• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.371-380
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• 2015

Particulate matters in a water distribution system are main causes of turbidity and discoloration of tap water. They could be removed by conventional or uni-directional flushing in a water distribution system. The behaviors and required flow velocity of particles are not well known for their flushing. A model water main and hydrant were made from transparent acrylic pipe of 30mm and 16mm in diameter, respectively. We analyzed the effect of flushing velocity, particle density, and particle diameter. We found that the existence of break-though velocities at which particles begin to be removed, and which are affected by their physical properties. The removal efficiencies seemed to be influenced by resuspension capabilities related to their upward movement from the bottom. Heavy particles like scale were hard to remove through upflow hydrant because the falling velocity, calculated using Stokes' law, was higher. Particle removal efficiencies of upward hydrant and downward drain showed minor differences. Additionally, the length between hydrant and control valve affected flushing efficiency because the particulate matters were trapped in this space by inertia and recirculating flow.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제13권2호통권32호
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• pp.138-146
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• 1999

The viscous flow around a ship hull is calculated by the use of RANS(Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) solver. Reynolds stresses are midelled by using the k-${epsilon}$ turbulence model and the law is applied near the body. Body fitted corrdinates are introduced for the treatment of the complex boundary of the ship hull form and the governing equations in the physical domain transformed into ones in the computational domain. The transformed equations are numerically solved by an employment of FVM(Finite Volume Method). SIMPLE(Semi-Implicit Pressure Linked Equation) method is adopted in the calculation of pressure and the solution of the sidcretized equation is obtained by the line-by-line method with the use of TDMA(Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithme). To assure the proprietty of this computing method, HSVA tanker and Dyne hull are calculated ar both model and ship scale Reynolds number. Their reaults of pressure distributions on fore and aft body, axial velocity contours and transverse velocity velocity vectors and viscous resistance coefficients are compared with other's experiments and calculations.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.733-743
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• 2000

We solve the integral representation of the Navier-Stokes equations in a lagrangian view by tracking the particles, which have vortex strengths. We simulate the unsteady viscous flow around an impulsively started cylinder using the vortex particle method. Particles are advanced via the Biot-Savart law for a lagrangian evolution of particles. The particle strength is modified based on the scheme of particle strength exchange. The solid boundary satisfies the no-slip boundary condition by the vorticity generation algorithm. We newly modify the diffusion scheme and the boundary condition for simulating an unsteady flow efficiently. To save the computation time, we propose the mixed scheme of particle strength exchange and core expansion. We also use a lot of panels to ignore the curvature of the cylinder, and not to solve the evaluation of the surface density. Results are compared to those from other theoretical and experimental works.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.69-84
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• 2018

In order to analyze the characteristics of propeller exciting force, the hybrid grid is adopted and the numerical prediction of KCS ship model is performed for hull-propeller-rudder system by Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) method and volume of fluid (VOF) model. Firstly, the numerical simulation of hydrodynamics for bare hull at oblique state is carried out. The results show that with the increasing of the drift angle, the coefficients of resistance, side force and yaw moment are constantly increasing, and the bigger the drift angle, the worse the overall uniformity of propeller disk. Then, propeller bearing force for hull-propeller-rudder system in oblique flow is calculated. It is found that the propeller thrust and torque fluctuation coefficient peak in drift angle are greater than that in straight line navigation, and the negative drift angle is greater than the positive. The fluctuation peak variation law of coefficient of side force and bending moment are different due to various causes.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1971-1981
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• 2002

Two-dimensional solidification analysis during rheology forming process of semi-solid aluminum alloy has been studied. Two-phase flow model to investigate the velocity field and temperature distribution is proposed. The proposed mathematical model is applied to the die shape of the two types. To calculate the velocities and temperature fields during rheology forming process, the each governing equations correspondent to the liquid and solid region are adapted. Therefore, each numerical model considering the solid and liquid coexisting region within the semi-solid material have been developed to predict the defects of rheology forming parts. The Arbitrary Boundary Maker And Cell(ABMAC) method is employed to solve the two-Phase flow model of the Navier-Stokes equation. Theoretical model basis of the two-phase flow model is the mixture rule of solid and liquid phases. This approach is based on using the liquid and solid viscosity. The Liquid viscosity is pure liquid state value, however solid viscosity is considered as a function of the shear rate, solid fraction and power law curves.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2012

