• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.882-888
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• 2005

MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) has already been standardized as a sophisticated next generation technology AAC provides an audio signal that has CD quality at 96-128kbps/stereo. This paper describes a high-quality and efficient software implementation of an MPEG-2 AAC LC Profile encoder. Common scalefactor and noisless coding are accelerated by $45\%$ and $27\%$, respectively, through the use of TMS320C30 instructions. The implemented encoder uses 7.5kWords of program memory, 18kWords of data ROM and 92kBytes of data RAM, respectively. The results of subjective Qualify test showed that the sound quality achieved at 96kbps/stereo was equivalent to that of MP3 at 128kbps/stereo.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.15-32
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• 2011

In printing, managing color means that how closely its color reproducts and printing supplier meets customers' requirements. When applying device profiles, it depends on properties of the devices. But color management of domestic digital prints is accomplished more scientifically and objectively than any other printing. According to this paper addresses a method of evaluating between proof prints and offset prints which are produced by identical date on the field. We evaluate two cases normal proof prints and domestic offset prints based on standardized color data analysis and subjective data analysis. We gathered objective data by measuring solid density, $CIEL^*a^*b^*$ and ${\Delta}E^{*_}{ab}$. Furthermore, we evaluated the offset prints and proof prints through human eyes to decide the ranking.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.91-104
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• 2008

This study developed the WSM (weighted scenario method)-AHP method that can optimize the weighting value for multi-criteria to make GIS grid-based potential surface. The potential surface has been used to simulate urban expansion using distributed cellular automata model and to generate land-use planning as basic data. This study formulated the WSM-AHP method in mathematically and applied to test region, Suwon city, which located on south area from Seoul. WSM-AHP method generates potential map for each pair of weighting value for all criteria, which one criterion is weighted with high weighting value and the others use low weighting value, considering that the summation for all criteria weighting values should be "1". The potential change rate to the step of weighted scenario for weighting value of criteria is standardized like AHP intensity matrix in this study. From the standard potential change rate, WSM-AHP intensity matrix is completed, and then the optimal weighting value is calculated from the maximum eigenvector of the WSM-AHP matrix, according to the new WSM-AHP method developed in this study. The applied results of new method showed that the optimal weighting value from WSM-AHP is more resonable than the general AHP specialists' evaluation for weighting value. The another new finding of this study is to suggest the deterministic approach to optimize the weighting value for the distributed CA model, which is used to find new city area and to generate rational land-use planning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.217-230
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• 1993

This study was conducted to evaluate the industry foodservice management practices in Pusan Kyeung Nam provinces and to suggest the guideline for the effective foodservice management. Questionnaire survey method were used in this study. Questionnaire were administered to 307 dietitians in Pusan Kyeung Nam. Data were analyzed for frequency, percentage, and ${\chi}^2-test$ using SPSS-X Package. The results are as follows: 61.7% of industry foodservice establishment serviced foods over three times a day and 18.0% of them were less 500 won in the cost of food. 64.5% of the dietitian had less 3 years experiences, and they are not fully performed the effective management in nutrition education, job design and utilization of standardized recipes. Equipped facilities in surveyed foodservice operations were assessed as the insufficient condition, especially, efficient facilities such as a cutting machine were scarcely make up.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2009

In this study, the hydrodynamic coefficients were measured using various nettings to analyze the change of drag coefficients and lift coefficients as a basic study for deriving hydrodynamic coefficients. The data on hydrodynamic force obtained from the flume tank tests were used to compare and analyze the hydrodynamic coefficients based on Reynolds number. Standardized hydrodynamic coefficients were then assumed during the analysis procedures. The hydrodynamic coefficients were measured using the 9 kinds of nettings in which had the same total projected area with different diameters and mesh-grouping ratio. These different netting systems : mesh-grouping ratio. The results of the test of nettings were as follows; First, the drag coefficients of nettings increased when the higher attack angles applied, and decreased with the increased flow speed and netting twine diameter. Second, the lift coefficients of nettings showed the increased values until the attack angle 30 degree, but decreased for the attack angle over 40 degree. Third, the hydrodynamic coefficients of netting decreased as the Reynolds number increased, and reach at slightly states in the highest numbers. Fourth, the hydrodynamic coefficients were derived from a functional formula considering attack angles and Reynolds number, and presented in the three dimensional space.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2012

