• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.97-109
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• 2016

In Korea, the survival rate of start-up of 5-year after foundation is as low as 29.6% of the country. This low survival rate is from because of insufficient resources in start-ups compared to those of mid-sized companies. Therefore, the marketing characteristics of entrepreneurship has emerged as a major cause. Therefore, In this study, because learning orientation, marketing experience, competition orientation and etc are differently owned in start-ups, marketing impact to marketing strategy in start-up companies are differently investigated. Therefore, the relationship of learning orientation, marketing experience, competition Orientation with marketing strategies was examined. Based on this, Business performance was examined to suggest contents related to eco-system of start-up companies to representative of start-up companies. For this study, Survey was conducted for 250 start-up entrepreneurs within 3 and half year since foundation from Nov. 20 to Dec. 20, 2015. In result of data-cleaning, 207 meaningful samples were gathered. Based on these, conclusion was obtained. Using SPSS 20.0 statistical program, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted. the following conclusions were drawn. First, in the impact of marketing environment of Phase 1 start-up companies on marketing strategy, product strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy were positively affected by learning orientation, marketing experience and competition orientation. Second, in the effect of 2nd phase marketing strategy to business performance, the financial performance and the non-financial performance. Were positively affected by product strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategies. Third, The effect of learning orientation, marketing experience and competition orientation to financial performance was positively mediated by product strategy and distribution strategy among 3rd phase meditation strategies. the effect of learning orientation, marketing experience and competition orientation to non-financial performance was positively mediated by products strategy. In comprehensive summary, in order to increase business performance in start-up companies, marketing strategy should be applied in. Especially, the role of learning orientation and marketing experience is vital. In increasement of business performance to characteristics of star up marketing, financial performance can be increased by product strategy and distribution strategy. And, both of financial and non-financial performance can be increased by product strategy. Therefore, in conducting of marketing characteristics of start-up, to increase business performance, the apply of marketing strategy to marketing characteristics of start-up should be required.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.27-40
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• 2023

This study analyzes the factors affecting the survival of young start-up companies. A youth start-up company was defined as a company with a founder's age under 39. The study was based on evaluation data from 3,540 companies evaluated by the Technology Guarantee Fund to support youth start-up guarantees during the period from 2012 to 2015. In this study, independent variables were defined as founder characteristics, start-up environment, and start-up strategy, and entrepreneurship, knowledge level, and development capabilities were set as variables for start-up characteristics, competition conditions and comparative advantage with alternatives in the start-up environment, and item novelty, commercialization plan and financing plan were set as variables. For variable measurement, the evaluation index of the youth start-up evaluation model of the Technology Guarantee Fund was used. Management performance was defined as the survival of a company, and the survival of 12, 36, 60, and 84 months was measured based on the occurrence of insolvency registered by the Korea Technology Guarantee Fund. The Cox proportional risk model was used for hypothesis testing. As a result of the analysis, knowledge level and development capability were statistically significant in the characteristics of the founder, and the financing plan in the start-up strategy was statistically significant regardless of the survival period. Among the start-up strategies, the novelty of the item had a positive effect on survival after 36 months. Entrepreneurship was significant only in 12-month survival. The most important order for survival was identified in the order of financing plan, knowledge level, item novelty and development capability, of which the founder's knowledge level in the beginning and the funding plan in the second half had the greatest impact.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2018

This study investigated students' perception of a starting up business in the fashion design related departments of two year colleges to present the basic data for designing a start up business education and examined the opening status of the start up business subjects. Only 4.4% of respondents answered that they had an experience in a start up. And 76.2% of respondents answered that they would like to start up a business after graduation. The initial start up types were "online shopping mall" and "blog market" in that order. Nearly 86.7% of respondents answered that they needed "start up" education in college. To the question of whether they would participate if there is a start up extracurricular program, and the subject they would choose, 40.9% answered "I want to get a start up related certification", showing the highest rate of interest in the course. The status of introducing start up business subjects in the regular courses in fashion design related departments in 25 two year colleges related that there were 11 start up related courses begun in the last semester, that is, the 2nd semester of the 2nd year. Since the proportion of clothing in online shopping malls is high, start up education based on the demands of students in fashion design majors can be used as another employment exit strategy.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-37
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• 2015

