• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2015

The temperature change patterns of climatic solar terms and their climatic fitness were analyzed. Harmonic analysis based on thirty-year(1981-2010) time-series data from sixty one weather stations across South Korea showed that the central peaks of the extreme heat had shifted toward start of autumn with increasing mean temperature. The overall climatic fitness of solar terms, such as major heat, frost descent, major snow, and major cold, was low, and it showed significant regional variations. The actual meteorological phenomenon representing each climatic solar term was observed much later than the day of the solar term at most weather stations. The number of observations, where an actual meteorological condition for each climatic solar term was recorded within ${\pm}1$ week from the day of that solar term, ranged only from 7.7% to 40.4% of the entire data. Study results also showed that the climatic fitness of major heat, frost descent, and major snow gradually changed in the east-west direction. Major cold, a solar term with higher climatic fitness, was influenced more strongly by latitude than longitude. Considering geographically uneven magnitude and trends in temperature changes, rearrangement and adjustment of time intervals between the solar terms may help us improve their applicability as realistic indicators of seasonal changes.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.129-139
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• 2012

Given digraph network $D=(N,A),n{\in}N,a=c(u,v){\in}A$ with source s and sink t, the maximum flow from s to t is determined by cut (S, T) that splits N to $s{\in}S$ and $t{\in}T$ disjoint sets with minimum cut value. The Ford-Fulkerson (F-F) algorithm with time complexity $O(NA^2)$ has been well known to this problem. The F-F algorithm finds all possible augmenting paths from s to t with residual capacity arcs and determines bottleneck arc that has a minimum residual capacity among the paths. After completion of algorithm, you should be determine the minimum cut by combination of bottleneck arcs. This paper suggests maximum adjacency merging and compute cut value method is called by MA-merging algorithm. We start the initial value to S={s}, T={t}, Then we select the maximum capacity $_{max}c(u,v)$ in the graph and merge to adjacent set S or T. Finally, we compute cut value of S or T. This algorithm runs n-1 times. We experiment Ford-Fulkerson and MA-merging algorithm for various 8 digraph. As a results, MA-merging algorithm can be finds minimum cut during the n-1 running times with time complexity O(N).

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.17D no.5
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• pp.371-382
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• 2010

One of the advantages of the mobile internet is that it is accessible everywhere. However, producing the mobile internet contents is hard because the standards of the contents are different depending on the telecommunications companies and the mobile phone terminals. Because of this, mobile contents production has not been activated and profit models are rarely found. In order to vitalize the mobile contents, we developed the Mobile UCC (User Created Contents) Phone Page Service with which general users can produce and provide the mobile phone pages easily. In addition, we began to provide advertisement on the UCC phone pages as a profit model. However, as mentioned already, the contents that meet each of the standards should be prepared in advance to be compatible with the different standards. For this reason, only one advertisement could be provided on one UCC phone page. Previous studies were focused on the standardization of different standards by integrating them. Though the standardization may be applicable to the mobile phones that will be newly released, it is hardly applied to the conventional mobile phones. To solve the abovementioned problems and improve the drawbacks of the conventional studies, we proposed in this article the technology to synthesize the phone page contents and independent advertisement at the moment when the UCC phone page prepared by the users is provided in real time. This technology allows to provide various advertisement on one UCC phone page and administrate the start, end and frequency of specific advertisements. This method was applied in this study to vitalize the mobile contents and improve the profit model.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.13-23
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• 2015

