• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.423-428
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• 2010

This study shows the effects of deionized (DI) rinse and oxide HF wet etch processes on silicon substrate during a photolithography process. We found a fail at the wafer center after DI rinse step, called Si pits, during the fabrication of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) device. We tried to find out the mechanism of the Si pits by using the silicon wafer on CMOS fabrication and analyzing the effects of the friction charge induced by the DI rinsing. The key parameters of this experiment were revolution per minute (rpm) and time. An incubation time of above 10 sec was observed for the formation of Si pits and the rinsing time was more effective than rpm on the formation of the Si pits. The formation mechanism of the Si pits and optimized rinsing process parameters were investigated by measuring the charging level using a plasma density monitor. The DI rinse could affect the oxide substrate by a friction charging phenomenon on the photolithography process. Si pits were found to be formed on the micro structural defective site on the Si substrate under acceleration by developed and accumulated charges during DI rinsing. The optimum process conditions of DI rinse time and rpm could be established through a systematic study of various rinsing conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.226-229
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• 2005

In this study, a step-down piezoelectric transformer was fabricated to utilize as an adapter for charging batteries of mobile electronic appliances. The ceramic part of the transformer is $Pb[(Mn_{1/3}Sb_{2/3})_{0.05}Zr_{0.475}Ti_{0.475}]O_3$ with mechanical quality factor of 1600, electromechanical coupling coefficient 59 %, and piezoelectric constant d33 1300, which can be utilized as a piezoelectric transformer. A simply fabricated disk-typed test pattern of diameter 28 mm and thickness 2 mm was used to characterize resonant frequency, Qm, kp according to the different input/output electrode area. efficiency and power as a function of load resistance was also investigated. The sample APT showed some spurious mode and BPT showed better frequency property. Taking all properties which are admittance, effective electromechanical coupling coefficient and mechanical quality factor most suitable for piezoelectric transformer is BPT which has 12 mm diameter electrode and the condition of 15 Vrms, 30 $\Omega$ made the maximum efficiency of 93.7 % and maximum power is 6W with 50 Vrms.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.248-254
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• 2013

The size and power consumption of digital circuits including the dimming circuit part will increase for high-performance solid state lighting (SSL) systems in the future. This study examined the low-power consumption of adiabatic dynamic CMOS logic (ADCL) due to the principles of adiabatic charging. Furthermore, the designed low-power ADCL digital pulse width modulation (PWM) was optimized for SSL dimming systems. For this purpose, an ADCL digital 3-bit PWM was optimized in two steps. In the first step, the architecture of the ADCL digital 3-bit PWM was miniaturized. In the second step, the clock cut-off circuit was designed and added to the ADCL PWM. As a result, compared to the original configuration, 60 transistors and 15 capacitors of ADCL digital 3-bit PWM were reduced for miniaturization. Moreover, the clock cut-off circuit, which controls wake-up and sleep mode of ADCL D-FFs, was designed. The power consumption of an optimized ADCL digital PWM for all bit patterns decreased by 54 %.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.417-422
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• 1997

This paper proposed that a AC-DC Converter topology of high power factor with soft switching mode operates with four chopper connecting a number of parallel circuit. To improve these, a large number of soft switching topologies included a resonant circuit have been proposed. And, some simulative results on computer is included to confirm the validity of the analytical results. The partial resonant circuit makes use of a inductor using step up and a condenser of loss-less snubber. The result is that the switching loss is very low and the efficiency of system is high. And the snubber condenser used in partial resonant circuit makes charging engergy regenerated at input power source for resonant operation. The proposed conversion system is deemed the most suitable for high power applications where the power switching devices are used.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.189-192
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• 2001

This paper proposed that an AC-DC converter system using multiple buck-chopper operates with four choppers connecting to a number of parallel circuits. To improve these, a large number of soft switching topologies included a resonant circuit have been proposed. And, some simulative results on computer are included to confirm the validity of the analytical results. The partial resonant circuit makes use of an inductor using step-down and a condenser of loss-less snubber. The result is that the switching loss is very low and the efficiency of system is high. And the snubber condenser used in a partial resonant circuit makes charging energy regenerated at input power source for resonant operation. The proposed conversion system is deemed the most suitable for high power applications where the power switching devices are used.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 2003

Because of the advancement of digital computers and software technologies, simulation methods have been used to reduce time and costs. A lot of simulation methods have been developed for the improvement of charging efficiency on the intake and exhaust system of engines. In this study, as a basic step for the development of the gas flow simulation program for the intake and exhaust system, the gas flow in a pipe-orifice system was calculated with three algorithms(Method of Characteristics, MacCormack Method for conservation, and MacCoramck Method for nonconservation). The calculated results using three numerical algorithms were compared with measured result to verify the calculation accuracy.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2043-2050
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• 2017

This paper presents two MPC (Model Predictive Control) based charging and discharging algorithms of BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) for capacity firming of wind generation. To deal with the intermittency of the output of wind generation, a single BESS is employed. The proposed algorithms not only make the output of combined systems of wind generation and BESS track the predefined reference, but also keep the SoC (State of Charge) of BESS within its physical limitation. Since the proposed algorithms are both presented in simple if-then statements which are the optimal solutions of related optimization problems, they are both easy to implement in a real-time system. Finally, simulations of the two strategies are done using a realistic wind farm library and a BESS model. The results on both simulations show that the proposed algorithms effectively achieve capacity firming while fulfilling all physical constraints.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.951-954
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• 1998

This paper proposed that a high power AC-DC buck converter topology of high efficiency using loss-less snubber operates with four chopper connecting a number of parallel circuit. To improve these, a large number of soft switching topologies included a resonant circuit have been proposed. And, some simulative resutls on computer is included to confirm the validity of the analytical results. The partial resonant circuit makes use of a inductor using step-down and a condenser of loss-less snubber. The result is that the switching loss is very low and the efficiency of system is high. And the snubber condenser used in partial resonant circuit makes charging energy regenerated at input power source of rresonant operation. The proposed conversion system is deemed the most suitable for high power applications where the power switching devices are used.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1992.07a
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• pp.27-30
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• 1992

In this paper, we report the research activities of the technical committee of Electric Vehicle (EV). Recently, environmental pollution has become a world-wide problem. As a practical step to solve this problem, it is sincerely hoped that EVs will become widely used. Here in, we wish to describe an Electric Vehicle research facility with the objectives of developing motor propulsion technology, energy storage technology, control system, battery charging systems, and etc.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.167-181
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• 2001

A stepwise driving method was used for reducing the AC power consumption in a TFT-LCD. The AC power takes the largest portion of the total power consumption of a TFT-LCD. Experimental results confirmed that the AC power saving efficiency reached up to 75% when a 5-stepwise driving with each step time of $2\mu$ sec was applied to a 14.1 inch-diagonal XGA TFT-LCD. The second largest component of power consumption called the DC power comes from the quiescent currents in Op-amps. A simple and efficient architecture was proposed in this work to reduce this DC power consumption: Half of the Op-amps have the 5V-supplies, and the rest half have the 10V-supplies, and two Op-amps are shared by adjacent two channels. Measurements of test circuits showed that this simple method could reduce over 40% of the DC power consumption..