• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2004

1% iodophor loaded microspheres of PLGA (Poly[DL-Lactide-co-Glycolide]) were prepared by solvent evaporation method and were applied to the cows on dry period for evaluating it's preventive effects on intramammary infections. The morphology of the microspheres were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and their releasing patterns were investigated. On investigating idophor releasing patterns of the microsphere, burst releasing pattern was detected until 2 days after in vitro incubation and sustained releasing was observed until 4 weeks. In field trial of teat dipping solution containing idophor loaded microspheres in dry cows showed significant preventive effects of intramammary infection caused by S. aureus, S. agalactiae, coagulase negative Staphylococci and coliform bacteria (p<0.05).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.750-757
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• 1990

Empyema with bronchopleural fistula is an uncommon, but serious problem. Early diagnosis and adequate drainage of the empyema cavity are well established principles for the initial management of this condition and will enable patient to recover from the toxic effects of loculated pus. 37 patients of empyema with bronchopleural fistula were treated at the department of the chonbuk National University Hospital between 1981 and 1988. The age group of fifty and sixty decades occupied 64.8%. Bacteriologic cultures of the pus were postive in 56.8%. The most common organism of the culture was staphylococci(42.9%). And the others were Pseudomonas(19%). Klebsiella(14.3%), and E. doli. No growth of pathologic organism was reported 43.2%. 24 patients of empyema with bronchopleural fistula were nonoperative causes : There were 10 pulmonary tuberculosis, 3 abscess, 9 ascending infection, one bronchiectasis and one tumor, respectively. The remaining 13 were occurred as postoperative complications ; pneumonectomy in 6, lobectomy in 4, decortication in 2, and lobectomy with segmentectomy in 1. When used as the initial mode of drainage, closed thoracostomy was performed to almost all of the patients, but 4 patients were died during this treatment. Main operations were performed except 4 died patients ; open thoracostomy in 21, open thoracostomy with myoplasty in 3, decortication in 5, decortication with resection in 3, and completion pneumonectomy in 1. Open thoracostomy was performed in 21 patients which results were favorable except one death. Permanent open thoracostomy is an old but still useful minor operation in patients with empyema with bronchopleural fistula. The overall mortality rate was 15% (6 patients) and the causes of the death were respiratory insufficiency or sepsis, or both.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.637-644
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• 1992

The incidence of thoracic empyema has been reduced with the advent of antimicrobial agents. But, there are remained many significant problems in the management of thoracic empyema because of the empyema associated with bronchopleural fistula, other complications, This is a clinical analysis of 76 cases of thoracic empyema who had been treated from August 1975 to July 1991 in the Chest Surgery Department, Chung-Ang University Hospital. This report dealed with the incidence, etiology and symptoms, duration of hospital stay, therapeutic methods and review of literatures in the aspect of thoracic empyema, The results were as follows: 1. Predominance of male [3 : 1] and right side [1.5 : 1] were recorded. 2. The main symptom was the chest pain [55%], dyspnea[36%], fever[33%], cough [23%] and others. 3, The most common predisposing causatic diseases were pulmonary tuberculosis[33%] and pneumonia[31%], but also uncertain cases were 15%.4. Searching for the causatic organisms, there were not-identified[49%], streptoccocci [17%], staphylococci[12%], mixed infection[12%], AFB bacilli[7%]. 5. The range of hospital stay was from 6 to 146 days and the average duration was 29.4 days, 6. The results were good as the methods of closed thoracostomy[52%], decortication [23%], thoracentesis[15%], rib resection and drainage[4%], open drainage[4%], pleuropneumonectomy [4%]. 7. The serious complications or mortality didn`t developed.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 1978

Bacillus subtilis var. 816 was used for manufacturing fermented soybean which in turn is used as flavoring agent. Fermentation of soyebean or flat wheat was occasionally failed. It was elucidated that failure was due to the presence of bacteriophage. According to Hemphill and Whitely (1975), this bacteriphage might be belonged to the viulent phage group I as it is similar to SP82G, ${\phi}25$. In fact, the phenomena of the increase of moisture, disappenarance of mucin and existence of undersirable bacteria was attributed to the contamination of the above phage during the course of fermentation of soybean or flat wheat. Particularly disapparance of mucin was sufficiently correlated by the replication of the bacteriophage. The above phage can grow in the range of $30^{\circ}C\;to\;70^{\circ}C$. The optimum temperature was $40^{\circ}C{\sim}50^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH range was between pH 7.4 and pH 8.0. It is noticeable that staphylococci was replicating simultaneously with the phage. The head of 816 phage is hexagonal with a diameter of $10{\times}165{\sim}10{\times}240\;nm$. The end of the tail is enlaged. It has a size of 25 nm and this end areas are spreaded widely as fingers.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.378-384
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• 1996

In vitro activities of LB20304a were compared with those of grepafloxacin (OPC-17116), Q-35, ciprofloxacin, and sparfloxacin against 380 clinical isolates collected from general hospitals in 1996. LB 20304a was the most active agent against gram-positive strains including staphylococci, streptococci and enterococci. LB20304a was also very active against gram-negative bacteria and its activity was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin but better than those of grepafloxacin, Q-35 and sparfloxacin. The therapeutic effect of LB20304a was superior to those of sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin against systemic infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus K283 (MRSA) in neutropenic mice. Against urinary tract infection induced by Escherichia coli 851E in mice, LB20304a was more active than sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. However, LB 20304a was slightly less active than that of ciprofloxacin against urinary tract infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1912E, but better than that of sparfloxacin.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

