• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the effects of whole-body tilt exercise with visual feedback on trunk control, strength, and balance in patients with acute stroke. METHODS: The study included 18 patients with acute stroke who were randomly allocated to a Whole Body Tilt Exercise Group (WBTEG, N=9) and a General Trunk Exercise Group (GTEG, N=9). The WBTEG conducted whole-body tilt exercises with visual feedback, and the GTEG performed general trunk exercises. Both groups performed the exercises five times a week for 4 weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the trunk impairment scale (TIS), the trunk flexor and extensor strength test, the static balance test, and the Brunel Balance Assessment. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of intervention, both groups showed significantly improved TIS scores, muscle strength, and balance components (p<.05 in both groups). However, the improvement in TIS, muscle strength, and static balance in the WBTEG was significantly better than that in the GTEG (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Although both groups in this study showed post-intervention improvement, patients from the WBTEG who received visual feedback demonstrated more improvement. These findings indicate that whole-body tilt exercise with visual feedback may be effective at improving trunk control, trunk muscle strength, and balance in patients with acute stroke. Further studies are needed to gain a better understanding of the effectiveness of whole-body tilt exercise in patients with acute stroke.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.13-24
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• 2016

Defense Acquisition Program Administration's weapon system software development and management guideline specifies the criteria of software reliability tests including static and dynamic tests mainly on C/C++ languages. Recently, Defense Acquisition Program Administration expanded the scope of software reliability test for the various languages including C#, java etc. but specific criteria for them are not established. This study suggests the reliability test procedures and standards on C# programming software in weapon system. For the static test, considering the nature of the C# which depends on .NET framework, this paper introduces applying coding rules recommended by Microsoft Corp. Visual Studio 2012. Block coverage provided by Visual Studio is applied on dynamic tests and the achievement objectives for block coverage according to the software levels(A, B, C) are suggested. Also, the software reliability test procedures and standards proposed by this paper are properly verified through the case study. The result of this study can be used for establishing the specific criteria of the software reliability test for C# programming software in weapon system.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stretching and strengthening exercise on the static flexibility and pain intensity for the iliopsoas muscle, which is one of the main reasons for the chronic low back pain. Methods: The subjects of this study were 15 male adult patients with showed 6 score or higher in the visual analogue scale(VAS) and complained of low back pain over three months who visited department of the physical therapy, KIA motors Industrial Health Center, from October, 2008 through December, 2008. Fifteen subjects were trained stretching, mat exercises and sling exercises for iliopsoas muscle at 4-5 times a week for 4 weeks. I measured the changes on the extensibility of iliopsoas muscle, static flexibility of low back and VAS between pre- and post exercise treatment. Date were analyzed using the Wilcoxon's signed rank test considering the size of the samples. Results: 1. The angle of the hip joint that showed the extensibility of iliopsoas muscle was relieved, which was significant statistically (p<.05). 2. The static flexibility was statistically significantly improved in the trunk flexion test, trunk extension test and Schober-Test (p<.05). 3. The VAS showed decrease, which is significant statistically (p<.05). Conclusion: It is believed that the exercise treatment of iliopsoas muscle has the significant effects on the improvement of static flexibility and decrease of pain intensity for the chronic low back pain patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.559-566
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• 2020

Background Infraorbital nerve dysfunction is commonly reported after zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. We evaluated sensory changes in four designated areas (eyelid, nose, zygoma, and lip) innervated by the infraorbital nerve. This evaluation was conducted using the static two-point discrimination test and the vibration threshold test. We assessed the diagnostic significance of the blink reflex in patients with infraorbital nerve dysfunction. Methods This study included 18 patients, all of whom complained of some degree of infraorbital nerve dysfunction preoperatively. A visual analog scale, the infraorbital blink reflex, static two-point discrimination, and the vibration threshold were assessed preoperatively, at 1 month postoperatively (T1), and at a final follow-up that took place at least 4 months postoperatively (T4). The results were analyzed using a multilevel generalized linear mixed model. Results Scores on the visual analog scale significantly improved at T1 and T4. The infraorbital blink reflex significantly improved at T4. Visual analog scale scores improved more rapidly than the infraorbital blink reflex. Two-point discrimination significantly improved in all areas at T4, and the vibration perception threshold significantly improved in the eyelid at T4. Conclusions Recovery of the infraorbital blink reflex reflected the recovery of infraorbital nerve dysfunction. We also determined that the lip tended to recover later than the other areas innervated by the infraorbital nerve.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.132-139
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• 2015

