• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 1960

In order to know the effect on the growth of experimental rats, this, this experimental rats, this experiment was carried out on two groups of rats-a rice-diet animal group and a stock-diet animal group. Results of the growth experiment are shown in the tables 3 and 4, and growth curves are shown in the figures 1 and 2. The growth curves are shown in the figures 3 and 4. Based on the statistical analysis of growth rats, the male group on stock-diet was stimulated significantly in its growth by adding antler. The female group on rice-diet was also significantly stimulated in growth by anter. The other groups are not significant but it seems likely that the growths wers stimulated. As shown in table 7, the numbers of days when the body weight of the animals in each group became two times, three times, three times, and four times are discussed. This method of analysis shows clearly the stimulation of growth by adding antler in each group in both sexes. It can be summarized that the antler stimulates the growth of the experimental rats but it is not discussed in this paper whether this stimulation in the growth might be due to calcium, vitamins and amino acids in antler or to an unknown growth factor.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2000

This study was carried out to determine the effect of sound stimulation on growth performance, feeding behaviour and egg production of laying hens. A total of 180 laying hens(4 weeks old) were alloted to 18 cages with 10hens per cage and 6 cages per treatment. Laying hens were exposed to three sounds: control, Leq 50dB and Leq 75dB. The growth performance was measured fro m4 weeks to 17 weeks of age, feeding behaviour was observed at 5weeks, 7weeks, 10weeks and 50 weeks of age using data from real-time videotapes, while eg production was recorded from 20 weeks to 50 weeks of age. Growth performance was improved in the sound stimulated laying hens from 12 weeks to 17 weeks of age. In the 50dB simulated laying hens spent more longer time for feeding than others during the experimental period. Egg production of 50dB stimulated laying hens from 20 weeks to 50 weeks was higher than others, however 75dB stimulated laying hens were significantly lower than 50dB stimulated hens(P<0.05). The results indicated that the growth and egg production of egg type chicken can be influenced by sound stimulation through physiological rhythm.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.310-315
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• 2015

Certain bacterial species associate with plant roots in soil. The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) stimulate plant growth and yield in greenhouse and field. Here, we examined whether application of known bacilli PGPR strains stimulated growth and asexual reproduction in the succulent plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana. Four PGPR strains B. amyloliquefaciens IN937a, B. cereus BS107, B. pumilus INR7, and B. subtilis GB03 were applied to young plantlets by soil-drenching, and plant growth and development was monitored for three months. Aerial growth was significantly stimulated in PGPR-inoculated plants, which was observed as increases in plant height, shoot weight, and stem width. The stimulated growth influenced plant development by increasing the total number of leaves per plant. Treatment with bacilli also increased the total root biomass compared with that of control plants, and led to a 2-fold increase in asexual reproduction and plantlet formation on the leaf. Collectively, our results firstly demonstrate that Bacillus spp. promote vegetative development of K. daigremontiana, and the enhanced growth stimulates asexual reproduction and plantlet formation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1103-1108
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of cadmium on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana when they were treated with different concentrations of cadmium. The growth of stem was stimulated in the concentrations up to fifty times higher than the official standard concentration of cadmium of pollutant exhaust notified by the Ministry of Environment, but it decreased in the concentration one hundred fifty times or more higher in proportion to the degree of concentration. The growth of root was similar to that of stem, except that the decrease was gradual in the concentration fifty times or more higher. The growth of leaf was almost the same as that of stem, that is, it was stimulated the increase of leaf surface area in the concentration fifty times higher, but decreased in the concentration one hundred fifty times or more higher in proportion to the degree of concentration. The fresh weights of the plants were increased in accord with the degree of growth of the stem and leaf. Concentration of cadmium accumulated in the plants was increased in proportion to the concentration of cadmium. These results show that the growth of plants was stimulated in the soil polluted by cadmium up to fifty times higher than the official standard concentration, but it was decreased in proportion to the degree of concentration in the plants grown in the presence of cadmium more than one hundred fifty times.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 1998

The experiment was performed to elucidate the effect of simulated acrid rain on growth of the seven crops(caucus carota vu sativa DC. , Fagopyrum esculenkm Moench, Brassica cmpespis subsp. napus var. pekinensis Makino , Raphuus satlws vu. hortensis for. acnMormis Makino, Brassica dbogjabra Bailey, Caphslcum mum L., and Perilla frutescens Britton). The pH levels of simulated acid rain ranged pH 3.1, 3.6, 4.1, 4.6, 5.1 and 5.6. The germination 10 each crop was influenced from stimulated acrid rain except buckwheat and kale. A general decrease of growth in crops was observed with Increasing pH concentrations. The pattern of soluble protein was observed a tendency to decrease from acidic pH eradlents. According to acidity, total DNA contents of each crop was showed a definite reduction. In conclusion, plant growth was stimulated decreasln and the chanties of total Protein Patterns and BNA contents extracted from leaves trended with stimulated acrid rain was showed seriously.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.195-199
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• 1991

