• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.357-364
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• 2017

The purpose of the study is to develop and validate landslide susceptibility map of Bhotang village development committee, Nepal using FR (Frequency Ration) and SI (Statistical Index) methods. For the purpose, firstly, a landslide inventory map was constructed based on mainly high resolution satellite images available in Google Earth Pro, and rest fieldwork as verification. Secondly, ten conditioning factors of landslide occurrence, namely: altitude, slope, aspect, mean topographic wetness index, landcover, normalized difference vegetation index, dominant soil, distance to river, distance to lineaments and rainfall, were derived and used for the development of landslide susceptibility map in GIS (Geographic Information System) environment. The landslide inventory of total 116 landslides was divided randomly such that 70% were used for training and remaining 30% for validating result by receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. The area under the curve were found to be greater than 0.7 indicating an acceptable susceptibility maps obtained using FR and SI methods in GIS for hilly region of Nepal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.46
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• pp.31-48
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to offer fundamental data for classification of somatotype for boys of elementary school age. The subject were 458 elementary school boys aged from 7 to 12 living in Pusan. Data were collected by 56 anthropometric 11 photoraphic measurements and 41 body indices. 56 anthropometric measurements were analyzed by ANOVA and method of Duncan-test as Multiple Range Test among 6 grade groups and then total 108 measurments were analyzed by statistical data processing. The results are as followings: 1, In Duncan-test boys were significantly different in most of height and length items but were not significantly different in main items for clothing construction among 1.2/3.4/5.6 grades so that the period of elementary school age were divided with 3 periods. 2. According to increase school age most of item's means increased gradually and personal difference for each items increased too. In case of height and length items the items of lower half were greater than the items of upper half in personal difference and depth items were greater than the breadth items in personal difference. And weight and angle items were very great personal difference is specially.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.214-217
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• 2001

Background: Intra-articular injection is a commonly performed procedure in patients with degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee. Several drugs are used for relief of pain in such cases. Local anesthetics, clonidine and steroids have been confirmed to be effective when used in an intra-articular injection. Ketorolac has recently become one of the most commonly used and potent NSAIDs. There have been many studies about the effect of ketorolac. Methods: Sixty-four patients were divided into 2 groups. In Group I (n = 31), 0.5% bupivacaine 3 ml and sodium hyaluronate 20 mg were used and in Group II (n = 33), 0.5% bupivacaine 3 ml, sodium hyaluronate 20 mg and ketorolac 5 mg were used. We observed the pain relief scale (PRS) at 15 minutes, 1 week and 1-3 months after injection. Results: After 15 minutes, PRS scores were $6.6{\pm}2.7$ (Group I) and $5.1{\pm}3.1$ (Group II), so there was a statistical difference between the two groups. After 1 week, the PRS scores were $5.9{\pm}2.0$ (Group I) and $5.8{\pm}2.4$ (Group II). At 1-3 months later, PRS scores were $5.6{\pm}3.0$ (Group I) and $5.1{\pm}2.7$ (Group II). Thus, there were no significant statistical differences between the two groups at 1 week or 1-3 months later, although some patients were more satisfied with pain relief in Group II at 1-3 months. Conclusions: Ketorolac provides more rapid pain relief of degenerative arthritis when used in intra-articular injection. And there was no statistical difference of effect after 1 week or 1-3 months later. Further studies are required on the effect of the intra-articular use of ketorolac.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 2000

The frequency of weak children, derived from constitutional and functional factors, has increased recently, but their symptoms have never been observed and analysed. A survey was conducted to evaluate and understand the characteristics of weak children. 311 children who had visited in the weak child clinic of Kyunghee Oriental Medical Hospital from January, 1999 to August, 1999, were the respondents of the Weak Child Questionnaire. They were divided into 4 groups by age and birth weight, and statistical significances were tested by one way analysis of variances and bivariate correlation analysis among groups. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Distribution of sex : male 191 cases, female 120 cases 2. The distribution of age showed the highest in $2{\sim}6$ years(45.3%), followed by $7{\sim}12$ years(31.8%), $0{\sim}1$ years(18.0%), over 13 years(4.8%) in order. There was a statistical difference of all symptoms' mean, except respiratory symptoms, among groups(p<0.01). 3. The distribution of birth weight showed the highest in $2.5{\sim}3.3kg(43.4%)$, followed by $3.3{\sim}4.1kg(39.5%)$, under 2.5kg(5.1%), over 4.lkg(2.1%) in order. There was a statistical difference of digestive symptoms' and total score mean among groups(p<0.01, p<0.05 respectively). 4. The correlation coefficient between general symptoms' mean and other symptoms´ is the highest(p<0.01). From the above results, it was suggested that general symptoms are representative of weak children's characteristics.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2024

