• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.173-176
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• 2014

The hollow $SiO_2$ spheres with uniform size were synthesized by a modified Stober method under the control of polyelectrolytes (PSS and PAA) as templates. This synthetic route includes the formation of spherical colloid micelle in ethanol solution, hydrolysis of TEOS under control of ammonia, and the removal of polyelectrolyte by washing or calcination. Hollow silica spheres with controllable core diameters between 100 and 270 nm and wall thickness between 15 and 50 nm have been synthesized. The influence of template solution concentration and solvent and dispersant on the formation of silica hollow spheres is studied and reported in detail.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.792-799
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• 2016

Monodisperse silica nanospheres were synthesized by Stober method using rotating cylinder systems with batch or continuous manner. The particle size could be controlled by adjusting the reactant compositions such as the amount of monomer, catalyst, and water in the reaction mixture. The size and monodispersity of the ceramic particles could be controlled by changing the reaction medium with different alcohols other than ethanol or changing the reaction temperature. The effect of Taylor number (Ta) on the average diameter and standard deviation of silica particles were also studied by adjusting the rotation speed of inner cylinder, and the maximum diameter of particles was observed at Ta ${\approx}3,000$.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.111.1-111.1
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• 2011

The solar energy is dramatically increasing as the alternative energy source and the silicon(Si) solar cell are used the most. In this study, the improved process and equipment for the metallurgical refinement of multicrystalline Si were evaluated for the inexpensive solar cell. The planar plane and columnar dendrite aheadof the liquid-solid interface position caused the superior segregation of impurities from the Si. The solidification rate and thermal gradient determined the shape of dendrite in solidified Si matrix solidified by the directional solidification(DS) method. To simulate this equipment, the commercial software, PROCAST, was used to solve the solidification rate and thermal gradient. Si was vertically solidified by the DS system with Stober process and up-graded metallurgical grade or metallurgical grade Si was used as the feedstock. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP) was used to measure the concentration of impurities in the refined Si ingot. According to the result of ICP and simulation, the high thermal gradient between the two phases wasable to increase the solidification rate under the identical level of refinement. Also, the separating heating zone equipped with the melting and solidification zone was effective to maintain the high thermal gradient during the solidification.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2009

To fabricate dental nanocomposites containing finely dispersed silica nanoparticles, nearly monodispersed silica nanoparticles smaller than 25 nm were synthesized without forming any aggregates via a modified sol-gel process. Since silica nanoparticles synthesized by the Stober method formed aggregates when the particle size is smaller than 25 nm, the synthetic method was modified by changing the reaction temperature and adding poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) (PVP) to the reaction mixture. The size of the formed silica nanoparticles was reduced by increasing the reaction temperature or adding PVP. Furthermore, the formation of aggregates with primary silica nanoparticles smaller than 25 nm was prevented by increasing the amount of PVP added to the reaction mixture. To enhance the dispersion of the silica particles in an organic matrix, the synthesized silica nanoparticles were treated with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane ($\gamma$-MPS). A dental nanocomposite containing finely dispersed silica nanoparticles could be produced by using the surface-treated silica nanoparticles.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.353-355
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• 2010

양이온성의 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) (AIBA) 개시제를 이용한 methylmethacrylate (MMA)의 무유화제 에멀전 중합을 통해 polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) 입자를 합성하였다. 스퇴버 방법을 이용하여 양이온성의 PMMA 입자 표면에 실리카를 코팅하였다. 음전하의 실리카 전구체는 양이온성의 PMMA 입자 표면과의 정전기적 인력에 의해 코팅된다. 실리카 코팅 과정 중에 PMMA 입자가 용해되어 후처리 없이 실리카 중공체를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.387-403
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• 2022

Silica nanoparticles, which have a broad range of sizes and specific surface features, have been used in many industrial applications. This study was conducted to synthesize monodispersed silica nanoparticles directly from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with an alkaline catalyst (NH₃) based on the sol-gel process and the Stöber method. A central composite design (CCD) is used to build a second-order (quadratic) model for the response variables without requiring a complete three-level factorial experiment. The process was then optimized to achieve the minimum particle size with the lowest concentration of TEOS. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the size, dispersity, and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles. After optimization, a confirmation test was carried out to evaluate the confidence level of the software prediction. The results revealed that the predicted optimization is consistent with experimental procedures, and the model is significant at the 95% confidence level.

