• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.631-641
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• 2021

Background: Main bioactive constituents and pharmacological functions of ripened red ginseng berry (Panax ginseng Meyer) have been frequently reported. Yet, the research gap targeting the beneficial activities of transformed green ginseng berries has not reported elsewhere. Methods: Ginsenosides of new green berry cultivar K-1 (GK-1) were identified by HPLC-QTOF/MS. Ginsenosides bioconversion in GK-1 by bgp1 enzyme was confirmed with HPLC and TLC. Then, mechanisms of GK-1 and β-glucosidase (bgp1) biotransformed GK-1 (BGK-1) were determined by Quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Western blot. Results: GK-1 possesses highest ginsenosides especially ginsenoside-Re amongst seven ginseng cultivars including (Chunpoong, Huangsuk, Kumpoong, K-1, Honkaejong, Gopoong, and Yunpoong). Ginseng root's biomass is not affected with the harvest of GK-1 at 3 weeks after flowering period. Then, Re is bioconverted into a promising pharmaceutical effect of Rg2 via bgp1. According to the results of cell assays, BGK-1 shows decrease of tyrosinase and melanin content in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone challenged-murine melanoma B16 cells. BGK-1 which is comparatively more effective than GK-1 extract shows significant suppression of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and inflammatory target genes, in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion: These results reported effective whitening and anti-inflammatory of BGK-1 as compared to GK-1.

• Korean small business review
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.245-274
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• 2020

The 4th Industrial Revolution is rapidly changing the business environment and enterprises are required to accelerate various innovative activities for sustainable competitiveness. Recently corporate entrepreneurship is widely spread to organization for establishing innovative corporate culture and stimulating corporate ventures. However, many enterprises are not successful and productive due to lack of readiness of corporate entrepreneruship. Therefore, finding the factors influencing corporate entreprensurship, innovative activities and business performance is a very important research issues. A research model and hypothesis are developed by through literature review to analyze positive effects of corporate entrepreneurship to corporate performance and influential effects of factors such as innovation-based efforts at the organizational level, vision and organizational strategies and innovative operating system to corporate entrepreneurship and business performance. The result of Entrepreneurship Survey with Corporates conducted by Korea Entrepreneurship Foundation in 2017 is used for the research sample. Hypothesis test used 1,326 samples and the structural equation modeling is applied. The results show that corporate entrepreneurship improves innovative idea activity performance and business performance. And, establishing innovative vision and strategies and innovative organizational culture enhances corporate entrepreneurship. In addition, it was confirmed that the innovative operational system has a moderating effect that strengthens the positive influence relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and innovative idea performance. The results of this study have implications for previous research on corporate entrepreneurship in Korea by presenting the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and business performance and the multilateral relationships between innovative organizational structure and corporate entrepreneurship.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.403-413
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• 2021

