• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.4
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• pp.317-329
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• 1987

A comparative anatomy between the secondary xylem in the root and the stem of some Korean Lauraceae, including 6 genera and 7 species, was carried out in this study. The results are as follows; diameter and length of vessel element and fiber are wider and longer in the root than the stem. The angle of end wall of vessel element is more inclined in the root than the stem. Also more number of bar on the perforation plate of vessel element in root wood is found. From the anatomical characters of root and stem wood in some Lauraceous species, it is suggested that the wood of the root is phylogenetically mote primitive than that of the stem, except the diameter of vessel element.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.63-67
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• 1980

This study was carried out to seek the visible marker and make it easy to select the individuals or lines which have excellent characters. Ginseng plants of one to five years were used for this study, and agronomic characters, such as stem diameter. stem length, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length. stem weight, leaf weight, number of leaves, number of leaflets, main root length, root length, root diameter and root weight were determined and correlations among them were estimated. Generally, agronomic characters, such as stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, number of leaflets, leaf weight and stem weight had positive and highly significant correlations with root weight per plant, the character that has great influence on yield.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 1985

Dimensional variation of secondary xylem elements, such as vessel element and fiber, was investigated in root, stem and branch of Alnus hirsuta and A. firma. It is clear that vessel diameter in the root is the widest, next in the stem, and the least in the branch. Length of vessel element among them becomes, however, larger in following sequence; stem, root, and branch, whereas fiber diameter and length are the widest in the root, the second in the stem, and the least in the branch. The size of secondary xylem element at any one level in tree increases from the center (pith) of the organs through a number of annual rings to the outer.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.173-175
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• 2018

Stem cuttings of three Rubus species native to Korea were treated by two commercial root stimulation formula for propagation. Differences among the species was obvious, toot was induced relatively easily on R. hongnoensis. Fifty percent of stem rooted without any treatment on this species and two stimulators was effective to increase the root induction. On the other hand, two other species, R. schizostylus and R. ribisoideus, had very low percent of rooting. Treatment using root stimulators was effective but still lower than that of R. hongnoensis. Root induction was not influence by the medium that resulted no differences between two media.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.1369-1379
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• 2014

The physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of leaf, stem, and root of ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) were determined. Nutrient composition, reducing sugar, saponin, mineral, heavy metal, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities based on DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assay were measured. Catechins, gingerols, shogaols, and capsaicin compositions were also determined by HPLC. The contents of water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, and ash from ginger root were 6.4, 6.8, 3.2, 65.4, 7.3, and 18.2%, respectively. Crude fiber contents of leaf and stem were 4~5 times higher than those of root (P<0.05), and reducing sugar content of stem was about 3 times higher than those of root. Crude saponin contents were in the order of stem

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.380-384
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• 2006

Sprague-Dawley rats (n=32) were fed a diet containing basal (control), cellulose (5%), or alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) (5%) extracted from the stem and root barks of elm (Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai) for 4 weeks. The effects of the diets, on gastrointestinal functions and morphology were evaluated. The weight gains, food intake, and food efficiencies for the cellulose and AIR diet-fed groups were not significantly different from those of the AIR-free (basal) diet. The gastrointestinal transit times of the stem and root bark AIR diets were significantly reduced (p<0.01) compared to the basal diet, and were slower than those of the cellulose diet. The fecal weights of the stem and root bark AIR diets were significantly increased (p<0.01) up to 4-fold compared to those of the basal diet. The height of the mucosal villi, and mucosal and muscle layer thicknesses of the colon were greater and more developed in the stem and root bark AIR diets (p<0.01) than in the basal diet. The villus heights in the jejunum and the colon mucosal goblet cells were more developed in the order of cellulose > stem bark AIR > root bark AIR diets.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.81-84
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• 1979

Present studies were carried out to clarify the variation of agronomic characters of Panax ginseng (violet-stem variant and yellow-berry variant) and Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng). The variations of stem diameter. stem length, leaf width, root diameter. and root length of Panax quinquefolium were found to be more variable as compared with those of Panax ginseng. As for the variations of agronomic characters of Panax ginseng. violet-stem variant was more variable than yellow-berry variant. In Panax ginseng as well as Panax quinquefolium . the variability of stem length. leaf length, and root length was high. while the other agronomic characters showed comparatively low variability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.97-105
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• 2013

Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb. ex Murray) Koidz. is natively distributed in Korea. The importance of this species has been increased not only for high quality timber but for medicinal and edible uses. However, increasing market demand of K. septemlobus with illegal cutting and overexploitation has resulted in its rapid depletion and destruction of natural habitat. This study was conducted to understand the survival rate and growth characteristics of planted K. septemlobus seedlings with treatment of root pruning, stem cutting and planting density. The survival rate and growth of height and root-collar diameter for one- and two-year old seedlings with different planting densities were investigated in the clear-cut area of a Pinus densiflora stand for five years. One-year-old seedlings were treated with or without root pruning and planted with three density levels (5,000 trees $ha^{-1}$, 10,000 trees $ha^{-1}$, and 40,000 trees $ha^{-1}$). Two-year-old seedlings were treated with and without stem cutting and planted with the density of 5,000 trees $ha^{-1}$. The survival rate of one-year-old seedlings with root pruning treatment in the density of 10,000 trees $ha^{-1}$ was 92%, while that without root pruning in the density of 40,000 trees $ha^{-1}$ was 67% after five years. The height of one-year-old seedlings has been significantly affected only by planting density in the $5^{th}$ year. The survival rate of the two-year-old seedlings with stem cutting was 75.5% and greater than control (67.3%) in the $5^{th}$ year but no difference in height was shown between the two treatments from three years after plantation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.132-136
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• 2006

This study was carried out to study the effect of emergence type of multiple stem and main bud on the quality of fresh and red ginseng in Korean ginseng. To achieve the aim of this study, characteristics of roots and quality factors were investigated. Single stem plants were 62.9% of the total samples, and the remainder(37.1%) were multiple stem plants. The number of stems affected considerably on root weight. Root weight of triple stem type with triple main bud was the largest among the types. As the number of stem per plant increased, the root quality became worse. In both single and multiple stem, the more the number of main buds was, the lower the quality grade was. Yield of the red ginseng was about 30%, showing little difference between single stem and multiple stem plant. As the number of stem increased, yield of Bonsam decreased. The quality grade of red ginseng of single stem was better than that of multiple stem. Multiple stem plant produced relatively more Yangsam and Japsam. As the number of main bud increased, the quality grade of ginseng decreased.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.278-289
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• 1996

This paper aims to probe the effect of Rosa rugosa, Thunbergii which streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats was examined by glucose contents, body weight, kidney weight and histological observation. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The glucose level is decreased in the adminstered group of the Rosa rugosa compared with control group. These effects are in order named root group, stem group and leaf group group. BUN is increased fold of 1.52 in the control group compared with normal group, but the administered group of Rosa rugosa are decreased., in order named leaf group, root group and stem group. 2. The kidney hypertrophy to body weight is the higest in the control group compared with the other group in rats, and glucose contents are in order named stem group, leaf group and root group. 3. The loss of body weight is the highest in the control group, and the loss is in order named stem group, leaf group and root group in rats. 4. In histological observations, pancreatic pancreatic islets of control group shows disrupted or condensed nuclei, and the intercellular space between acini are enlarged. In the experimental group, histological damages of the acini and pancreatic islet are recovered compared with control group. Thes results suggest that the extracts of Rosa rugosa are effected to diabetes mellitus, root extract correlated with the function of kidney, and leaf extract is decreased plasma glucose.