• 폴리머
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2006

고분자계 치아수복용 복합재료에 사용되는 다양한 크기의 나노실리카 입자를 Stober method를 이용하여 제조하고, 3-methacrylofpropyltrimethoxysilane $(\gamma-MPS)$로 제조된 입자 표면 처리 여부에 따른 유기 수지 내에서의 실리카 입자의 분산도 변화를 조사하였다 반응에 사용된 반응물인 tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS)와 물의 양, 촉매인 암모니아의 양, 용매의 종류와 양을 조절하여 다양한 크기의 나노실리카 입자를 제조하였다. 용매로 에탄올보다 메탄올을 사용할 경우 더 작은 입자가 생성되었다. 또, 물의 함량이 증가할수록 작은 입자가 형성되는 반면, 촉매와 전구체의 경우는 함량이 증가함에 따라 형성된 입자의 크기도 증가하였다. 유기 소재들과의 혼합시 계면 특성 향상을 위해 제조된 친수성의 나노실리카를 $\gamma-MPS$와 반응시켜 소수성의 나노실리카 입자를 제조하였다 실리카 입자 크기가 작을수록 단위 질량당 존재하는 $\gamma-MPS$의 함량은 많았지만, 단위 표면적당 존재하는 $\gamma-MPS$의 양은 실리카 입자의 크기에 영향을 받지 않았다. $\gamma-MPS$로 표면 처리된 실리카 입자의 고분자계 치아수복용 레진 내에서의 분산성은 표면 처리되지 않은 실리카에 비해 크게 향상되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.530-536
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• 2023

The theoretical capacity of silicon-based anode materials is more than 10 times higher than the capacity of graphite, so silicon can be used as an alternative to graphite anode materials. However, silicon has a much higher contraction and expansion rate due to lithiation of the anode material during the charge and discharge processes, compared to graphite anode materials, resulting in the pulverization of silicon particles during repeated charge and discharge. To compensate for the above issues, there is a growing interest in SiO_x materials with a silica or carbon coating to minimize the expansion of the silicon. In this study, spherical silica (SiO₂) was synthesized using TEOS as a starting material for the fabrication of such SiO_x through heating in a reduction atmosphere. SiO_x powder was produced by adding PVA as a carbon source and inducing the reduction of silica by the carbothermal reduction method. The ratio of TEOS to distilled water, the stirring time, and the amount of PVA added were adjusted to induce size and morphology, resulting in uniform nanosized spherical silica particles. For the reduction of the spherical monodisperse silica particles, a nitrogen gas atmosphere mixed with 5 % hydrogen was applied, and oxygen atoms in the silica were selectively removed by the carbothermal reduction method. The produced SiO_x powder was characterized by FE-SEM to examine the morphology and size changes of the particles, and XPS and FT-IR were used to examine the x value (O/Si ratio) of the synthesized SiO_x.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2011

The monodisperse spherical $SiO_2$ particles were overcoated with $Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ phosphor layers via a Pechini sol-gel process and the resulting $SiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ core-shell phosphors were subsequently annealed at $800^{\circ}C$ at an ambient atmosphere. The crystallographic structure, morphology, and luminescent property of core-shell structured $SiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and photoluminescence (PL). The spherical, nonagglomerated $SiO_2$ particles prepared by a Stober method exhibited a relatively narrow size distribution in the range of 260-300 nm. The thickness of phosphor shell layer in the core-shell particles can be facilely controlled by varying the coating number of $Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ phosphors. The core-shell structured $SiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ phosphors showed a strong red emission, which was dominated by the $^5D_0-^7F_2$ transition (610 nm) of $Eu^{3+}$ ion under the ultraviolet excitation (263 nm). The PL emission properties of $SiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ phosphors were also compared with pure $Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ nanophosphors.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.596-610
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• 2021

스토버 방식에 의한 구형 단분산 입자와 에멀젼 액적을 미세 반응기로 활용하여 합성한 주름진 표면을 갖는 실리카 입자 및 거대 기공을 갖는 다공질 실리카 입자를 커플링제로 표면 개질하여 흡착제로 활용하였다. 아민기를 포함하는 실란 또는 타이타네이트 커플링제를 활용하여 기존의 실리카 재료로는 흡착이 어려웠었던 중금속과 음이온성 염료에 대한 흡착력이 향상된 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 음이온 염료에 대한 흡착에서는 APTES로 표면 개질한 다공질 실리카가 흡착 효율이 가장 높은 결과를 나타내었고, 중금속 구리에 대한 흡착 결과는 AAPTS로 표면 개질한 다양한 실리카 분말에서 모두 100%에 가까운 흡착 효율을 얻을 수 있었다.