Background and objective: There is growing concern about the effects of modern society on mental health, coming with Covid-19-related caveats on depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS). This can be a subject to provide alternative methods which alleviate DAS. In line with this context, sensory gardens are widely acknowledged to stimulate the five major senses (sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell) and can have a significant (positive) impact on mental health. However, there is limited empirical evidence on the effect of these gardens with regard to alleviating DAS - particularly with respect to urban society This is a gab in knowledge how such limits can be addressed. Accordingly, this present study is clearly needed in order to verify if there are any correlations between sensory gardens and (positive) effects on DAS. The aim of this study was therefore to understand current levels of DAS in a high density building with a sensory garden in a courtyard and determine correlations between experiences in the sensory courtyard and levels of DAS. Methods: The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was employed to test the level of DAS. Results: Additionally, 13 different factors associated with experiences in the building, including the stimulation of the five major senses in the sensory courtyard, were measured to reveal their contribution to mitigating depression, anxiety, and stress. It is noted that the average levels of DAS were 7.91, 7.77 and 9.01 respectively indicating that the mental health of participants requires mental health management. However, results show that factors associated with the sensory courtyard could improve mental health. For example, new social relationships, walking with colleagues, and the stimulation of each of the five major senses in the sensory garden could improve DAS. Conclusion: This illustrates that external experiences are more effective at mitigating depression, anxiety, and stress than internal ones. Factor analysis revealed four components: stimulating the five senses; internal and external facilities; internet-based device use; and new social relationships. There was a strong positive correlation between new social relationships and walking with colleagues. There were also strong positive correlations among the stimulation of each of the five senses. In conclusion, there are strong indications that sensory courtyards can help alleviate DAS and should therefore be promoted, particularly in the current Covid-19 situation wherein the physical and mental health of the public at large are threatened. Accordingly, courtyard design should be rethought in light of the relationship between the positive impact of sensory gardens and mental health.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.297-304
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics and theatricality of everyday plays in Thornton Wilder's Our Town, and to re-examine this work that makes us recognize the importance of everyday life in the COVID-19 era. This work seeks to find a certain value in very trivial events with the subject matter of everyday life such as birth, love and marriage, and death. Grovers Corners, the background of this work, symbolizes the town and the universe where everyone lives today, and the action spans from 1901 to 1913, and this action shows universality in everyday life that takes place even today. Wilder won a second Pulitzer Prize for this work and is a leading figure in non-realist theater. Using an empty stage as the basic frame, this work shows theatricalism, a theory that acknowledges that the action on the stage is not true and shows that fact to the audience. In addition, he leads actors to act with mime instead of props, stimulating the audience's imagination and making them think of props that are not on stage as if they really exist. This work is an everyday play that makes people realize the importance of everyday life, and it has the effect of creating an opportunity for the audience to reflect on the play and life while keeping a distance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.787-797
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to confirm the reduction of pain and symptom relief of Parkinson's disease by vertically stimulating the spine through the application of a mechanical bed capable of thermal and massage stimulation. For this purpose, after confirming the segmental motion of the spine due to the use of a medical combination stimulation bed for Parkinson's disease patients, VAS, ODI, gait ability, and spiral drawing tests were performed, and the relationship between the variables was identified. In the 10-day visual analog scale and evaluation of low back pain dysfunction, the average trend of decreasing after bed use was confirmed. For walking ability, a decrease in the moving time and an increase in the moving distance were observed. In the spiral drawing test, the mean test time after using bed was significantly lower than before. As a result, it suggested the possibility of using it as an auxiliary method for recovery and pain relief of Parkinson's disease patients due to spinal segmental movement with mechanical heating and massage. However, this study is a preliminary study, and there is a small number of subjects, so additional research is needed that considers the number and condition of future subjects in detail.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2017

Objectives : Yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) possess various nutrients, it has been widely used as traditional cosmetic material in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-oxidant activity and the anti-melanogenic effect of Yambean (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract and its fractions. Methods : The anti-oxidant activity of yam bean extract assessed based on total polyphenol, flavonoid contents, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. To evaluate anti-melanogenic effects and cytotoxicity of Yambean extract and its fractions, B16F10 melanoma cell was used. Results : In results, total polyphenol content of yam bean water extract (YW) and Yambean 70% ethanol extract (YE) were $1.18{\pm}0.03mg/g$ (mg of gallic acid/g of sample), $1.16{\pm}0.01mg/g$. Total flavonoid contents of YW, YE were $3.55{\pm}0.06mg/g$ (mg of naringin/g of sample), $1.78{\pm}0.03mg/g$. Moreover, YE scavenged DPPH and ABTS effectively in $4mg/m{\ell}$ compared to YW. Cytotoxicity of YE and its fractions in B16F10 melanoma cell was measured using MTT assays. It had no cytotoxicity up to $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Melanin accumulation in B16F10 melanoma cell was induced using alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). B16F10 melanoma cell treated with $10-500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ YE and hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, $H_2O$ fractions for 24h. Non treated B16F10 melanoma cell (Control) markedly increased melanin contents. In contrast, YE ethylacetate fraction effectively suppressed melanin accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion : In conclusion, these results suggest that Yambean extract has the potential as a cosmetic material which possess anti-oxidant and anti-melanogenic activities.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Objectives : Silkworm is known as immunomodulatory substances and contain various bioactive compounds such as serine, tyrosine and alanine. The aim of this study was to investigated the immunopotentiating activity of combine extract that silkworm and food materials (Eucommia ulmoides, Angelica gigas, Acanthopanax, Allium hookeri, Cinnamomum cassia, Liriope platyphylla, Curcuma longa, Achyranthes japonica, Alpinia oxyphylla, Adenophora triphylla). Methods : Among 10 kinds of food materials, to select food materials with the effect of enhancing the immune function mouse splenocyte proliferation ability was measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y]-2,5-diphenyl terazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Then, combine extract of silkworm and food materials were evaluated that mouse splenocyte proliferation ability by EZ-cytox cell viability assay. Morever, cytokines production such as IL-2, IL-4, IL10, IL12, $IFN-{\gamma}$ on mouse T lymphocyte stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA) was measured. Results : Eucommia ulmoides, Acanthopanax, Allium hookeri, Cinnamomum cassia, Liriope platyphylla has high proliferation ability of mouse splenocyte compared with Curcuma longa, Achyranthes japonica, Alpinia oxyphylla, Adenophora triphylla. The silkworm and food material combined extract has a relatively high proliferation ability of mouse splenocyte proliferation when the silkworm and food materials are used as a single material. In particularly, combined extract of silkworm and Cinnamomum cassia was stimulate cytokine production on T lymphocyte such as IL12, $IFN-{\gamma}$. Combined extract of silkworm and Liriope platyphylla was stimulate cytokine production on T lymphocyte such as IL2, IL4, IL10. Conclusion : In conclusion, the combined extract of the silkworm and Cinnamomum cassia or Liriope platyphylla may enhance immune function by regulating mouse splenocyte proliferation and stimulating cytokine production.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.136-153
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• 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out whether east asian herbal medicine (EAHM) treatment alone is effective in improving pregnancy-related indicators compared to conventional medicine in women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR). Methods: We searched eligible studies from PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, CiNii, Korean Medical Database, Korean Studies Information Service System, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, ScienceOn. GRADE pro was used to evaluate the current evidence of the study. Result: A total of 5 studies, 325 women with DOR were included. EAHM showed a significant effect on improvement of pregnancy rate (n=270, RR 2.13 [95% CI 1.44 to 3.15], Z=3.78, p=0.0002, I2=0%) and Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) level (n=211, SMD 0.82 [95% CI 0.40 to 1.25], Z=3.80, p=0.0001) compared to conventional medicine. In ovulation rate (n=156, RR 0.86 [95% CI 0.70 to 1.06], Z=1.43, p=0.15, I2=0%), Antral Follicle Count (n=245, SMD 0.27 [95% CI -0.25 to 0.79], Z=1.01, p=0.31), and follicle stimulating hormone (n=245, SMD 0.29 [95% CI -0.13 to 0.70], Z=1.36, p=0.17) level, EAHM showed similar effects to conventional medicine. In this study, the most frequently used herbal medicines were Cuscutae Semen, Dipsaci Radix, and Angelicae Gigantis Radix. Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that EAHM could improve pregnancy rates and AMH levels in women with DOR. However, more well-designed RCTs will have to be performed further in the future.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.639-652
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• 2022

