• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제30권7호
• /
• pp.1060-1066
• /
• 2020

This study was focused on developing and obtaining a kimchi starter for use in commercial kimchi production. Kimchi varieties made with selected starters are of high quality, have high levels of mannitol, and extended shelf life. The starters were screened for properties such as mannitol production, low gas/acid production, and acid resistance. Finally, kimchi fermentation testing was performed using selected LAB starters. Kimchi samples were prepared with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starters, including Leuconostoc mesenteroides PBio03 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides PBio104. The LAB starters are isolated from kimchi and can grow under pH 3.0 and low temperature conditions of 5℃. Four kimchi samples were fermented and stored for 28 days at 5℃. The kimchi samples made with starters (PBio03 and PBio104) had better quality (production of mannitol and maintenance of heterofermentative LAB dominance) than the non-starter kimchi samples. In the starter kimchi, Leu. mesenteroides was the dominant LAB, comprising 80% and 70% of total LAB counts at 7 and 21 days, respectively. Mannitol content of the kimchi with Leu. mesenteroides PBio03 was 1,423 ± 19.1 mg/100 g at 28 days, which was higher than that of the non-starter kimchi sample (1,027 ± 12.2 mg/100 g). These results show the possibility of producing kimchi with improved qualities using Leu. mesenteroides PBio03 and PBio104 as starters.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.1077-1085
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out to elucidate the utilization of the fusant for shortening the ripening time by making an observation of the microstructure and the profile of component change. In ripening cheese, moisture content of the sample treated with tested strain is not a remarkable difference among the test samples. With an increase of the ripening time, L. helveticus showed the highest increase in protein content, followed by fusant, and then L. bulgaricus. The fat content of all starters was gradually decreased while it was it was rapidly decreased after 7 days. The pH of all starters was gradually decreased when the ripening time increased. The titratable acidity was greatly increased between a 9th day and a 15th day ripening. In investigating the light microscopic microstructure of ripened cheese samples, the sample treated with fusant indicated little difference from the other starters in decomposition of protein and fat components by microbial enzymes. In SEM observation, the structure of all cheese samples was uniform and the rough texture was converted into smooth texture by the interaction of cheese components and the abscission of single bond in casein matrix when the ripening time is increased. The fusant showed similar results in the examination of component change and its microstructure compared with the other starters. Therefore, it was revealed that the fusant can be partially used as a cheese starter instead of conventional starters by replacing them or combining them together with the other starters for shortening the ripening time.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.100-119
• /
• 2014

급수량을 달리하여 배양한 쌀 천연발효액의 pH는 배양기간이 경과할수록 감소하였으나 적정산도는 증가하였다. 쌀 발효액의 당도는 배양 3일이 지나면서 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 에탄올 함량은 물 140% 첨가구가 가장 높았다. 젖산균수가 가장 높았던 물 180% 첨가구가 가장 낮은 효모수를 보인 반면 젖산균수가 가장 낮았던 물 140% 첨가구가 가장 높은 효모수를 가진 것으로 나타났다. 쌀 천연발효액의 발효율은 효모수가 가장 많았던 물 140% 첨가구가 가장 높았다. 쌀종을 yeast 대체 0, 10, 30, 50, 70% 첨가하여 제조한 우리밀 식빵 반죽의 pH는 쌀종 10% 첨가구만 대조구보다 낮았고 나머지 쌀종 첨가구들은 첨가량이 증가할수록 높았다. Farinograph 특성을 분석한 결과 쌀종을 첨가할수록 수분흡수율, 반죽 생성시간과 반죽 안정도는 감소하였으며 탄력도 및 반죽의 약화도는 높게 나타났다. RVA의 호화특성에서 호화개시온도는 대조구보다 쌀종을 첨가할수록 증가하였으나 최고점도, 최저점도, 최종점도, 전분입자의 파괴정도 및 노화정도는 감소하여 대조구와 유의적인 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). CrumbScan 분석에서 쌀종 첨가량이 증가할수록 기공의 조밀도, 기공의 찌그러짐, 껍질의 두께 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 쌀종 첨가 식빵의 무게는 대조구보다 쌀종 첨가구가 더 높았으며 부피는 쌀종 첨가 50% 이상에서 대조구보다 더 높게 나타났다. 저장기간($25^{\circ}C$, 5일) 중 품질변화를 살펴본 결과 수분함량은 저장기간 동안 감소하였으며 쌀종 50%와 70% 첨가구는 대조구보다 높거나 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 빵 외부 표면의 곰팡이 형성을 육안으로 관찰한 결과 쌀종 첨가량이 많을수록 곰팡이 발생이 지연되어 저장성 개선효과가 있었다. 색도측정에서 저장초기 명도 L값과 황색도 b값은 대조구보다 쌀종 첨가구가 더 높았으며 적색도 a값은 쌀종 첨가구보다 대조구가 더 높게 나타났다. 쌀종 첨가 식빵의 경도는 쌀종 첨가군이 대조구보다 더 높았으나 응집성과 탄력성은 대조구가 더 높았다. 관능검사에서 맛과 전반적인 기호도는 대조구와 쌀종 50% 첨가구가 높게 평가되었다.

