
  • In this study, clustering of black BADUK stones' image were performed to recognize the individual stone from its closely spaced and partially occluded Image. And the clustering perfomance was compared between the classical methods and fuzzy C-means method. As a result, 2 BADUK stones' image was segmented precisely in every methods, but more than 3 stones the segmentation was depended on its shape. Fuzzy C-means method could be segmented correctly to 4 stones regardless of its shape, and It could be applied to the unknown number of clusters.

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Dispersion of Standing Stones at Noseongsan(Mt.Noseong) and Aspect of the Stone Decorated Garden(Soo-suk Jeongwon) at Chongsuk-Sa(Chongsuk Buddhist Temple) in Nonsan City (논산 노성산(魯城山)의 입석(立石) 분포와 총석사(叢石寺) 수석(樹石)의 정원적 면모)

  • Rho, Jae Hyun;Huh, Joon;Jang, Il Young
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.160-189
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    • 2010
  • This study has been designed to grasp the present situation, shapes and meaning of the standing stones and rock pillars in the whole area of Noseong Mountain Fortress in Nonsan City which have never been academically reported yet. Accordingly, the research was carried out to grasp the spatial identity of Noseong Mt. and Noseong Mountain Fortress and the dispersion of standing stones scattered around inside and outside Noseong Mountain Fortress, while the shapes and structural characteristics of stones were investigated and analyzed focusing on Chongsuk Temple, which was considered to have the highest density of standing stones and greatest values for preservation as a cultural property. In consideration of the reference to the 'Top Sa' (tower temple) at the 'Bul Woo Jo' (Article about Buddhism Houses) of 'Shinjoong Dongguk Yeoji Seungram', theoretical existence of the temple according to surveying investigation, and the excavation records of roof tile pieces with the name of 'Gwan Eum Temple', it is presumed that there had been a Buddhist sanctum inside the fortress and it could be connected to the carved letters, 'Chongsuk Temple'. According the observation survey, the 6th place of standing stones among many other places inside the fortress shows that Chongsuk Temple appears to have the strong characteristics of artificially constructed space in consideration of the size of trees and stones, the composite trend of tree and stone composition, and trace of the adjacent well and strand and the construction of stairway leading to the stone gate. Along with the constellation of the Big Dipper carved on a rock at the same space, the stones, on which the letters of 'Shinseonam', 'Chilseongam' and 'Daejangam' were carved, including 'Chongsuksa', and the carved statue of Buddha, which was assumed to be Avalokitesvara Guan Yin, have offered clue which make it possible to infer that the space was a space for Chilseong and Mountain god(Folk Belief) that had originated from the combination of Buddhism, Taoism and folk religion. According to the actual measurement of standing stones at Chonsuk Temple, it was identified that there were big differences in height among 24 stones in total, ranging from 402~29cm and the averaged distance between each stone appeared to be 23.6cm. And the shape of stones appeared to be standing or flat, and various stones such as mountain-like stones and Buddha-like stones were placed in a special arrangement or assorted arrangement, but the direction of the stones had a consistency pointing to the west. And comparing to the trace of construction of ZEN Landscape Garden well known in the country, the three flat stones except for the standing and shaped stones appeared to have the shape of meditation statue, which is the typical formational factors of a ZEN Landscape Garden, on the basis of formational technique of stones. Among them, the flat stone facing the Buddhist saint statue, was formed by way of symbolization of three-mountain stone, which was assumed to be an offering stone for sacrificial food rather than carrying out ZEN Meditation. In consideration of the formation of standing stones at Chong-suk Temple, which was carried out in the composite stoning method based using the scalene triangle with ratio of 3:5:7 in order to seek the in-depth beauty based on the stone statues of three Buddhas where the three factors such as heaven, earth and humans are embodied in the elevated or flat formation, the stones at Chongsuk Temple and the space seemed to the trace of contracted garden construction that was formed with stones for a temple, so that could be used for ZEN meditation.