The prolyl 3-hydroxylase family member 4 (P3H4), is associated with post-translational modification of fibrillar collagens and aberrantly activated in cancer leading to tumor progression. However, its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is still unknown. Here we reported that P3H4 was highly expressed in renal cancer tissues and significantly positive correlated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of P3H4 inhibited the proliferation, migration and metastasis of renal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and also, overexpression of it enhanced the oncogenic process. Mechanistically, P3H4 depletion decreased the levels of GDF15-MMP9 axis and repressed its downstream signaling. Further functional studies revealed that inhibition of GDF15 suppressed renal cancer cell growth and GDF15 recombinant human protein (rhGDF15) supplementation effectively rescued the inhibitory effect induced by P3H4 knockdown. Moreover, decreased levels of MMP9 caused by inhibition of P3H4-GDF15 signaling constrained the expression of PD-L1 and suppression of P3H4 accordingly promoted anti-tumor immunity via stimulating the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in syngeneic mice model. Taken together, our findings firstly demonstrated that P3H4 promotes ccRCC progression by activating GDF15-MMP9-PD-L1 axis and targeting P3H4-GDF15-MMP9 signaling pathway can be a novel strategy of controlling ccRCC malignancy.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-27
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• 2019

It is possible to provide Smart Tourism Service through the development of information technology. It is necessary for the tourism industry to understand and utilize Big Data that has tourists' consumption patterns and service usage patterns in order to continuously create a new business model by converging with other industries. This study suggests to activate Jeju Smart Tourism by analyzing Big Data based on credit card usage records and location of tourists in Jeju. The results of the study show that First, the percentage of Chinese tourists visiting Jeju has decreased because of the effect of THAAD. Second, Consumption pattern of Chinese tourists is mostly occurring in the northern areas where airports and duty-free shops are located, while one in other regions is very low. The regional economy of Jeju City and Seogwipo City shows a overall stagnation, without changes in policy, existing consumption trends and growth rates will continue in line with regional characteristics. Third, we need a policy that young people flow into by building Jeju Multi-complex Mall where they can eat, drink, and go shopping at once because the number of young tourists and the price they spend are increasing. Furthermore, it is necessary to provide services for life-support related to weather, shopping, traffic, and facilities etc. through analyzing Wi-Fi usage location. Based on the results, we suggests the marketing strategies and public policies for understanding Jeju tourists' patterns and stimulating Jeju tourism industry.