• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.37.1-37.6
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• 2021

This study evaluated the efficacy of a new, single-dose otic solution combining florfenicol, terbinafine, and mometasone furoate for the treatment of canine otitis externa (OE) in vitro and in vivo. Forty-one client-owned dogs with OE were included in the study and divided into a treatment group that received the test solution and a negative control group that received a normal saline solution. On day 0, the dogs were treated either with the test or the control solution and evaluated over 30 days. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by clinical signs and cytological organism counts. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). After treatment with the test solution, clinical signs continuously decreased and cytological scores were significantly reduced. The results of MIC testing showed that the test solution was potent against the common pathogenic causes of canine OE. In this study, the most common causative pathogens were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis. No issues related to safety were identified. Based on these results, this new ototopical drug can be used as first line treatment for canine OE.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.196-203
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• 2011

Staphylococcus spp. is one of the most common bacteria isolated from the lesions of atopic dermatitis (AD) in humans, and their colonization is known to be a possible trigger factor of clinical signs. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. in canine AD (CAD), the types of exotoxins present, and their relation with the clinical severity of CAD. From 79 dogs with AD, 72 samples of Staphylococcus spp. were isolated (91.1%), and 65 (90.3%) were confirmed as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Concerning the profile of the exotoxin gene, 50 isolates (69.4%) contained at least one exotoxin gene, and 28 isolates (56%) were found to contain more than 2 different exotoxins. There was a significant difference in clinical severity with the presence of staphylococcal exotoxins (P=0.028), whereas no correlation was found with the presence of Staphylococcus spp. (P=0.598). The clinical severity of CAD increased only in relation to staphylococcal enterotoxin D (SED) and exfoliative toxins (P<0.05). Some clinical evaluation criteria (erythema, papule/pustule) were correlated with the presence of the exotoxin gene (P<0.05). This study showed that the high prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. and staphylococcal exotoxins in lesions from dogs with AD may be regarded as an important trigger factor for exacerbation of the clinical signs of CAD.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Canine otitis externa is a common disorder in small animal practice with prevalence up to 20%. In a large percentage of cases, canine otitis externa is a chronic and recurrent disease also associated with drug-resistant bacteria that is difficult to treat with traditional antibiotics. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new strategy to exterminate pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy against canine otitis externa using three photosensitizer (PS); 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and Methyl aminolevulinic acid (MAL) with semiconductor laser diode (SLD, 635nm of wave length), Chlorophyll-lipoid complex (CLC) with light-emitting diode (LED, 660nm of wave length). After PDT, dogs showed improved Otitis Index Score (OTIS) in swelling, exudate, odor, and pain. A result of the cytology test revealed decrease of bacteria and malassezia count in the oil immersion field and colony forming units count. PDT was effective as a bacteriocide of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) and a fungicide of Malassezia pachydermatis. MAL and 5-ALA were more effective PS against canine otitis externa than CLC. These results suggest that PDT is a new strategy to exterminate pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. PDT can be considered as a new therapeutic approach for canine recurrent otitis externa and a countermeasure to drug resistance that is a disadvantage of traditional antibiotic and antifungal therapy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.382-386
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• 2023

A 2-year-old, 12.5 kg, castrated male, mixed-breed dog was presented with a 1-year history of pruritus and progressive alopecia. On physical examination, no remarkable findings were detected including body condition score (5/9). A dermatological examination of the dog revealed generalized erythema, papules or plaques, especially on the face, auricle, dorsum, and shoulder. A fine-needle aspiration of the dorsum and face lesions revealed various numbers of macrophages with foamy cytoplasm and multinucleated giant cells. A bacterial culture test showed the growth of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. A complete blood cell count was unremarkable and biochemical abnormalities included hyperglobulinemia (4.8 g/dL, reference interval 2.5-4.5 g/dL), mild hypertriglyceridemia (277 mg/dL, reference interval 10-100 mg/dL) and mild hypercholesterolemia (383 mg/dL, reference interval 110-320 mg/dL). Additional diagnostic tests were performed to identify the underlying cause of hyperlipidemia. Canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (<50 ng/mL, reference interval 0-200 ng/mL) and total T4 (1.4 ㎍/dL, reference interval 1.1-5.6 ㎍/dL) were within the reference intervals. For a definitive diagnosis, skin biopsy specimen was collected from the papular lesions on the dorsum by using a 4 mm biopsy punch. A histopathological examination revealed numerous large macrophages with abundant foamy cytoplasm in the dermis. The foamy macrophages were located diffusely between the collagen fibers. Extracellular amorphous lipid deposits were also presented in the dermal tissue. A definitive diagnosis of cutaneous xanthoma was made based on clinical signs and cytological and histopathological results.