A Comparative Study on the Whole Rock Magnetic Susceptibility and SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of the Domestic Dimension Stone and Chinese similar Dimension Stone (전암대자율 특성과 SHRIMP 저어콘 U-Pb 연대 측정을 통한 국내 석재와 중국 유사 석재의 비교 연구)

  • Kim, Kun-Ki;Jwa, Yong-Joo;Hong, Sei-Sun;Lee, Ki-Wook
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.273-289
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    • 2015
  • This study used the petrological features and the whole rock susceptibility characteristics suggest ways to determine the domestic dimension stones and Chinese similar dimension stones. In addition, this study compare the intrusive period by measuring the zircon U-Pb age of these stones. Result of comparing the petrological feature, with the exception of Macheon stone and Boryeong stone to show the differences in mineral composition and texture under a microscope, the domestic dimension stones and Chinese similar dimension stones exhibit substantially the same petrological feature. According to the measurement results for the whole rock magnetic susceptibility, Goheong, Iksan, Pocheon stones are the similar as Chinese dimension stones, and other stones are easily distinguished. The zircon U-Pb age results for Geochang, Iksan, and Pocheon stones are equivalent to the Jurassic Daebo granites and G603, G633, G655 are the Cretaceous granites. Therefore, the domestic dimension stones and Chinese similar dimension stones can be clearly determined by the zircon U-Pb age results.

Petrological Characteristics and Nondestructive Deterioration Assessments for Foundation Stones of the Sebyeonggwan Hall in Tongyeong, Korea (통영 세병관 초석의 암석학적 특성 및 비파괴 손상평가)

  • Han, Doo Roo;Kim, Sung Han;Park, Seok Tae;Lee, Chan Hee
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.54 no.2
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    • pp.199-212
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    • 2021
  • The Sebyeonggwan Hall (National Treasure No. 305) is located on the Naval Headquarter of Three Provinces in Tongyeong, and it has partly undergone with several rebuilding, remodeling, repairing and restorations since it's the first establishment in Joseon Dynasty (AD 1605) of ancient Korea. This study focuses on 50 foundation stones that comprise the Sebyeonggwan. These stones are made of six rock types and currently have various shapes of the surface damages. As the foundation stones, the dominant rock type was dacitic lapilli tuffs, and provenance-based interpretation was performed to supply alternative stones for conservation. Most of the provenance rocks for foundation stones showed highly homogeneity with their corresponding stones of petrography, mineralogy and magnetic susceptibility. According to surface deterioration assessments, the most serious damages of the stones were blistering and scaling. The deterioration mechanism was identified through the analysis of inorganic contaminants, and the primary reason is considered salt weathering caused by sea breeze and other combined circumstances. Based on the mechanical durability of the stones, there was no foundation stone that required the replacement of its members attributed to the degradation of the rock properties, but conservation treatment is considered necessary to delay superficial damage. The foundation stones are characterized by a combined outcome of multiple petrological factors that caused physical damage to surfaces and internal defects. Therefore, it's required to diagnosis and monitoring the Sebyeonggwan regularly for long-term preservation.

Stepping Stones Attack Simulator for TCP Connection Traceback Test

  • Choi, Byeong-cheol;Seo, Dong-Il;Sohn, Sung-Won;Lee, Sang-Ho
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.2112-2115
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    • 2003
  • In this paper, we describe a SSAS (stepping stones attack simulator) that is automatic tool for testing and evaluation in TCP connection traceback system. The SSAS can pass multiple hosts that are included with hacker, middle-path hosts and victim’s system. And SSAS can also attack through commands to exploit the victim’s system. Usually, hackers do not expose their real attack positions through compromising the middle-path hosts like stepping-stones. Namely, hackers perform the stepping stones attacks in Internet. The SSAS can be utilized by developments and tests of the various countermeasure techniques of hacking. Specially, in this paper, it is used to test the performance of TCP connection traceback system.

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A Study on the Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity in Crushed Stone by Chemical Method (화학법에 따른 쇄석골재의 알카리 반응성 분석)

  • 이장화;김성욱
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 1992.10a
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    • pp.25-30
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    • 1992
  • Since the first report on the damage of concrete structures due to alkali-aggregate reaction by T.E Stanton in 1940, cases of the damage are being reported in many countries. in the country, it is necessary to research the alkali-aggregate reaction of the crushed stone because of the short comings of natural aggregate and increasing needs of crushed stones. In this research, crushed stones from 63 local sites are collected and tested by ASTM C 289 chemical method.. The results show that most of the crushed stones are innocuous. However, the crushed stones from three sites are deleterious to the reaction by JIS A 5308. Petrographic and Mortar-Bar test will be carried out to find out any possibility of deleteriousness of the crushed stones

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A case of cystinuria with a heterozygous SLC3A1 mutation presenting with recurrent multiple renal stones in a 14-year-old boy