A study on the 'FUN' of TV reality audition programs. "Why are the audience so enthusiastic about the survival audition programs?" "What fun do the audition program audience have?" In order to find the answers for such questions, this study applied 'the 4-step fun evolving model' and thereby, categorized audience's fun-seeking behavioral modes, and therewith, examined how such fun-seeking behavioral modes would change by step over time. As a result, it was found that the audition program audience had faithfully followed the 4 fun types (watching, having, doing and becoming), and that their fun-seeking behavioral modes had changed by step over time in SBS "K-POP START" (Season 3) in 2013. Such findings suggest that the audition program fans accommodated 'the fun evolving model.' Their step of 'watching' evolved gradually into the step of 'having' both on-line and off-line (support of participants/malicious or good-will replies, participation in blogs/twitters, photo materials collection activities) and that of 'doing' (application for the jury group, organization of fan club, crazy fan activities, participation in phone voting, etc.), while increasing their fun.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2005

Temperature is an important ambient factor affecting the physiology and metabolism of aquatic invertebrates. In this study, we studied about the survival, reproduction and growth effects of 4 different temperatures(16, 20, 24, $28^{\circ}C$) in four Korean cladoceran, Daphnia sp., Daphnia obtusa, Moina macrocopa, Simocephalus vetulus and Daphnia magna as an international standard species. All 5 water flea tested showed that molting time, fecundity and intrinsic rate of natural increase(r) in high temperature condition were higher than those in lower temperature. On the other hand, lower survivals and longer time to start of offspring were showed in high temperature. Our results suggest that the optimal temperatures of Daphnia sp.,, Moina macrocopa and Simocephalus vetulus seem to be about $20^{\circ}C$ except for Daphnia obtusa which as showed good survivals and reproductions in $16^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2012

The delay in the construction permit for the building, which obtained the approval of business proposal, may lead to a difference in the maintenance cost ranging between 20% and 30% in the neighborhood where the residents moved in, along with the new project under construction in the surrounding area amidst rigorous regulations that aim to promote energy-saving and the heightened interest of the public in energy conservation, and such problem would become the major source of serious public complaints. Thus, the energy-saving plan needs to be prepared when the approval is granted to the business plan. In order to prevent public complaints or ensure effectiveness of government's energy plan, it may be effective to apply the energy-saving plan based on current standards upon the award of construction permit when two years have elapsed since the date of the scheduled commencement of construction or when the start of construction is delayed as stipulated in the Article 18 of the Enforcement Decree of Housing Act. If the energy-saving plan and related technologies are merely the parts of license and permit process without fully serving their purposes and functions, it would be waste of time to deploy a lot of workforce and review and seek consultation. The government or owners of buildings need to fully understand the energy-saving aspects and exert effort to enhance the energy efficiency of buildings.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.441-444
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• 2009

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with an increased risk of acute rejection, delayed graft function and long-term changes after kidney transplantation. The reperfusion models remain unsolved complications such as vascular obstruction and blood leakage. We developed an alternative model of isolated hemoperfusion in porcine kidneys. In the present study we introduced a newly developed reperfusion method. A connector was used instead of surgical suture for the vascular anastomosis on the inguinal region in which main femoral vessels are parallel and big enough to perfuse the kidney. To assess renal perfusion quality of the modified hemoreperfusion model, we analyzed both hemodynamic values and patterns of I/R injury following a renal reperfusion. Following unilateral nephrectomy, the kidneys were preserved for 0, 24 and 48 hours at $4^{\circ}C$ with histidine-tryptophan ketogluatarate (HTK) solution and reperfused for 3 hours by vascular anastomosis connected to the femoral artery and vein in inguinal region. Histolopathological examinations were assessed on kidney biopsy specimens, taken after each cold storage and reperfusion. No differences of hemodynamic values were observed between aorta and femoral artery. The average warm ischemia time before reperfusion start was $7.0{\pm}1.1$ minutes. There were no complications including vascular obstruction and blood leakage during the reperfusion. I/R injury of the perfused kidneys in this model was dependent upon the cold ischemia time. The results support that the modified perfusion model is simple and appropriate for the study of early renal I/R injury and transplant immunology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 1985

