• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.44-51
• /
• 2004

1. Objectives This paper is written for clear understanding on the concepts of 'Deep adherence of the Nature' and 'Sudden explosion of the Emotion' and for intensive comprehension of Mechanism of 'The Exterior Disease' and 'The Interior Disease' by The Nature and the Emotion. 2. Methods The study mainly based on "The exterior disease injured by the Nature, the interior disease injured by the Emotion" and deals with 'Seongmyungron, Sadanron, Hwarkchungron and Jangburon'. 3. Results and conclusions The conclusions as follows (1) Exterior Disease in each constitution breaks out by deep adherence of the Nature. Interior Disease brings out with sudden explosion of the Emotion. (2) 'Deep adherence of the Nature' is the state that the Ear, Eye, Nose, Mouth taking care of environmental frames can't work enoughly because of wrong minds on the Jaw, Breast, Umbilicus, Abdment. 'Sudden explosion of the Emotion' is the state that the Lung, Spleen, Liver, Kidney doing human affairs doesn't do appropriately for each constitution due to negative minds on the Head, Shoulder, Waist, Hip. (3) The result that the Ear, Eye, Nose, Mouth doesn't extract the clear energy from 'Jin, Go, You, Yaek sea' so they are lack of 'Shin, Qi, Hyul, Jeong' causes exterior disease in each constitution. (4) In each constitution, Interior disease results from that the Lung, Spleen, Liver, Kidney fails to bring on the clear juice from 'Lee, Mak, Hyul, Jeong sea', so shortage of 'Jin, go, You, Yaek' results in it.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.54 no.1
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2017

Release of hazardous and flammable gas is a significant contributor to risk. The ignition of flammable gas clouds can lead to explosion accidents in the offshore installations. A gas detector, which is one of active protect systems, brings the module into a safe state through emergency shut down processes and reduces the damage by eliminating the dangerous releases. It is critical to understand the gas release, the wind field, and the complex geometry of installations to determine gas detector placement. In this paper, the Gas detector Location Index (GLI) which is a novel index for optimal detector location determination to efficiently prevent explosion accident using probabilistic approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.7-18
• /
• 2022

Secondary batteries used in electric vehicles have a potential risk of ignition and explosion. Various safety measures are being taken to prevent these risks. A numerical study was performed using a computational fluid dynamics code on the cases where pressure relief vents that can reduce the blast overpressures of batteries were installed in the through-compression test room, short-circuit drop test room, combustion test room, and immersion test room in facilities rleated to battery used in electric vehicles. This study was conducted using the weight of TNT equivalent to the energy release from the battery, where the the thermal runaway energy was set to 324,000 kJ for the capacity of the lithium-ion battery was 90 kWh and the state of charge (SOC) of the battery of 100%. The explosion energy of TNT (△H_TNT) generally has a range of 4,437 to 4,765 kJ/kg, and a value of 4,500 kJ/kg was thus used in this study. The dimensionless explosion efficiency coefficient was defined as 15% assuming the most unfavorable condition, and the TNT equivalent mass was calculated to be 11 kg. The internal explosion generated in a test room shows the very complex propagation behavior of blast waves. The shock wave generated after the explosion creates reflected shock waves on all inner surfaces. If the internally reflected shock waves are not effectively released to the outside, the overpressures inside are increased or maintained due to the continuous reflection and superposition from the inside for a long time. Blast simulations for internal explosion targeting four test rooms with pressure relief vents installed were herein conducted. It was found that that the maximum blast overpressure of 34.69 bar occurred on the rear wall of the immersion test room, and the smallest blast overpressure was calculated to be 3.58 bar on the side wall of the short-circuit drop test room.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.11D no.1
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2004

Software system modeling has a goal for finding and solving system's problems by describing and analyzing system model in formal notations. Petri nets, as graphical formalism, have been used in describing and analyzing the software systems such as parallel systems, real-time system, and protocols. In the analysis of Petri nets, general system properties such as deadlock and liveness are analyzed by the reachability analysis. On the other side, specific properties such as functional requirements and constraints are checked by model-checking. However, since these analysis methods are based on enumeration of ail possible states, there nay be state explosion problem, which means that system states exponentially increase as the size of system is larger. In this paper, we propose a new method for mechanically checking system properties with avoiding state explosion problem. At first, system properties are described in property nets then the system model and the property net are composed and analyzed. In the compositional analysis, system parts irrelevant to the specific property are reduced to minimize the analysis domain of the system. And it is possible to mechanically check whether a specific property is satisfied or not.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 1998.06a
• /
• pp.887-890
• /
• 1998