The effects or polyamines on growth, anthocyanin contents and $\beta$-glucan synthetase(GSII) activity in carrot hairy root were studied. Growth of hairy root was stimulated somewhat when each polyamine concentration was treated, especially addition of 1mM spermidine resulted in about 20% increase. On the whole, the axial diameter of hairy root was increased in response to increase in concentration of polyamine. On the other hand, GSII activity was stimulated in response to increase in concentration of polyamine, especially addition of 1mM spermine resulted in about 100% increase of activity. Therefore increased activity of GSII stimulated growth and thickness of hairy root. Anthocyanin contents were not affected by the polyammine.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.521-525
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Artemisinin (AT), an active compound in Arternisia annua, is well known as an anti-malaria drug. It is also known to have several effects including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer activities. To date, the effect of AT on vascular disorders has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of AT on the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB). MATERIALS/METHODS: Aortic smooth muscle cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats. PDGF-BB stimulated VSMC migration was measured by the scratch wound healing assay and the Boyden chamber assay. Cell viability was determined by using an EZ-Cytox Cell Viability Assay Kit. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PDGF-BB stimulated VSMC was measured through $H_2DCF$-DA staining. We also determined the expression levels of signal proteins relevant to ROS, including measures of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 measured by western blot analysis and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: AT ($10{\mu}M$ and $30{\mu}M$) significantly reduced the proliferation and migration of PDGF-BB stimulated VSMC in a dose-dependent manner. The production of ROS, normally induced by PDGF-BB, is reduced by treatment with AT at both concentrations. PDGF-BB stimulated VSMC treated with AT ($10{\mu}M$ and $30{\mu}M$) have reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and inhibited MMP9 expression compared to untreated PDGF-BB stimulated VSMC. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest, based on these results, that AT may exert an anti-atherosclerotic effect on PDGF-BB stimulated VSMCs by inhibiting their proliferation and migration through down-regulation of ERK1/2 and MMP9 phosphorylation.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.543-548
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• 2006

The effects of food grade fructooligosaccharide (FOS), isomaltooligosaccharide (MOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), and inulin on the growth of five strains of bifidobacteria in fermented milk were investigated. Their effect on culture viability during refrigerated storage was also determined. FOS showed the highest growth-promoting activity for all bifidobacteria except for Bifidobacterium bifidum. Growth rates of B. adolescentis, B. breve, and B. infantis were stimulated by oligosaccharides and inulin, whereas B. longum growth was stimulated by the oligosaccharides but not inulin. In contrast, growth of B. bifidum was enhanced only by inulin. Both acetic and lactic acid production by Bifidobacterium spp. was also enhanced in the presence of 5.0% oligosaccharides. The viability of bifidobacteria cultured with oligosaccharides and inulin, particularly with FOS, was significantly higher than control cultures after 4 weeks of refrigerated storage. The utilization of oligosaccharides is likely to enhance the growth rate, activity, and viability of bifidobacteria.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.421-426
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• 2015

The increased potential for vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth is a key abnormality in the development of atherosclerosis and post-angioplasty restenosis. Abnormally high activity of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is believed to play a central role in the etiology of these pathophysiological situations. Here, we investigated the anti-proliferative effects and possible mechanism(s) of murrayafoline A, a carbazole alkaloid isolated from Glycosmis stenocarpa Guillamin (Rutaceae), on PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs. Murrayafoline A inhibited the PDGF-BB-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner, as measured using a non-radioactive colorimetric WST-1 assay and direct cell counting. Furthermore, murrayafoline A suppressed the PDGF-BB-stimulated progression through $G_0/G_1$ to S phase of the cell cycle, as measured by [$^3H$]-thymidine incorporation assay and cell cycle progression analysis. This anti-proliferative action of murrayafoline A, arresting cell cycle progression at $G_0/G_1$ phase in PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs, was mediated via down-regulation of the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2, CDK4, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb). These results indicate that murrayafoline A may be useful in preventing the progression of vascular complications such as restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and atherosclerosis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.386-389
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• 2011

Previous studies have confirmed that fermented whey produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides CJNU 0147 or Lactobacillus casei CJNU 0588 display bifidogenic growth stimulator (BGS) activity. The present study sought to determine if the strain itself can improve the growth of bifidobacteria in co-cultures. In reinforced clostridial medium (RCM), both strains stimulated the growth of a Bifidobacterium lactis strain during the exponential phase and also stimulated the growth during almost all growth phases in whey broth. Fermented whey containing viable Leu. mesenteroides CJNU 0147 and L. casei CJNU 0588 cells maintained viability of the B. lactis strain stored at $10^{\circ}C$ in MRS broth. Viable cell count of the B. lactis strain without the fermented whey was decreased to 5.6 log cfu/mL after 15 days, whereas that of the strain with the fermented whey was slightly increased to 7.1 log cfu/mL as compared with initial viable cell count of 6.9 log cfu/mL.