Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7235/hort.2014.14015

Influence of Shading and Irrigation on the Growth and Development of Leaves Tissue in Hot Pepper  

Lee, Sang Gyu (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Sciences)
Choi, Chang Sun (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Sciences)
Lee, Jun Gu (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Sciences)
Jang, Yoon Ah (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Sciences)
Lee, Hee Ju (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Sciences)
Chae, Won Byoung (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Sciences)
Do, Kyung Ran (Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Sciences)
Publication Information
Horticultural Science & Technology / v.32, no.4, 2014 , pp. 448-453 More about this Journal
Abstract
Influences of shading and irrigation in summer hot pepper cultivation on the plant growth and mesophyll tissue were investigated. Hot pepper plants were exposed to three shade levels (0, $30{\pm}5$ and $80{\pm}5%$) and irrigated or non-irrigated in greenhouse condition. Plant height and leaf area were highest in 30% shading and stem diameter and fresh and dry weights were highest in no shading. Plant growth was better in rain shelters with irrigation than in those without irrigation. The numbers of hot pepper fruits in the beginning of harvest were 49 in rain shelters without irrigation and shading, 22 in those with irrigation and without shading, 5 in those without irrigation with 30% shading, and 1 in those with irrigation and 30% shading. However, 80% shading showed lowest flower number and flower abscission, resulting in no fruit set, regardless of irritation. This is because carbohydrate translocation from leaves to reproductive organs may be not enough for developing fruits due to the lack of sunlight. The yield of hot pepper tended to be higher in rain shelter with irrigation than in those without irrigation. In optical microscopy observation, the thickness and development of mesophyll tissues decreased as increasing the degree of shading but no effect of irrigation on mesophyll tissues was observed. When stomata were observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM), the shape of stomata was normal but tissues surrounding stomata were slightly wrinkled in plants grown under 30% shading. The large number of abnormal stomata and wrinkled leaves was observed among plants grown in rain shelters with 80% shading. In plants grown in rain shelters without irrigation, tissues surrounding stomata were wrinkled and 10-20% decrease in the number of stomata was observed. Therefore, in hot pepper cultivation in summer with high temperature, shading was not effective for fruit yield and mesophyll tissue development; if shading is unavoidable, high degree of shading is not advisable. Further studies are needed for appropriate cultivar selection and environment-control techniques in hot pepper cultivation in summer with high temperature.
Keywords
chlorophyll; hot pepper; stomata; yield;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Rylski, I. and M. Spigelman. 1986. Effect of shading on plant development, yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper grown under conditions of high temperature and radlation. Sci. Hortic. 29:31-35.   DOI
2 Sagee, O., J. Riov, and R. Goren. 1990. Ethylene-enhanced catabolism of ($^{14}C$) indole-3-acetic acid to indole-3-carboxylic acid in citrus leaf tissues. Plant Physiol. 91:54-60.
3 Seo, J.U., J.M. Hwang, and S.M. Oh. 2006. Effects of night temperature treatment of raising seedlings before transplanting on growth and development of pepper. J. Bio-Env. Con. 15: 149-155.
4 Sexton, R., L.N. Lewis, A.J. Trewavas, and P. Kelly. 1985. Ethylene and abscission, p. 173-196. In: J.A. Roberts and G.A. Tucker (eds). Ethylene and Plant Development. Butterworths, Boston, MA, USA.
5 Smittle, D.A., W.L. Dickens, and J.R. Stansell. 1994. Irrigation regimes affect yield and water use by bell pepper. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119:936-939.
6 Suh, H.D., S.K. Park, and Y.S. Kwon. 1987. Effect of amounts and intervals of irrigation on the yield of hot pepper, radish and Chinese cabbage. Res. Rept. RDA (Hort.) 29:24-29.
7 Walsh, C.S. and M. Faust. 1982. AVG increases the yield of young 'Delicious' apple trees. HortScience 17:370-372.
8 Wien, H.C., A.D. Turner, and S.F. Yang. 1989. Hormonal basis for light intensity-induced flower bud abscission of pepper. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114:981-985.
9 Wien, H.C. and Y. Zhang. 1991. Prevention of flower abscission in bell pepper. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 116:516-519.
10 Beaudry, R.M. and S.J. Kays. 1988. Effect of ethylene source on abscission of pepper plant organs. HortScience 23:742-744.
11 Ching, M.H. and K.W. Park. 1993. The Effect of daylength, shading and irrigation on the flowering of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. J. Bio-Env. Con. 2:136-146.   과학기술학회마을
12 Hwang, S.M. and G.S. Tae. 2001. Changes in the growth of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and soil moisture according to irrigation and cultivating methods. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 42:295-299.
13 Hwang, S.M., T.R. Kwon, E.S. Doh, and M.H. Park. 2010. Growth and physiological adaptations of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) in response to water scarcity in soil. J. Bio-Env. Con. 19:266-274.   과학기술학회마을
14 Maynard, D.N., N.H. Lachman, R.M. Check, and H.F. Vernell. 1962. The influence of nitrogen levels on flowering and fruit set of peppers. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 81:385-389.
15 Joung, H.Y., H.D. Kim, Y.M. Yu, and B.H. Han. 1995. Influence of production light intensities on characteristics of mesophyll cells of 4 foliage plants. Korean Hort. Abstr. 13:300-301.
16 Kang, Y.I., J.K. Kwon, K.S. Park, I.H. Yu, S.Y. Lee, M.W Cho, and N.J. Kang. 2010. Changes in growths of tomato and grafted watermelon seedlings and allometric relationship among growth parameters as affected by shading during summer. J. Bio-Env. Con. 19:275-283.   과학기술학회마을
17 Lee, J.H., T. Nasanjargal, K.Y. Choi, and Y.B. Lee. 2008. Effects of shading on photosynthetic response and growth characteristics in hydroponics for wasabi leaf production. J. Bio-Env. Con. 17:9-13.   과학기술학회마을
18 Morgan, P.W. 1984. Is ethylene the natural regulator of abscission?. p. 231-240. In: Y. Fuchs and E. chalutz (eds.). Biochemical, physiological and applied aspects of ethylene. Martinus Nijhoff/Junk, The hague, Netherlands.
19 Park, S.K. and H.J. Jeong. 1976. The effect of shading on blossom dropping and fruit dropping of the hot pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L.). Res. Rep. Office Rural Dev. (Korea) 18:1-8.
20 Paul, G.S. 1972. Effect of shading on structural characterics of the leaf and yield of fruit in Capsicum annuum L. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 97:461-464.
21 Riov J., O. Sagee, and R. Goren. 1984. Effect of ethylene on indole-3-acetic acid transport, metabolism, and level in leaf tissues of woody plants during abscission, p. 267-276. In: Y. Fuchs and E. chalutz (eds.). Biochemical, physiological and applied aspects of ethylene. Martinus Nijhoff/Junk, The hague, Netherlands.
22 Paiva, E.A.S., R.M.S. Isaias, F.H.A. Vale, and C.G.S. Queiroz. 2003. The influence of light intensity on anatomical structure and pigment contents of Tradescantia pallida (Rose) Hunt. cv. purpurea boom (Commelinaceae) leaves. Brazilian Arch. Biol. Technol. 46:617-624.   DOI