지표수-지하수 혼합대는 하천 및 호소 등에서 지표수와 지하수가 교환되는 공간이다. 지표수-지하수 혼합은 하상의 토층으로 확장되어 다양한 물리적, 생지화화적, 열역학적 교환을 발생시키며 수생태계 내 고유한 생태적 전이대를 형성하는데 주요한 역할을 한다. 과거 실험 및 수치모의 연구에 의하면 혼합대에서 발생하는 물질교환은 하천의 지형적인 특징으로 발생하는 압력분포에 의해 지배된다. 특히 하천의 구간 규모에서 여울-소 구조는 혼합대의 특성을 지배하는 주요 인자로 알려져 있다. 여울-소 연속 구조는 지표수에서 재순환영역과 정체점을 형성하며 이 독특한 흐름 구조에 의해 혼합대의 흐름특성이 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 3차원 동수역학 모형을 이용하여 Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes 방정식과 Darcy 방정식을 동시에 해석하여 연속된 여울-소 구조에서 발생하는 지표수의 흐름구조가 혼합대의 흐름에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 모의 결과, 여울-소 구조에서 지표수의 재순환영역 및 정체점은 상승류와 하강류 형성과 직접적 연관을 가지며, 재순환영역의 크기가 감소하면 여울 전면부 하강류 형성 구간의 길이가 감소하고 최대 하강류 발생 지점이 하부로 이동하는 특성을 파악하였다. 이와 같은 본 연구의 결과는 혼합대의 현장관측, 하천 관리 및 복원 등의 연구에 활용하여 친환경 하천 조성에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.519-528
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 식기 세척기 내 원심펌프를 대상으로 수치적/실험적 연구를 통해 최적 설계를 수행하였으며 유량 및 소음 성능을 개선하고자 하였다. 먼저 대상 원심펌프의 특성을 실험적으로 분석하기 위해 펌프 성능시험기를 통한 유량 실험과 반 무향실에서의 소음 실험을 진행하였다. 원심펌프 회전에 따른 내부 유동 및 유동 소음 성능을 수치적으로 모사하기 위해 전산유체역학 기반의 Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) 방정식과 Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings 방정식을 지배 방정식으로 수치해석을 수행하였다. 실험 결과와의 비교를 통해 수치 기법의 유효성을 검증하였으며, 검증된 수치 기법을 활용하여 원심펌프 내 임펠러 형상에 대한 최적 설계를 수행하였다. 수치 기법의 활용을 통해 최적 설계된 임펠러의 개선된 유량 성능을 수치적으로 확인하였으며, 유동장 분석을 통해 임펠러 형상 각도 변화에 따른 유동 특성 변화 및 개선을 확인하였다. 또한, 시제품 제작 및 실험을 통해 개선 유량 성능을 검증하였으며, 팬 법칙에 의거하여 동일 유량에서 소음 수준이 감소함을 확인하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권1B호
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• pp.95-109
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 LDS 난류응력 모형, Van Rijn의 pick up 함수를 활용하여 일정 경사부에서의 파랑의 이행과 천수, 연이은 쇄파현상, plunging breaker에 후행하는 해저질의 역동적인 부유와 down rush와 후행 파랑에 의한 표사의 재분배를 수치모의 하였다. 이 과정에서 해저질과 소통하는 저면 유체력에 대한 quadratic law를 중심으로 한 기존의 연구 성과들은 정상상태에 기초하여 급속히 가속되고 감속되는 swash 대역의 수리특성을 반영할 수 없다는 결론에 도달하고 이러한 인식에 기초하여 새로운 산출방법이 제시되었다. 새로운 산출방법을 토대로 수치모의하여 비선형 천수과정의 일반적인 특징, 동조 비동조 고차 조화성분으로 전이된 파랑에너지로 인해 상당히 예리하고 왜도된 파형, 파형의 마루로부터 시작되는 물입자 자유낙하, 착수로 인한 커다란 물보라의 형성, 물보라 형성층의 해변으로의 이행, wave finger (Narayanaswamy와 Dalrymple, 2002), swash 대역에서 진행되는 부유사 순환과정, swash 대역에서 처오름으로 인해 부유된 부유사 무리의 off shore 방향으로의 순 이동 등이 비교적 정확히 재현되는 등 상당히 고무적인 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 기존의 Euler 좌표계에서 정의되는 파랑모형과 이동경계 기법의 한계를 뛰어 넘는 것으로 향후 보다 정확한 침식해석이 가능 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.386-401
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• 2011

Mathematical models for various steps in coal gasification reactions were developed and applied to investigate the effects of operation parameters on dynamic behavior of gasification process. Chemical reactions considered in these models were pyrolysis, volatile combustion, water shift reaction, steam-methane reformation, and char gasification. Kinetics of heterogeneous reactions between char and gaseous agents was based on Random pore model. Momentum balance and Stokes' law were used to estimate the residence time of solid particles (char) in an up-flow reactor. The effects of operation parameters on syngas composition, reaction temperature, carbon conversion were verified. Parameters considered here for this purpose were $O_2$-to-coal mass ratio, pressure of reactor, composition of coal, diameter of char particle. On the basis of these parametric studies some quantitative parameter-response relationships were established from both dynamic and steady-state point of view. Without depending on steady state approximation, the present model can describe both transient and long-time limit behavior of the gasification system and accordingly serve as a proto-type dynamic simulator of coal gasification process. Incorporation of heat transfer through heterogenous boundaries, slag formation and steam generation is under progress and additional refinement of mathematical models to reflect the actual design of commercial gasifiers will be made in the near futureK.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2017

The problem of non-uniform inflow exists in many practical engineering applications, such as the elbow suction pipe of waterjet pump and, the channel head of steam generator which is directly connect with reactor coolant pump. Generally, pumps are identical designs and are selected based on performance under uniform inflow with the straight pipe, but actually non-uniform suction flow is induced by upstream equipment. In this paper, CFD approach was employed to analyze unsteady hydrodynamic characteristics of reactor coolant pumps with different inflows. The Reynolds-averaged Naiver-Stokes equations with the $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model were solved by the computational fluid dynamics software CFX to conduct the steady and unsteady numerical simulation. The numerical results of the straight pipe and channel head were validated with experimental data for the heads at different flow coefficients. In the nominal flow rate, the head of the pump with the channel head decreases by 1.19% when compared to the straight pipe. The complicated structure of channel head induces the inlet flow non-uniform. The non-uniformity of the inflow induces the difference of vorticity distribution at the outlet of the pump. The variation law of blade to blade velocity at different flow rate and the difference of blade to blade velocity with different inflow are researched. The effects of non-uniform inflow on radial forces are absolutely different from the uniform inflow. For the radial forces at the frequency $f_R$, the corresponding amplitude of channel head are higher than the straight pipe at $1.0{\Phi}_d$ and $1.2{\Phi}_d$ flow rates, and the corresponding amplitude of channel head are lower than the straight pipe at $0.8{\Phi}_d$ flow rates.