Visual SLAM(Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) has been used widely to estimate a mobile robot's location. Visual SLAM estimates relative motions with static visual features over image sequence. Because visual SLAM methods assume generally static features in the environment, we cannot obtain precise results in dynamic situation including many moving objects: cars and human beings. This paper presents a stereo vision based SLAM method in dynamic environment. First, we extract disparity map with stereo vision and compute optical flow. We then compute disparity change that is the estimated flow field between stereo views. After examining the disparity change value, we detect ROIs(Region Of Interest) in disparity space to determine dynamic scene objects. In indoor environment, many structural planes like walls may be determined as false dynamic elements. To solve this problem, we segment the scene into planar structure. More specifically, disparity values by the stereo vision are projected to X-Z plane and we employ Hough transform to determine planes. In final step, we remove ROIs nearby the walls and discriminate static scene elements in indoor environment. The experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain stable performance in dynamic environment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.737-743
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• 2013

This study was to investigate the effects of balance and trunk repositioning sense through multisensorial training using visual cue deprivation in subacute stroke patients. Multisensorial training group practiced after visual deprivation, control group practiced in the same training except visual deprivation with thirty subjects. Both groups were conducted training programs on sixty minutes a day, five days a week during four weeks. The subjects were evaluated by static balance, dynamic balance and trunk repositioning sense in the pre-posttest. There was significant improvement by multisensorial training that static balance, dynamic balance and the trunk repositioning sense between pretest and post test (p<.05). There were significantly differences in the amount of change of dynamic balance, trunk repositioning sense between the two groups(p<.05). Through this study, multisensorial training suggest that is effective in the improvement of dynamic balance and trunk repositioning sense.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.95-112
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• 2002

Two experiments were carried out to compare the suitability in visual tasks between cathode-ray tube (CRT) and thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD). In the first experiment, the subjects were requested to detect pre-assigned target words or icons among distracters presented under time-invariant (static) image mode. The subjects' visual performance and fatigue were assessed while carrying out search tasks with dim and bright ambient light conditions. Significant interaction effects were found among displays, task types, and ambient light conditions. Due to visual fatigue, the subjects' accommodative power decreased in the end of task and the degradation was more significant for the CRT users and under bright ambient light. IN the second experiment, the subjects performed information processing task with time-varying road signs at a driving simulator to assess interaction effects between display types and changing speed of dynamic image. The perception time using TFT-TCD was shorter under slow image change while that of CRT was shorter rapid image change. Findings from this study suggest that, to improve visual task performance, users should carefully select their visual display type depending on the task to be performed.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.1299-1301
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• 2006

A visual display is formed by picture elements, which are optically coupled to optical pathways through which light is supplied from light sources. Light sources, controlled by control hardware, transmit light to the optical pathways by scanning light from the light sources to different optical pathways. The light sources and the optical pathways are mutually oriented so that light from the light sources can be canned to different optical pathways to form the displayed image. Light sources can be mounted to a rotating mounting that rotates past static pathways that transmit coupled light to the waveguide screen.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1988

Because the moving visual acuity is less than the static visual acuity, a new headlight system was designed and manufactured to make reparation for that. Then the new headlight system was built in a passenger car and some experiment was achieved. When the car is accelerated the luminous flux of headlight is augmented. When the speed of the car was increasing, the new system was effective, but when the car was decelerated the system was less effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the most effective feedback condition for static balance in elderly subjects. METHODS: Thirty-eight elderly subjects (12 men and 26 women with a mean age of 77.21 years) participated in this study. They each completed a questionnaire on their general characteristics, excluding personal identification codes. The static balance ability of the participants was evaluated using a Wii Balance Board and the Balancia program (version 2.0). The following three feedback conditions were considered: condition 1 (tactile feedback), condition 2 (visual feedback), and condition 3 (no feedback). One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for the comparisons according to sway length and sway velocity. The statistical significance level was set to α = .05 for all variables. RESULTS: Significant differences in the sway length and sway velocity were observed between the three conditions (p < .05). Significant differences in the sway length were noted in the order of conditions 1, 2, and 3 (p < .05), and significant differences in the sway velocity in the order of conditions 3, 2, and 1 (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Significant differences in static balance ability were observed between the three conditions. In this study, tactile feedback was found to be the most effective feedback for balance training. Owing to aging and impairment of the senses, such as that observed in the tactile receptors, visual receptors, and proprioceptors, it is recommended that elderly subjects participate in balance training.