Micro small business start-ups are receiving financial and marketing support from government or public authority, but business closure rate is very high and it causes a hugh burden to households and national economy. This study aims to verify the causal relationship between the self-determination characteristic of small business start-ups and entrepreneurial intention through learning orientation and innovation ability. The man's intrinsic motivation of self-determination theory is expected to have an impact on the entrepreneurial intention of small business start-ups. The self-determination theory includes perceived autonomy, perceived competence, perceived relationship as independent variables. This study presented a research model for explaining the entrepreneurial intention of small business start-ups, and collected 260 survey responses from the small business start-ups In order to validate the proposed research model, PLS analysis is performed with valid 246 questionnaires. By PLS technique, the measurement reliability and validity of research variables are tested and the path analysis is conducted to do the hypothesis test. Path analysis shows that perceived autonomy does not significantly affect the learning orientation and innovation ability. On the other hand, perceived competence significantly influences learning orientation and innovation ability. Perceived relationships had significant influence on learning orientation. It is found that the parameters of learning orientation and innovation ability significantly influence the dependent variable of entrepreneurial intention. Based on the results, a policy and strategy for supporting small business start-up are presented.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 2014

There has been lots of discussions and new policies to encourage people to start new businesses. However, they key issue such as how to raise the success rate of new start-ups still needs to be resolved. Many believe that the success of policies and discussions for promoting entrepreneurship in Korea highly depends on how to lower the risks with which early stage start-ups encounter. In this backdrop, this study aims at providing an emerging approaches in entrepreneurship, 'lean start-up', which can work as an effective method with which early stage entrepreneurs can minimize challenges they face. Even though lean start-up is a widely accepted concept among practitioners and recognized as a useful tool for entrepreneurship and education, but has not got deserved attention from the academic world. This paper offers basic framework and key principles of lean start-ups, furthermore, shows Korean cases of step-by-step application methods of its concepts. It also suggest key issues in adopting lean start-up strategy. This study has implications and contributions for entrepreneurs, educators and researchers through providing comprehensive perspectives on process of the lean start-up strategy.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2013

Purpose - As the members of the baby boomer generation have retired in earnest, the start-up market has received more attention than ever before. According to recent statistical data, an increasing number of entrepreneurs are in their fifties. There has been a continuous increase in promotional materials on small business issues published by start-ups. This means that senior start-ups have increased in number. A number of support systems have been established for youth start-ups, but there are few government support policies in place for the senior start-up market. Thus, this study suggests a number of constructive alternatives from the perspective of government policy and marketing strategy for entrepreneurs, in order to generate competitiveness in the start-up process, through examining the current state of the senior start-up and by diagnosing extant problems. Research design, data, methodology - This study gives a number of options regarding the government's support policies and the securing of competitiveness in order to vitalize senior business start-ups. As for the government's support policies, funding support policy, publicizing business start-up policies, and operating systematic mentoring policies before retirement have all been covered. In particular, in order for senior business start-ups to become competitive, development through mutual relations with diverse policies is urgently needed. The aging population is becoming an issue in Korea, so businesses for the aged, and the creation of jobs for these people, will become a social issue. Senior business start-ups are playing an important role in expanding enterprise productivity, in addition to enhancing national competitiveness. Expanding senior business start-ups is important, because they also serve to expand the national infrastructure. Productivity increase through continuous expansion is thus recommended. Results - In order to expand the competitiveness of business start-ups, marketing-related observations and learning in regard to customers are necessary for the baby boomer generation, and competitiveness for seniors is urgently needed. Conclusions - Studies on the business start-up policies for the domestic baby boomer generation are almost non-existent, and systematic studies on small businesses are necessary. Only the government is providing statistical studies for small businesses, and such research remains at a general level for entrepreneurs. Therefore, a support system that can actually assist entrepreneurs is essential. Continuous business start-up studies with respect to the baby boomers should be vitalized, to invigorate studies on competition. In order to supplement and strengthen foundational support, senior business start-ups must develop various competitive capabilities with a focus on the customer. The government and the various stakeholder agencies and organizations involved with start-up businesses must find ways to offer support to founders. Such support should include access to knowledge and legal and consultancy services in order to incubate the rapid increase in start-ups founded by seniors. Government support projects should be expanded to meet this end.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2016