We present a method for initialization of asynchronous circuits using binary decision space representation. From state transition graph(STG) which is given as a specification a circuit, the BDD is generated to solve the state space explosion problem which is caused by concurrecy of STG. We first step, we construct the necessary informaton as a form of K-map from BDD, then find an initial state on the K-map by assignment of don't care assignment.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.12-21
• /
• 2008

As the usage of computer systems is increasing in our lives, the reliability and safely of these systems need to be thoroughly checked through the verification techniques. As a basic formalism for several modeling methods, the finite state machine (FSM) is widely used in specification and verification of system models. And there is a technique for ing internal events of FSM in order to effectively analyze the system. However, this technique does not handle the state explosion problem since it can be applied after completely generating all the state space of the system. In this research, we provide a new approach for efficiently representing concurrent properties of FSM, the slice model and provide an efficient transition reduction method based on the slice model. Our approach is effective in time and space perspective since it is peformed by partially generating the needed system states while the existing abstraction technique can be applied to all the system states.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.345-362
• /
• 2023

As the widespread adoption and proliferation of electric vehicles continue, the secondary battery market is experiencing rapid growth. However, lithium-ion batteries, which constitute a majority of secondary batteries, present high risks of fire and explosion. Solid-state batteries are thus garnering attention as the next-generation batteries since they eliminate fire hazards and significantly reduce the risk of explosions. Against this background, the study aimed to analyze research trends and provide insights by examining 2,927 domestic papers related to solid-state batteries over the past decade (2013-2022). Specifically, we used topic modeling to extract major keywords associated with solid-state batteries research and to explore the network characteristics across major topics. The changes in research on solid-state batteries were analyzed in-depth by calculating topic dominance by year. The findings provide an overview of the emerging trends in domestic solid-state battery research, and might serve as a valuable reference in shaping long-term research directions.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.68.1-68.1
• /
• 2010

Cassiopeia A supernova remnant is a young (~330 yr) remnant of Type IIb SN explosion with a massive progenitor. It shows two distinct optical knots; fast moving ejecta knots (FMKs) and quasi stationary circumstellar knots (QSFs). These knots offer an unique opportunity to explore the details of the explosion and also the end state evolution of the Type IIb SN progenitor. We have obtained NIR long-slit (30") spectra of 7 positions around the bright rim of Cas A in [Fe II] 1.644 micron using Triplespec which is a cross-dispersed near-infrared spectrograph that provides continuous wavelength coverage from 0.95-2.46um at intermediate resolution of 2700. Most of the FMKs show strong sulfur, silicon, and iron forbidden lines but no hydrogen or helium lines. The QSFs, on the other hand, show a much richer spectrum with strong hydrogen, helium, and iron lines, but no sulfur and silicon lines. We measure their fluxes and radial velocities, and derive their physical parameters such as electron density and temperature. We also measure the proper motion of these knots from two [Fe II] 1.644 micron images obtained at 3-year interval. We analyze the physical properties of these knots and discuss the evolution and explosion of the progenitor of Cas A.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
• /
• v.11 no.1 s.32
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2006

A code is developed to analyze a spherically symmetric underwater explosion. The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE) Godunov scheme for two-phase flow is used to calculate numerical fluxes through moving control surfaces. For detonation gas of TNT and liquid water, the Jones-Wilkins-Lee(JWL) equation of states and the isentropic Tait relation are used respectively. It is suggested to use the Godunov variable to estimate the velocity of a material interface. The code is validated through comparisons with other results on the gas-water shock tube problem. It is shown that the code can handle generation of discontinuity and recovering of continuity in the normal velocity near the material interface during shock waves interact with the material interface. The developed code is applied to analyze a spherically symmetric underwater explosion. Repeated transmissions of shock waves are clearly captured. The calculated period and maximum radius of detonation gas bubble show good agreements with experimental and other numerical results.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.25 no.10
• /
• pp.824-829
• /
• 2012

Zn wires have been electrically exploded in methanol or distilled water using the pulsed power technologies. The nanopowders produced by the explosions have been observed by using SEM and TEM, and analyzed its phase by using EDS and XRD. The nanopowders produced in distilled water showed ZnO phase only. On the other hands, the nanopowder produced in methanol showed mixed phases with Zn and ZnO. The HR-TEM images of the nanopowders produced in methanol showed that the some particles have been coated with carbon like materials. It is considered that the carbon coatings could be depended on the positions of the particles during the plasma state formed by explosion.