Purpose: This descriptive study aimed to compare the perception of the acceptable foods for the neutropenic diet between nurses and patients by food type. Methods: The participants were 225 nurses working at chemotherapy wards and 71 patients in chemotherapy treatment. Data were collected with a self-administered questionnaire from January 2 to February 24, 2012, and analyzed with SPSS 12.0 program using descriptive statistics and the ${\chi}^2$-test. Results: Eighty-eight point eight percent of nurses and 76.1% of cancer patients thought the patients needed the neutropenic diets. The most important decisional criteria to determine dietary restriction was neutrophil count for nurses and food type for patients. The two groups showed significantly different allowance to raw fruits and raw vegetables, sterilized canned juice, fried vegetables, yogurt, uncooked tofu, salted fish, cooked fish, cooked shellfish, uncooked grain powder, jellified food, home-made bread/cookies, nuts including peanuts, instant coffee or tea and tea brewed. In general, patients were more permissive about the neutropenic diet than nurses. Conclusion: It is recommended to consider patients' preference as well as nurses' professional knowledge and publish standardized clinical diet guidelines for neutropenic patients with collaboration between nurses and patient representatives.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the experiences of sensations after breast cancer surgery characterized by prevalence, frequency, and severity, distresses, and disturbances in ADL using the BSAS (Breast Sensation Assessment Scale) and to develop the standardized Korean BSAS. Methods: Thirty two women from 3 to 100 days after breast cancer surgery (BCS) completed Roberta's BSAS. The 18 sensations of BSAS were translated using the references of Lee's Korean Pain Rating Scale and English-English, English-Korean dictionaries and the consultation from two native Americans, one bilingual permanent resident of the States, and one nursing professor. The Korean-translated BSAS has high reliability in test-retest. Likert type 4-point scale and 100 mm VAS were used for assessment. Results: Certain sensations remained prevalent (tender, pull, pain), frequent (numb, nag, throb), severe (throb, shoot, numb), causing distress (throb, penetrate, shoot), and influencing on ADL (throb, penetrate, nag). The most frequently experienced sensation other than BSAS was itching. There was little difference in the prevalence of symptom experiences between sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary lymph node dissection. Conclusion: The women after BCS are suffering from neuropathic sensations. The Korean- translated BSAS could be used in effectively assessing breast sensations after BCS in Korean women.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.161-168
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of e-Learning, and attempted to identify factors affecting educational results. Based on survey data from 712 distance learning participants, we selected and verified factors affecting educational results through a correlation analysis and confidential test. Participants' scores were standardized and considered as a dependent variable representing educational effectiveness. Through several tests using the program AMOS, we suggest the most appropriate structural equation that can verify the causal relation of factors affecting the effectiveness of e-Learning. In result, the most important factor affecting score which is our measurement for educational effectiveness is job-possession. The fidelity has slightly direct influence to the score and the satisfaction has least indirect influence to the score.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 1992

The standardized activated sludge for the biodegradation test of anion surfactants has been produced from the collected microorganisms in the soil and the wastewaters treatment plant. The activated sludge was kept under control of the pH, dissolved oxygen, microorganisms and inoculated the basal medium flasks with LAS and LAS mixed with heavy metals [Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II)]. Based of results, the inhibition effect(%) of heavy metals in LAS biodegradation were 1. All 1% when LAS 30mg/l-Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) 0.1mg/l, respectively 2. All 1${\sim}$10% when LAS 30mg/l-Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) 1mg/l, respectively 3. All 10${\sim}$40% when LAS 30mg/l-Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) 10mg/l, respectively 4. All 30${\sim}$65% when LAS 30mg/l-Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) 100mg/l, respectively And toxicity order of heavy metals to the microorganisms in LAS biodegradation were Cd>Cu>Zn in low concentration(0.1${\sim}$1mg/l)and Cd>Zn>Cu in high concentration(10${\sim}$100mg/l).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1498-1507
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to : a) examine the current foodservice management practices of twenty-one seniors centers in charge of hoke-delivered meal programs, b) evaluate the attitudes of one hundred and ten recipients of meal service program, and c) provide feedback for the efficient and effective foodservice management for the elderly. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS package program for descriptive analysis, T-test, and ANOVA. The results of quantitative analysis indicated that the costs of meals, containers and special foods were mostly dependent on the support from local government(Seoul city). The centers where the volunteers were over seventy five p ercent of the workers were frtty-eight percent and sixty-seven percent of the subjects in food preparation and food delivery to the homebound clients, respectively. Meal preparation and food purchasing were mainly practiced by social welfare worker. Standardized recipes were not developed and meal preparation was controlled under the cook' and volunteers' experiences. The survey results of recipients who participated the home-delivered meals program showed that the mean of meal satisfaction score was rated over three point five in the five-point scale. There were significant differences between dependent variables(volunteer's kindness, plate waste, menu variety) and independent variables(sex, receiving periods and family type of the subjects). (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) : 1498-1507, 1998)