• 경영과정보연구
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.21-34
• /
• 2015

혁신을 장려하는 디지털 경제에서 기업가 정신은 성공적인 혁신의 기초로서 강조되어왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 커리어 초심자들의 기업가 정신을 촉진시키는 조직 내 메커니즘을 밝히기 위해 조직 안에서의 기업가 정신적 태도가 무엇인지에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 심리사회적 관점에서 볼 때, 20대라는 질풍노도의 인생주기를 보내고 있는 커리어 초심자들은 매우 불안정하고 취약한 특성을 갖고 있다는 점을 고려할 필요가 있다. 이와 같은 이유로 커리어 초심자들을 위한 기업가 정신의 특성은 재해석되어야할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 "아틀리에"와 같은 위계적인 조직 구조가 커리어 초심자들에게 필요한 반면에 신뢰할 수 있는 리더십이 전제될 때 건강한 팀워크를 형성할 수 있다는 결론을 제시한다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 1993

19 Samples of koji-starters using in brewing were collected from Korea and Japan, and then 31 strains of koji-molds were isolated from them. After Identification of the Isolate, rice koji was made with each strains, and its saccharogenic activity, dextrogenic activity, proteolytic activity, acid Producing ability, browning reaction and flavor were tested. Among 31 strains of isolates, 10 strains were Identified as Asp nwamori var. kawachii, 18 strains as Asp. oryzae, 3 strains as Asp. usamii mkt. shirousamii. The koji-starters made in Korea were composed of single species of koji-mold with same strain, but those made in Japan were composed of the mixture of different two species or the mixture of different 2 ∼4 strains in same species. Judging from amylolytic and proteolytic ability by species, Asp. awamori var. kawachii H1, I1 and 11, Asp. owsae J2, L2, M2, P3 and P4, and Asp. usamii writ. shirousamii S1 were better than the others. Mold strains isolated from Korean koji-starters were much lower in amylolytic or proteolytic activity than those from Japanese koji-starters. The typical characteristics for the 3 species of koji-molds were that Asp. awamori var. kawachii was strong in acid producing ability, but week in amylolytic and proteolytic ability, that Asp. owzae had strong amylolytic activity and good aroma, but produced little amount of acid, and that Asp. usamii mut. shirousamii had strong Proteolytic activity but some off-flavor.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.190-199
• /
• 2000

Information about the processing method of additional starter can be found in the 39 traditional kinds of classical literature. The traditional of Yakju, was analyzed and classified according to classical literature consist of 105 items relating to starters on those compounded alcoholics. 105 selected items were distributed among 5 groups of alcoholic beverages: processing methods of starter, additional starters for sweet and alcoholics, additional starters for Kwahaju, and those additional function for quality and quantity to the periodical conversion of the processing method through four centuries.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.165-169
• /
• 2000