In general the impulse sound sources of underwater generated by electric arc discharge had used static energy of the charged capacitors. The author proposed an underwater arc discharge sound source using secondary voltage of high voltage transformer without capacitors. The arc discharge device was composed of a high voltage transformer and a switching system. The impulse current in the primary turn of the high voltage transformer is controlled by the switching system and inductive current of the secondary turn in the high voltage transformer is used in making impulsive arc discharge. A series of experiment have been carried out to observe the acoustic characteristics of the impulse sound source generated by the arc discharge. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Secondary current at the time of arc discharge keeps after ohm's law in the beginning and the maximum current flows out as soon as arc discharge breaks out. 2. A time difference between a start of applied current and a generation of arc discharge sound is the 3msec and it is generated arc sound when breaking down electric insulation at maximum voltage. 3. The sharper the end of electrodes and the higher the secondary voltage, the higher the sound pressure level. 4. Arc discharge sound was generated even at the distance of 100cm between electrodes and was stably reproductive at the gap of 1cm to 100cm. 5. Electric arc discharge sound wave is a shock wave of pulse-width of 0.15msec and spectral distribution of it is plenty of low frequency components less than 10 KHz.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 2018

In order to prevent cervical cancer, free vaccination against cervical cancer(HPV vaccine) for 12-year-old girls has been ongoing since June 2016. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the media reported the risk information of HPV vaccine side effects and to suggest implications for government's risk communication and policy PR. The time frame was divided into two stages, stage 1(policy formation stage, 6 months before the start of free HPV vaccination) and stage 2(policy execution stage, 6 months after the free HPV vaccination was implemented). A total of 314 news articles on HPV vaccine safety and HPV Vaccine side effects were analyzed by content analysis and network analysis. The number of articles increased at stage 2 and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention emphasized the safety of HPV vaccine and encouraged the inoculation while highlighting the effectiveness of the vaccine. Regarding HPV vaccine side effects, cases against vaccination in Japan were mainly reported at stage 1, whereas cases of HPV vaccine side effects from other countries such as Europe and USA were frequently reported at stage 2. In order to increase vaccination rate of HPV vaccine, it is time to take a strategic approach to prevent vague fear or anxiety about the vaccine.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 2009

Prostaglandin $F_2{\alpha}$ ($PGF_2{\alpha}$) can facilitate release of epinephrine from the adrenal gland. The objective was to extend these findings and determine the effects of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ on sexual activity and semen collection training in sexually inexperienced boars. Boars (n=32; $281{\pm}18$ days of age) were moved individually once weekly to a semen collection room equipped with an artificial sow. Before entering the semen collection room, boar received i.m. treatments of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ at doses of 5 (n=8), 10 (n=8), or 20 (n=8), and control boar (n=8) were not treated. Reaction time (elapsed time after entering collection pen until the start of mounting) for boars receiving 5mg ($3.3{\pm}0.9\;min$), 10mg ($3.3{\pm}0.8\;min$) $PGF_2{\alpha}$ was shorter (p<0.05) than for controls ($6.7{\pm}0.9min$). Duration of ejaculation (min) per session was longer (p<0.05) for $PGF_2{\alpha}$ (10 mg, 20 mg)-treated boars ($7.3{\pm}0.7\;min$, $6.9{\pm}0.7\;min$), compared to control ($3.4{\pm}0.8\;min$). The number of training session per boars was less (p=0.056) for $PGF_2{\alpha}$ 10mg-treated boars ($1.0{\pm}0.4$), compared to control ($2.0{\pm}0.4$). Semen characteristic such as volume, concentration, the number of total ejaculated sperm, were similar for $PGF_2{\alpha}$-treated and controls. There was no apparent difference on sperm movement characteristics (Mot: motility, VCL : curve linear velocity, VSL : straight line velocity, VAP : average path velocity, LIN : linearity) after semen preservation by collected with or without $PGF_2{\alpha}$ treatment. In summary, administration of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ in boars increased the sexual activity and facilitated the training boars to mount an artificial sow for semen collection, but did not affect semen characteristic.