• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1982

These studies were carried out to know the variation of needle characteristics of Abies Koreana distributed in Korea. The results are summarized as follows. The differences of needle length and number of stomata row among the population were shown one percent level, but not in each individual tree. Correlations coefficients between the D.B.H. and needle length or needle width of mother trees were not correlated all populations respectively. It was found that correlation coefficient between needle length and needle width was positive in two populations. of Mt. Doukyou and Mt. Hanla, but it was not in Mt Jiri. Correlation coefficient between needle length and the number of stomata row positive correlation in Mt. Doukyou. Correlation coefficient between needle width and the number of stomata row was shown positive in all populations, but it was not that correlation coefficient between needle width and density of serrations, and between number of stomata row and density of serrations. The coefficients of variations were shown higher density of serration than needle length, needle width and stomata row.

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.35-36
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• 2003

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.448-453
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• 2014

Influences of shading and irrigation in summer hot pepper cultivation on the plant growth and mesophyll tissue were investigated. Hot pepper plants were exposed to three shade levels (0, $30{\pm}5$ and $80{\pm}5%$) and irrigated or non-irrigated in greenhouse condition. Plant height and leaf area were highest in 30% shading and stem diameter and fresh and dry weights were highest in no shading. Plant growth was better in rain shelters with irrigation than in those without irrigation. The numbers of hot pepper fruits in the beginning of harvest were 49 in rain shelters without irrigation and shading, 22 in those with irrigation and without shading, 5 in those without irrigation with 30% shading, and 1 in those with irrigation and 30% shading. However, 80% shading showed lowest flower number and flower abscission, resulting in no fruit set, regardless of irritation. This is because carbohydrate translocation from leaves to reproductive organs may be not enough for developing fruits due to the lack of sunlight. The yield of hot pepper tended to be higher in rain shelter with irrigation than in those without irrigation. In optical microscopy observation, the thickness and development of mesophyll tissues decreased as increasing the degree of shading but no effect of irrigation on mesophyll tissues was observed. When stomata were observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM), the shape of stomata was normal but tissues surrounding stomata were slightly wrinkled in plants grown under 30% shading. The large number of abnormal stomata and wrinkled leaves was observed among plants grown in rain shelters with 80% shading. In plants grown in rain shelters without irrigation, tissues surrounding stomata were wrinkled and 10-20% decrease in the number of stomata was observed. Therefore, in hot pepper cultivation in summer with high temperature, shading was not effective for fruit yield and mesophyll tissue development; if shading is unavoidable, high degree of shading is not advisable. Further studies are needed for appropriate cultivar selection and environment-control techniques in hot pepper cultivation in summer with high temperature.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.41-46
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• 2014

In this study, the vegetative and reproductive morphology and anatomy of two Hawaiian endemic Portulaca species were examined. Specifically, P. molokiniensis and P. sclerocarpa were compared to closely related species in the genus. The comparisons were both qualitative and quantitative, using characteristics of leaves, stems, roots, and fruits. Tissue organizations of vegetative and reproductive parts of the plants were assessed using microtechnique procedures, statistical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The most notable features of these two species were (1) the size and frequency of stomata in P. molokiniensis, and (2) the large number of sclerenchymatous cell layers in the thickest fruit walls of P. sclerocarpa. These findings may imply that stomata development in P. molokiniensis and thick fruit wall development in P. sclerocarpa are evolved features of survival. In particular, the development of thickened walls in indehiscent fruits likely has evolutionary implications of ecological tolerance for better adaptation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 1988

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of light intensity and temperature on the physiological characteristics and growth of ginseng leaves. The higher the transmittance of the shade, the greater the area was decreased. In contrast, however, the amount of transpiration was increased. There was no significant difference in the number of stomata, but the size of stomata was distinctively decreased. The higher the transmittance of the shade, the more the contents of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, and cartooned were decreased. In contrast, however, the aye ratio of chlorophyll was increased. Regardless of temperature, the contents of chlorophyll providing maximum photosynthesis at the end of June and August were 2.1mg and 1 8mg/g F.W. respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 1997