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to use oral instruction and taping to induce abdominal draw-in in the previous study, but there is a lack of research on the comparison of effects. Therefore, in this study, we would like to study how the effect of oral instruction, taping, and no feedback can affect muscle activity when performing abdominal draw-in pier exercises. Methods : Before the experiment, group A trained piers and applied only draw-in piers, group B applied taping feedback, and group C were divided into three groups per week for six weeks, and three sets of contractions for five seconds per group were performed five times, and a minute break was provided between each exercise. As a measurement tool, a wireless surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure surface electromyography (Telemyo-DTS, NORAXON, USA) that derives a synthetic unit of muscle using a surface electrode. For statistical processing of data, the analysis is performed using the SPSS/PC Version 25.0 statistical program for Windows, and the statistical significance level is a=.05 Results : First, the duration was somewhat shorter in order to more accurately compare the muscle activity of the core muscles. Therefore, future research needs to be research that can be exercises with precise biofeedback and taping applied over a longer period of time. Secondly, it is believed that there is no significant difference, since the subjects were studied in healthy young adult men and women, not patients. Thirdly, they could not control the daily life of the subjects. Through future research, it is necessary to analyze the correlation between muscle activity and abdominal muscle thickness by adding ultrasound in addition to muscle activity in various age groups. Conclusion : During draw-in bridge exercise according to feedback, the muscle activity of the back muscle increased, and there was no significant difference in the muscle activity of the back muscle according to each feedback. Therefore, both the feedback applied during the draw-in pier exercise and the control group are effective in changing the thickness of the abdominal muscles.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2008

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the use of midazolam only with midazolam with fentanyl or propofol in IV sedation. Methods: 24 cases were divided to midazolam group (M group), midazolam + fentanyl group (MF group), midazolam + propofol group (MP group) and midazolam + fentanyl + propofol group (MFP group). In M group, 2 ml midazolam was injected at first, than at 2 minutes interval 1-2 ml injected continuously depending on the level of sedation. In MP, MFP groups, propofol was injected at the speed of 15-20 ml/hr by infusion pump. In this study, the sedation level was evaluated by using OAA/S scale. In each groups, the recovery time was measured until OAA/S scale score level was 5, and pre and postoperative blood pressure change was measured. Each group's data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA. If significant statistical difference were observed, Dunnet test was performed, and control group was M group. Results: Pre and postoperative blood pressure change were not represent significant statistical difference in 4 groups (P value = 0.679 [systolic], P value = 0.206 [diastolic]). But recovery time were represent significant statistical difference (M group: 35.6, MF group: 32.5, MP group: 17.9, MFP group: 19.6 [P value = 0.002]). The result of Dunnet test on recovery time showed significant statistical difference on MF, MFP group when M group was control group. In MFP group, sedation was increased by using supplemental fentanyl, and postoperative pain control was dominant. Conclusion: To achieve the effect of anxiolysis, analgesia, amnesia effectively, and short recovery time, MFP group is mostly recommended.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.152-165
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• 2009

