• 소음진동
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1145-1151
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• 1999

Sensitivity analysis and structural modification technique are used to reduce the interior noise of a passenger car. The sensitivity analysis for the noise level at the rear seat shows that the stiffness change at the front lower member and the rear roof rail are sensitive. Using the structural modification method, we verified that the reinforcements at those members decrease the noise transfer function from the body to the rear seat. The combined application of the sensitivity analysis and structural modification method can decrease the noise level effectively.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2001

This paper is conducted to compare the seismic design standard of a bridge column such as the Korean Bridge Design Standard(KBDS), EC 8, NZS 3101 and ATC 32. The KBDS adopted the seismic design requirements in 1992. The earthquake magnitude in Korea is compared with those in the west coast of the USA. It may be said that the current seismic design requirements of the KBDS provides design results, that are too conservative especially for transverse reinforcement details and amounts in reinforced concrete columns. This fact usually creates construction problems in concrete casting, due to congestion of transverse reinforcement. Furthermore, the effective stiffness; $I_{eff}$ depends on both the axial load P/$A_gF_{ck}$ and the longitudinal reinforcement ratio $A_{st}/A_g, so it is the conservative to use the effective stiffness I$_{eff}$ than the gross section stiffness Ig. Seismic design for the transverse reinforcement content of the concrete column was analyzed and considered to have an extreme-fiber compression strain, response modification factor, axial load and effective stiffness etc.c.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.389-403
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• 2021

Skewed bridges, being irregular structures with complicated dynamic behavior, are more susceptible to earthquake damage. Reliable seismic-resistant design of skewed bridges can be achieved by accurate determination of nonlinear seismic demands. However, the effect of geometric characteristics on the response modification factor (R-factor) is not accounted for in bridge design practices. This study attempts to investigate the effects of changes in the number of spans, skew angle and bearing stiffness on R-factor values and to assess the seismic fragility of skewed bridges. Results indicated that changes in the skew angle had no significant effect on R-factor values which were in consonance with code-prescribed R values. Also, unlike the increase in the number of spans that resulted in a decrease in the R-factor, the increase in bearing stiffness led to higher R-factor values. Findings of the fragility analysis implied that although the increase in the number of spans, as well as the increase in the skew angle, led to a higher failure probability, greater values of bearing stiffness reduced the collapse probability. For practicing design engineers, it is recommended that maximum demands on substructure elements to be calculated when the excitation angle is applied along the principal axes of skewed bridges.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.99-108
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• 1999

A four-degree-of-freedom non-linear model with time varying mesh stiffness has been developed for the dynamic analysis of spur gear trains. The model includes a spur gear pair, two shafts, two inertias representing load and prime mover. In the model, developed several factors such as time varying mesh stiffness and damping, separation of teeth, teeth collision, various gear errors and profile modifications have been considered. Two computer programs are developed to calculate stiffness of a gear pair and transmission error and the dynamic analysis of modeled system using time integration method. Dynamic tooth and mesh forces, dynamic factors are calculated. Numerical examples have been given, which shows the time varying mesh stiffness ha a significant effect upon the dynamic tooth force and torsional vibrations.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2016

Numerous buildings have been damaged or destroyed in previous earthquakes by developing soft storey. Almost all the seismic codes have provisions to prevent soft storey in structures, most of them have recommended the ratio of stiffness between adjacent storeys, but none of them has proposed the method to calculate the storey stiffness. On the other hand a great number of previous researches on stiffness have been focused on approximate methods and accurate methods by using analytical softwares have been almost neglected. In this study, six accurate methods for calculating the storey stiffness have been studied on 246 two-bay reinforced concrete frames. It is shown with the results of the statistical study and structural analysis that method 3 in which there is no modification of the original model and the forces with triangular distribution similar to seismic forces are applied to the center of mass of all storeys has acceptable accuracy and desirable efficiency for designing and controlling structures.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.87-97
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• 1995

2차원 유한요소 모델의 동일한 형상과 하중 조건에 있어서 6절점 요소의 굽힘 강성은 8절점 요소의 굽힘 강성보다 더 크게 나타난다. 이와 같은 현상은 3차원 16절점 요소와 20절점 요소에서도 나타나며, 완전 요소의 중간 절점들을 제거하므로 인하여 나타난다. 따라서 이 현상을 상대적 강성강화 현상이라 할 수 있다. 강성강화 현상을 보정하기 위한 매우 효과적인 방법으로 가우스 적분점 수정법을 도출하였으며, 이 방법은 확장적인 강성과 같이 다른 종류의 강성을 변화시키지 않으며, 또한 패취시험을 통과하였다. 적분점 수정량은 재료의 포아송비의 함수로 나타나며, 2차원 평면응력 상태와 평면변형율 상태에 대한 두개의 수정식을 구하였고, 또한 3차원 고체요소에 대하여 확장하였다. 가우스 적분점 수정법의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 보와 판의 자유 및 강제운동 문제를 해석하였으며, 등방성 적층 보와 판에 대해서도 단층보와 단층판과 같은 방법으로 적용하여 그 효율성을 입증하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.25-30
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• 2002

To reduce the vibration of a gear driving system, the modification of gear tooth from the orignal involute gear profile is usually done in gear manufacturers. The quantity of tooth modification has been decided on the basis of the interference between two gear teeth during gear meshing and the elastic deformation due to loading. However, the dynamic characteristics with tooth modification has to be investigated to avoid the instability to the variation of gear meshing stiffness and the nonlinearity due to gear backlash which results in sub- or super-harmonics in its responses. This research shows the dynamic characteristics with various tooth modifications in its type and quantity.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.688-693
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• 2003

To reduce the vibration of a gear driving system. the modification of gear tooth from the orignal involute gear profile is usually done in gear manufacturers. The quantity of tooth modification has been decided on the basis of the interference between two gear teeth during gear meshing and the elastic deformation due to loading. However. the dynamic characteristics with tooth modification has to be investigated to avoid the instability to the variation of gear meshing stiffness and the nonlinearity due to gear backlash which results in sub- or super-harmonics in its responses. This research shows the dynamic characteristics with various tooth modifications in its type and quantity.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 Proceedings of the Korea Automatic Control Conference, 11th (KACC); Pohang, Korea; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.8-11
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• 1996

In impedance control for contact force tracking it is well known that the reference trajectory of the robot is calculated from known environment stiffness. The accuracy of estimating the environment stiffness determines the performance of the resulting force tracking. Here we present a simple technique, called the trajectory modification technique(TMT), of determining the reference trajectory under the condition that the environment stiffness is unknown. Computer simulation studies have shown that force tracking using the proposed technique is excellent for unknown environment with time varying stiffness.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.82-88
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• 1997

This paper derives the generalized stiffness to find dynamic characteristics and its derivatives of a continuous system. And a new sensitivity analysis method is presented by using the amount of change of generalized stiffness and vibrational mode caused by the variation of stiffness. In this paper, to get or detect appropriate results, cantilever beam and stepped beam and stepped beam are used. Deviations of sensitivity coefficient, natural frequency, and vibrational mode are calculated as result, and compared with the theoretical exact values.