Stomatal closing by ozone and water stress could reduce further ozone injury by inhibition of ozone influx to the tissue. Direct effect of ozone on stomata can be explained from two aspects which are a stimulation of stomatal closing and an inhibition of stomatal opening. An increase of $Ca^{2+}$ influx into cytoplasm by ozone could stimulate potassium efflux ion channel and inhibits inward potassium ion channels. By this mechanism ozone could induce stomatal closing. On the other hand, ozone could inhibit stomatal opening by affecting the activity of $H^{+}$ dependent ATPase of the membrane in guard cells. This would inhibit proton efflux which precede stomatal opening. It is also possible that ozone could reduce the activity of photosynthesis in guard cells which lead to affect the production of osmotically active sugars and energy. Indirect effect of ozone to stomata is through the effect of $CO_2$ elevation as a result of damage of the photozynthetic machinery. This indirect effect is slower than the direct effect.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.255-263
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• 1995

Two poplar clones, I-214 (Populus euramericana) and Peace (P. Koreana × P. trichocarpa), were grown for 21 days in growth chambers at different CO₂concentrations (350, 700 and 2,000 μL·L-1). I-214 has stomata responding to environmental conditions in normal ways and Peace has unresponsive stomata to environmental factors including light, ABA, water stress and CO₂. In both plants, elevated CO₂ stmulated the growth of plant parts, especially leaf dry weight. And a CO₂ enrichment of 700 μL·L-1 CO₂ caused increment of net assimilation rate (NAR). The growth responses of these plants to CO₂ enrichment were different especially at high CO₂ condition (2,000 μL·L-1 CO₂). The total dry weight in Peace increased up to 2,000 μL·L-1 CO₂ but not in I-214. A CO₂ enrichment of 2,000 2,000 μL·L-1 CO₂ had little effect on NAR of I-214 but enhanced NAR of Peace. Although it is uncertain whether the different responses to CO₂ enrichment between I-214 and Peace resulted from the different properties of stomatal responses to long-term CO₂ treatment, the decrease in NAR is probably due in part to CO₂-induced stomatal closure in I-214 but not in Peace.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.82 no.3
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• pp.260-270
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• 1993

This study was carried out to clarifyed a taxonomical relationships of Rutaceae on the subfamily, genus and species level in Korea using venation pattern and stomata types. The results are summarized as follows : The leaf venation of the Rutaceae has revealed three major venation types. Semicraspedodromous, Brochidodromous and Cladodromous. The leaf ufmations type of the genus Evodia and Phellodendron were similar to Cladodromous type. They showed gradual evolution from brochidodromous type of Aurantioideae to cladodromous type of Toddaloideae. The stomata ypes were reconized Anomocytic and Actinocytic type, and epidermal cells were Ansio. Polygonal and Medium type. In the correlation analysis, there were highly significant correlation between frequency and length (r=-0.822), frequency and width (r=-0.780), and length and width(r=0.909) at 1% level.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1985

This experiment was carried out to study in stomatal behaviour of wheat (Chokwang) upon the different soil water potentials, lodging and two different nitrogen treatment. Stomatal aperture was measured at flowering stage under diurnal course with two hour intervals, Stomatal apertures were differently changed according to soil water potentials and leaf position on the stem, showing the rapid closure of stomata at low soil water potential and the narrow opening at low leaf position of stem. Wider stomatal opening appeared at the plot of optimal nitrogen application than that of low nitrogen. It was greatly decreased in opening of stomata at plants lodged, appearing that plant investigated of six days after lodging showed less than 50% than that normal plants, which indicated peculiar decrease of low leaf position of stem at afternoon of diurnal course.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 1995

Visible injury symptoms such as necrosis, chlorosis and premature senscence in the leaves of Ginkgo bloba and Pinus thunbergii treated with acid rain of pH 3.2 or below were observed. The epicuticular wax erosions were observed by SEM after exposure to acid rain of pH 2.4 and 3.2 in G. biloba and pH 4.0 below in P. thunbergii. The adaxial epidennal cells and sponge parenchyma cells were compressed, and those were distorted in the leaves of G. biloba treated with simulated acid rain of pH 3.2 or below. However, vascular tissue was intact. With increase of acidity, mesophyll cells were smaller than those of control while intercellular space in mesophyU was increased. In P. thunbergii, sponge parenchyma cells and vascular tissue except epidennis were distorted after exposure to acid rain of pH 2.4. The size change of stomata in foliar injury was not observed, but the stomatal index and size of stomatal aperture in leaves treated with acid rain increased. The stomata of injured leaf were opened in both species examined.amined.