Purpose - This study aims to advance our knowledge about factors influencing technical startup performance through analysing technical startup process empirically. This study was conducted to focus on industry structure(industry growth rate, competitive intensity, and enter barriers), technology characteristics(technical excellence and wide range of technical application), and the performance in the technology-based start-ups. Specifically, analyzing moderating effect of technology-marketing strategy, this studied how moderating variables affect technical startup performance under industry structure. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject of this study was technology-based start-ups company that received technology transfer from public organization. The development of the paper model is based on the literature of the preceding research analysis in technology commercialization, performance of technology-based start-ups, and marketing strategy. This study has a construct that was defined in the previous studies, such that technology marketing strategy was defined into the two ways of being broad or narrow in strategic application. From November 3. 2015 to December 22, 220 questionnaires were distributed with targeting to start-up companies in technology-based. 188 responses were collected for empirical analysis except the missing and wrong value responses. This data were used for structural equation modeling and regression analysis. Results - The results of this study are as follows. First, as industry structure variables influencing on performance(technical, financial) of technology-based start-ups, industry growth rate, competitive intensity and enter barriers of variables were verified; high growth rate has more positive effect on performance than low growth rate, competitive low intensity has more positive effect on performance than competitive high intensity, low enter barriers have more positive effect on performance than high enter barriers. Second, as technology characteristics variables influences on the performance(technical, financial) of technology-based start-ups, technical excellence and wide range of technical application of variables were verified ; technical high-excellence has more positive effect on performance than technology low-excellence, wide range of technical application has more positive effect on performance than narrow range of technical application. We also find that technology marketing strategy(broad/narrow) in moderating factors on performance (technical, financial) is as follows. Analyzing the moderating effect depending on technology marketing strategy(broad/narrow), application of technology, and the types of technology strategy(broad/narrow) were revealed that broad marketing strategy had a more significant effect on performance of technology-based start-ups. With AMOS, the relevancy of the study model revealed higher for broad technology-marketing strategy than narrow technology marketing strategy, and the explanatory power revealed to be 6.4% higher in broad marketing strategy than narrow marketing strategy. Conclusions - This study confirmed that industry structure and technology characteristics are important factors influencing the performance of technology-based start-ups. Technology-marketing strategy affects the performance of technology-based start-ups between industry structure and technology characteristics. According to additional analysis, moderating variables and technology-marketing strategy are important factors influencing the performance of technology-based start-ups under industry structure and technology characteristics. Broad type of technology-marketing strategy has more attractive industry structure and excellent technology characteristics than narrow types of technology-marketing.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.463-468
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• 2017

One of the most critical part for magnetron driving in microwave oven is start-up control. For this, switching frequency of resonant inverter should be carefully controlled in order to supply sufficient power to the filament of the magnetron and to prevent rectifier diode from destruction caused by the excessive voltage across them. This paper proposes a novel start-up control strategy for LLC resonant inverter for microwave oven considering the non-oscillation mode time and the magnetron voltage during the start-up process. The validity of the proposed method is verified through the experiment with 1,200W microwave oven using LLC resonant inverter.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.46 no.spc
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• pp.54-60
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• 2023

The government focuses on promoting start-ups, fostering ventures, and creating an ecosystem of start-ups through the formation of a strong growth environment for small businesses. This study provides academic and practical implications about ways of improving our business incubator's support service across stages of growth through IPA. To this end, an Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was conducted to analyze relationship and differences in importance and satisfaction of business incubator's support service support at business incubation center. These results present to provide the following academic and practical implications. The academic implications are the need for differences in support services for each phase of start-up growth. As factors that could increase the likelihood of successful start-up were identified in each phase of the start-up growth, important information needed for policy and strategy was provided. As a practical suggestion, the managers and expert groups are presented with sections to be opened for each start-up growth stage, minimum effort input, and areas to be maintained continuously. A systematic support plan is established and a foundation is provided for improvement measures in efficient start-up business incubator's support service.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

The variations of performance and metabolites at an early stage were investigated for the successful start-up technology in continuous fermentative hydrogen production. Unsuccessful start-up was observed when the operation mode was changed from batch to continuous mode after the yield was reached to 0.5 mol $H_2$/mol $hexose_{added}$ by batch mode. $H_2$ production continued till 12 hours accompanied by butyrate production, but did not last with propionate production increase. It was suspected that the failure was due to the regrowth of propionic acid bacteria during batch mode which were inhibited by heat-shock but not completely killed. Thus, successful start-up was tried by early switchover from batch to continuous operation; continuous operation was started after the $H_2$ yield was reached to 0.2 mol $H_2$/mol $hexose_{added}$ by batch mode. Although $H_2$ production rate decreased at an early stage, stable $H_2$ yield of 0.8 mol $H_2$/mol $hexose_{added}$ was achieved after 10 days by lowering down propionate production. And it was also concluded that the reason for $H_2$ production decrease at an early stage was due to alcohol production by self detoxification mechanism against VFAs accumulation.