Kombucha beverages were made from sweetened tea by Oriental, European and Tibetan tea fungus starters. The hot water extracts o green tea, black tea, Gugija and Omija were mixed with white and/or brown sugar, and were fermented under a static culture at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Titrable acidity, pH, color and cellulose production in kombucha beverages were evaluated. All tea fungus starters showed a higher acid production in green/black tea extracts rather than Gugija and Omija extracts. In green/black tea extracts Oriental tea fungus produced a kombucha beverage with a higher titrable acidity and lower pH than those of European and Tibetan tea fungus starters. By the static fermentation of green/black tea extract for 18 days, Oriental, Tibetan and European tea fungus starters produced cellulose pellicles of 0.43g, 0.16g, and 0.19 g (dry weight) on the top in the culture, respectively. As a mother starter, the cellulose pellicle was more efficient in acid production compared with tea fungus broth. Oriental/Tibetan mixed tea fungus showed the best acid production in the green/black tea extract supplemented with brown sugar.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.234-241
• /
• 2019

In Korea, traditional doenjang is manufactured using the conventional method at home and by small-scale enterprises. Because this age-old process depends on natural inoculation of various microorganisms, it is difficult to reproduce or maintain consistency in the final product quality across batches. Moreover, doenjang occasionally prepared by this method raises safety concerns related to aflatoxin, biogenic amine, and Bacillus cereus contamination. To develop starters that can be conveniently used at home or in small industry settings for the manufacturing of safe and flavor-improved doenjang, autochthonous microbe starters were developed in dried forms as ready-to-use starters. Each starter powder prepared by heat- or freeze-drying methods remained stable even after 24-week storage. These ready- to-use starter powders were successfully applied to lab-scale fermentation for the production of safe and flavor-improved doenjang. We believe that these ready-to-use starter powders will benefit small-scale enterprises in the manufacturing of doenjang of good reproducible quality.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.104-117
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of on-the-job experiencing program on the formation of dynamics such as creativity, organizing, and clarity necessary for launching into the society through a cause-and-effect analysis to determine the priority of resources investments and improvements of educational courses. As a result, the selling experience and planned workshop were found to have effect on the creative dynamic that preparatory business starters must secure without fail. This means that e-Fashionn Lab(http://www.bc2d.com) which is an experiencing program, is fully accomplishing its initial objective set up at the time of the system design. In addition, the selling experience and the mini-home page experience were found to have effect on the formation of organizing dynamic of preparatory business starters. This shows that the system design to realize the database of personal friendships and personal information is being used fully as an educational practice instruments. Lastly, the selling experience and planned workshops were found to have effect on the formation of clarity dynamic of preparatory business starters as experiencing characteristic has effect on creativity. However, the community (work room) experience was found to have no effect on the formation of dynamics necessary for preparatory business starters to advance into the society at this study. This signifies that the system input resources should be pushed back in priority and that curriculums and system design should be concentrated on strengthening the selling experience and planned workshop in general.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.546-560
• /
• 2013

In this study, a natural fermentation starter formulation was developed for manufacturing Korean bread products by substituting baker's yeast with naturally fermented blueberry starters. As the incubation time of the blueberry extracts increased, the pH and total titratable acidity increased. The sweetness (brix%) of blueberry extracts containing various amounts of sugar were higher than the other sample. The result of alcoholicity for naturally fermented blueberry extracts, the fermented blueberry extract containing 20% sugar was highest. Lactic acid bacteria counts increased until the 4th day; however, it decreased from the 5th day, and viable yeast counts increased consistently until the 5th day. The volume for naturally fermented blueberry extracts increased as the incubation time increased. As the fermentation time of blueberry starters increased, the pH of bread dough decreased. The RVA analysis conveyed that wheat flour retrogradation was retarded by increasing the blueberry starter content. The weight of pan breads containing blueberry starters were higher than that of the control, while the volume, specific volume and baking loss rate were lower than those of the control. The moisture content of pan breads containing blueberry starter decreased as storage time increased. In analyzing the visible mold colony during 7 days of storage at $28^{\circ}C$, mold growth in pan breads containing the blueberry starter was retarded. The hardness of breads containing blueberry starters were significantly increased as storage time increased. The breads containing 50% naturally fermented blueberry starter have acceptable sensory properties. In conclusion, these results indicated that 50% of natural fermentation blueberry starter could be very useful as a substitute for yeast when making naturally fermented bread.