  • Hye Won Cho;Min Hwa Son;Hyung Eun Yim
    • Childhood Kidney Diseases
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.127-132
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    • 2023
  • Cystinuria, a genetically inherited disorder, is a rare cause of kidney stones. It is characterized by impaired transport of cystine and amino acids in the proximal renal tubule and the small intestine. Most patients develop cystine stones throughout their lifetime. Recurrent renal stones need to be extracted by repeated urologic interventions. Treatment options of cystinuria for preventing stone recurrence are limited and poorly tolerated. In this study, we report a pediatric case of cystinuria with a heterozygous SLC3A1 mutation diagnosed by stone analysis, measurement of urine cystine excretion, and genetic analysis. There were recurrent renal stones despite repetitive shock wave lithotripsy and retrograde intrarenal surgery. However, the rate of stone formation seemed to be slower after D-penicillamine was added into adequate hydration and urinary alkalinization.

Identification of parasite DNA in common bile duct stones by PCR and DNA sequencing

  • Jang, Ji-Sun;Kim, Kyung-Ho;Yu, Jae-Ran;Lee, Soo-Ung
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.301-306
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    • 2007
  • We attempted to identify parasite DNA in the biliary stones of humans via PCR and DNA sequencing. Genomic DNA was isolated from each of 15 common bile duct (CBD) stones and 5 gallbladder (GB) stones. The patients who had the CBD stones suffered from cholangitis, and the patients with GB stones showed acute cholecystitis, respectively. The 28S and 18S rDNA genes were amplified successfully from 3 and/or 1 common bile duct stone samples, and then cloned and sequenced. The 28S and 18S rDNA sequences were highly conserved among isolates. Identity of the obtained 28S D1 rDNA with that of Clonorchis sinensis was higher than 97.6%, and identity of the 18S rDNA with that of other Ascarididae was 97.9%. Almost no intra-specific variations were detected in the 28S and 18S rDNA with the exception of a few nucleotide variations, i.e., substitution and deletion. These findings suggest that C. sinensis and Ascaris lumbricoides may be related with the biliary stoneformation and development.

Evaluation of the relation between the pulp stones and direct restorations using cone beam computed tomography in a Turkish subpopulation

  • Guzide Pelin Sezgin ;Sema Sonmez Kaplan;Tuna Kaplan
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.34.1-34.9
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    • 2021
  • Objectives: This study aimed to assess the presence of pulp stones through an examination of cone beam computed tomography images and correlate their prevalence with age, sex, dental arch and side, tooth type, and restoration type and depth. Materials and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography images obtained from 673 patients and archival data on 11,494 teeth were evaluated. The associations of pulp stones with age, sex, dental arch and side, tooth type, and restoration type and depth were noted. All the measurements were subjected to a χ2 test and one sample χ2 test (p < 0.05). Results: In the study group, 163 (24.2%) patients and 379 (3.3%) teeth had at least one pulp stone. The pulp stone frequency in those aged 30-39 years was significantly greater than in those aged 18-29 and ≥ 60 years, and the frequency was higher in females than in males (p < 0.05). The highest prevalence of pulp stones was found in maxillary dental arches and molar teeth (p < 0.05). Pulp stones were significantly more common in medium-depth restorations (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Maxillary molar teeth, medium-depth restorations, individuals aged 30-39 years and females had a greater percentage of pulp stones.

Usefulness of Color Doppler for Non-dilatational Ureteral Stone (비확장성 요관결석에 대한 컬러 도플러의 유용성)

  • Sim, Hyun-Sun
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.120-128
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    • 2017
  • Acute flank pain from urolithiasis is the most common condition in people visiting emergency rooms. This study is to evaluate the usefulness of color Doppler in detecting ureteral stones in patients without hydronephrosis. We performed ultrasonography and retrospective analysis on 161 patients who were suspected of urinary stones through plain radiography of the kidney, ureter, and bladder examination or urine tests that showed positive signs of hematuria. In ultrasonography, a total of 154 (95.6%) cases from the 161 patients were diagnosed with ureteral stones. In color Doppler, ureteral stones with twinkling artifact (TA) in the absence of hydronephrosis was shown in 18 (85.7%) cases of the 21 patients(p<0.001). The use of color Doppler has a high diagnostic efficacy for the detection of indistinguishable stones, non-dilatational ureteral stones, and middle ureter stones.