Objectives: We intended to identify differences of general symptoms related to existence & nonexistence of uterine myoma. Methods: We surveyed 948 women from 35 to 45 years old who had received Korean oriental medical questionnaires about general symptom patterns and abdominal & pelvic ultrasonography at Kyung-Hee University medical center from May 2007 to October 2008. After we divided the women into two (uterine myoma or normal) groups by ultrasonography result, we compared general symptom patterns of the uterine myoma group with those of the normal group. Results: In relation to digestion pattern, appetite showed statistically significant difference between the normal and uterine myoma groups. In relation to evacuation pattern, stool frequency showed statistically significant difference between the normal and uterine myoma groups. In relation to psychologic pattern, difference in oppression in the chest & palpitation showed statistical significance between the groups. In relation to the other patterns, differences in throat discomfort & hypertonicity of nape neck showed statistical significance between the normal and uterine myoma groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: The result showed that prevalence of uterine myoma should be considered in respect to digestion pattern, evacuation pattern, and psychologic pattern. We need further study after increasing the size of the uterine myoma group and improvement of general symptom questionnaires.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of ShinBaro pharmacopuncture and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture on whiplash injury by traffic accident. Methods This study was carried out on 30 patients who received treatment in Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine. 30 patients were divided ShinBaro pharmacopuncture group and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture group. Visual analog scale (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI) were compared after treatment. Results 1) Both the ShinBaro group and Jungsongouhyul group showed significant improvement in the visual analog scale (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI) after 3 weeks of treatment. 2) The VAS and NDI of the ShinBaro group decreased gradually with treatment. The VAS scores showed significant improvement up to week 2, but although week 3 showed further improvement compared to week 2, the difference did not reach statistical significance. The NDI scores showed significant improvement consistantly throughout the treatment period. 3) The VAS and NDI of the Jungsongouhyul group decreased with treatment also. The VAS scores significantly improved up to week 2, but though week 3 showed further improvement in comparison to week 2, the difference did not reach statistical significance. The NDI scores showed significant improvement consistantly throughout the treatment period. 4) Although the ShinBaro group showed a swifter decline than the Jungsongouhyul group in both VAS and NDI scores, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions We found out that ShinBaro pharmacopuncture group and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture group is effective and useful in whiplash injury by traffic accident. And, further studies will be needed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.43-51
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects on improvement of the range of motion in the TM joint. Methods: 26 subjects who have TM joint limitation were divided to passive movement group(n=13, $21.3{\pm}2.95$ years) and active movement group(n=13, $20.62{\pm}1.39$ years). All of the subjects were treated 5 to 10 minutes per one time, five times once a week for 4 weeks by the physical therapist. The open bite and cross bite were investigated at before, during(2 wks) and treatment(4 wks). Results: In order to assure the statistical significance of the result, a Repeated measures ANOVA were applied at the 0.05 level of the significance. There was a significant difference in terms of the rates of open bite mean change in within-open bite effects among pre-test, post-test 2weeks and post-test 4weeks in each group(P=0.029). There was no significant difference in the rates of mean change in between-open bite effects(P=0.441) but interactions between two types of effects(P=0.025) were statistical significance among pre-test, post-test 2 weeks and post-test 4 weeks in each group. There was no significant difference in the rates of mean change in within-close bite effects(P=0.112), between-cross bite(P=0.179) and interactions between the two types of effects(P=0.098) among pre-test, post-test 2 weeks and post-test 4 weeks in each group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that passive movement and active movement were effect on increase of TM joint ROM about open bite and cross bite.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.202-208
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• 2021

Background: We aimed to assess the effect of plate hook bending in treatment of acromioclavicular (AC) dislocation by analyzing clinical and radiological results according to the angle of the plate hook (APH). Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, case-control study including 76 patients with acute AC joint dislocation that were divided into two groups according to treatment with bent or unbent plate hook. The visual analog scale (VAS), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score, and range of motion (ROM) were evaluated as clinical outcomes. Comparative coracoclavicular distance (CCD) was measured to evaluate radiological outcomes. Results: While the VAS and ASES of the bending group at 4 months after surgery were significantly higher (p=0.021 and p=0.019), the VAS and ASES of the bending group at other periods and ROM of the bending group showed no significant difference. The initial CCD decreased from 183.2%±25.4% to 114.3%±18.9% at the final follow-up in the bending group and decreased from 188.2%±34.4% to 119.1%±16.7% in the non-bending group, with no statistical difference (p=0.613). The changes between the initial and post-metal removal CCD were 60.2%±11.2% and 57.3%±10.4%, respectively, with no statistical difference (p=0.241). The non-bending group showed greater subacromial osteolysis (odds ratio, 3.87). Pearson's coefficients for the correlation between APH and VAS at 4 months after surgery and for that between APH and ASES at 4 months after surgery were 0.74 and -0.63 (p=0.027 and p=0.032), respectively. Conclusions: The APH was associated with improved postoperative pain and clinical outcomes before implant removal and with reduced complications; therefore, plate hook bending is more useful clinically during plate implantation.