Staphylococci are Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic cocci, normally found on the skin andmucosal surfaces of most warm-blooded animals and often involved in a wide variety of diseases in animals.Staphylococcal infections are treated with antibiotics and, consequently, antibiotic resistance and/or acquiredresistance have developed. Staphylococcus (S.) intermedius and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus are 2 comonveterinary isolates that are frequently associated with suppurative infections. This study was undertaken toexamine antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus (23 isolates) and S. intermedius (160 isolates) isolatedfrom dogs in Gwangju, Korea and investigate whether the antibiotic resistance of S. aureus and S.intermedius is efected by the site of isolation, age, and sex of dogs. More isolates were isolated fromadult dogs (71.3%) than juveniles (20.5%). Antimicrobial resistance was commonly found for Penicillin,Tetracycline, Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole in both Staphylococcus species. All of the isolates weresusceptible to Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, Cephalothin, Oxacilin, Neomycin, and Vancomycin. Appropriateprotocol for antibiotic use and strategies to reduce antimicrobial resistance rate will be needed. Periodicsubstitution of antimicrobial agents and limitation of antibiotic use should also be considered.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1993

Nasal carrige of Staphylococcus was studied in relation to its significance as a source of the Staphylococci that caused hospital-acquired infection. Due to the trend of the increasing r esistance of S. aureus to many antimicrobial agents, it is necessary to study the sensitivity to antibiotics of this infectious microorganisms. 50 persons from general hospital and 50 college students were the object of this study. The following results were obtained 3 0 Strains of S. aureus were isolated. The rate of S. aureus nasal carrying were 26% in college students and 34% in hospital personnel. S. aureus which showed resistance to penicillin were 90%, tetracyclin 43%, erythromycin 37% and oxacillin 17%. The number of penicillin resistance of S. aureus were 11 (84%) in college students and 16 (94%) in hospital personnel. The number of strains of penicillin resistant S. aureus which produced 13-1actamase were 9 (82%) in college student and 14 (88%) in hospital personnel. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) which showed resistance to erythromycin and penicillin G were 100%, tetracyline, cephalothin and clindamycin were over 40% respectively, gentamicin 20%, SAM 20% and chloramphenicol 0%.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.270-274
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• 2018

Chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) gas is a neutral chlorine compound. $ClO_2$ gas was proven to effectively decontaminate different environments, such as hospital rooms, ambulances, biosafety level 3 laboratories, and cafeterias. In this study, to evaluate the effects of $ClO_2$ gas, bacteria of clinical importance were applied. Staphylococci, Streptococci and Bacillus strains were applied and Klebsiella, and others e.g., Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Serratia were also done for the inhibitory analysis. Bacteria plates were applied with a hygiene stick, namely, "FarmeTok (Medistick/Puristic)" to produce $ClO_2$. $ClO_2$-releasing hygiene stick showed the very strong inhibition of bacterial growth but had different inhibitions to the bacteria above 96.7% except for MRSA of 90% inhibition. It is difficult to explain why the MRSA were not inhibited less than others at this point. It can be only suggested that more releasing $ClO_2$ should be essential to kill or inhibit the MRSA. B. subtilis, S. agalactiae, S. pyogenes, E. coli O157:H7, S. typhi (S. enterica serotype typhi) and S. marcesence were inhibited over 99%. This study will provide fundamental data to research growth inhibition by $ClO_2$ gas with bacteria of clinical importance value.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Cellulitis in broiler chickens is one of the economically important problems that facing the broiler industry due to the presence of the lesion leads to condemnation of part of /or the entire carcasses. Broiler with cellulitis lesions showed lower body weight. Cellulitis was recorded on different body regions including the head, dorsum, thighs, breast, legs, and abdomen. Cellulitis results from the invasion of subcutaneous (s.c.) tissues by bacteria through disruption of skin integrity. Lesions revealed the existence of the characteristic s.c colored exudate varies from yellowish to green, which were either serosanguineous, fibrinous s.c exudate yellowish, greenish or suppurative. Many bacterial isolates including E. coli, Staphylococci, Clostridia, Aeromonas spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, and Streptococci were isolated from the lesion. Chickens exposed to immunosuppression proved to have a greater probability of developing cellulitis. The condition was experimentally induced by s.c inoculation of 25-day-old broiler chickens with E. coli, S. aureus and clostridia. Usually, bacterial isolates were multidrug-resistant. The usage of Bifidobacterium bifidum or antibiotic with avoiding immunosuppression can reduce lesion and condemnation rate resulted from cellulitis. The objective of this review is to collect different literature written about cellulitis to be available to students, researchers, and veterinarians in poultry practical.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.458-463
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• 2022

We evaluated the antibiotic susceptibilities, hemolytic activities, and technological properties of 36 Staphylococcus xylosus strains and 49 S. pseudoxylosus strains predominantly isolated from fermented soybean foods from Korea. Most of the strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, lincomycin, oxacillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim. However, 23 strains exhibited potential phenotypic acquired resistance to erythromycin, lincomycin, and tetracycline. Based on breakpoint values for staphylococci from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, >30% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin G, but the population distributions in minimum inhibitory concentration tests were clearly different from those expected for acquired resistance. None of the strains exhibited clear α- or β-hemolytic activity. S. xylosus and S. pseudoxylosus exhibited salt tolerance on agar medium containing 20% and 22% (w/v) NaCl, respectively. S. xylosus and S. pseudoxylosus strains possessed protease and lipase activities, which were affected by the NaCl concentration. Protease activity of S. pseudoxylosus was strain-specific, but lipase activity might be a characteristic of both species. This study confirms the potential of both species for use in high-salt soybean fermentation, but the safety and technological properties of strains must be determined to select suitable starter candidates.