• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.361-367
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• 2015

The forming limit diagram (FLD) is the most commonly used tool for evaluating of sheet metal formability in the manufacturing field as well as the finite element analysis (FEA)-based design process. Determination of the forming limits is considerably influenced by testing/measuring machines, techniques and conditions. These influences may cause a large scatter in FLD from laboratory to laboratory. Scatter is especially true when the ‘position-dependent method’, as is specified in most national and international standards, is used. In the current study a new ‘time-dependent method’ is proposed, which is to determine the forming limit strains more accurately and reasonably when producing a FLD from experimental data. This method is based on continual strain measurement during the test. The results are compared to those from the existing standardized methods.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2015

Purpose: This study examined the effects of peer assisted learning (PAL) using video recordings in standardized patients (SP) simulation. Methods: A mixed-method approach was adopted, in which quantitative data were supplemented with qualitative data. Research participants consisted of 49 nursing students, 24 of whom were assigned to the experimental group, and 25 to the control group. The 12 item instrument was used to measure perioperative care knowledge, while performance confidence was assessed with the 10 item questionnaire, and clinical critical thinking skills with the Clinical Critical Thinking Skill Test (CCTS). Qualitative data were collected using a reflective journaling and in-depth interviews. Results: Participants in the experimental group exhibited significantly higher levels of knowledge than those in the control group (t=5.43, p<.001), and were significantly more confident in their performances (F=52.33, p<.001). However, no significant differences were found between the experimental and the control groups with regard to CCTS (t=0.72, p=.477). A qualitative content analysis was conducted using the interview and reflective journaling data, in which six major themes were elicited from three codes. Conclusion: PAL employing video recordings is expected to be utilized as a teaching and learning strategy in simulation-based nursing practicum with greater frequency and longer period, given the positive effects observed in this study.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2024

Halitosis is defined as a nasty odor emanating through the mouth and is primarily related to the enhanced concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). VSC measurements have been commonly used for experimental comparison and clinical diagnosis. As quantitative methods for comparative analyses of oral malodor, gas chromatography devices have been most commonly used to quickly and easily determine the concentration of several gas components of VSCs, which are agents primarily responsible for halitosis. The concentrations of VSCs fluctuate dynamically depending on contributing factors, including various oral/systemic conditions, intake of medicine and food/drink, oral hygiene, and even routine daily activities. Therefore, the exact analysis of VSCs requires the appropriate standardization of not only exact measurement techniques but also participant conditioning with scientific considerations. Thus, this paper describes the experimental standardizations commonly recommended in previous literature and their scientific background.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.222-225
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• 2006

Pull-off test is widely used to evaluate bond performance between concrete and FRP composite. However, reliability of experiment result declines due to many difference between test methods of each national standards. This study analyzed problems of various existing test methods for pull-off test and suggested standardized test method. In addition, since tensile strength of concrete is smaller than bond strength of epoxy resin, maximum bond strength of epoxy resin shall be limited within tensile strength of concrete. Alternative testing method, therefore, which decrease FRP adhesion areas than concrete adhesion areas is suggested to widen test range of bond strength in pull-off test. In the experimental results, bond performance can be estimated up to two times of tensile strength of concrete by reducing FRP adhesion areas by 1/3.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06b
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• pp.198-203
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• 2001

This paper discusses an experimental method for measuring the insertion loss (IL) performance of a double panel that are used in vehicles. Instead of two adjacent reverberation chambers which are generally used to measure the transmission loss (TL) of the large sound isolation materials, air-borne sound insulation tester was utilized to determine the IL and articulation index (AI) of standardized deadening materials. In comparison to reverberation chamber method, air-borne sound insulation tester method is more space-saving, more time-saving and more simple to the automotive acoustics. From the empirical results, it is verified that the performance of deadening materials is closely connected with thickness of panels, type of filling material that is filled into a double panel, and area ratio of double panel.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7812-7819
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• 2015

Nursing students experienced anxiety and fear of building relationships with psychiatric patients due to lack of professional knowledge about metal illness and skill to take care of the patients. The simulation education is known as an effective teaching-learning method since being performed in a non-threatening environment similar to clinical setting. The purpose of this nonequivalent quasi-experimental study was to identify the effect of simulation on anxiety and self-confidence about the psychiatric-mental health nursing practice. The third year nursing students at a three year nursing program were participated in this study. For the experimental group (N=28) the simulation education using the standardized patient based on the scenario for patients with schizophrenia was performed, and for the control group (N=18), the debated education applying the case study same as for the experimental group was made in the class. Using SPSS, t-test and ANCOVA were analyzed to compare the anxiety and self-confidence between the experimental and control groups. As a result of the study, the anxiety score on psychiatric-mental health nursing clinical practice of the experimental group significantly decreased, compared to that of the control group, but the self-confidence score for the performance of psychiatric nursing care showed no significant differences between the groups. Accordingly the simulation education can be an effective educational method to reduce anxiety about psychiatric-mental health nursing clinical practice for nursing students.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.180-184
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• 2008

Fire prevention strategies should be aimed at the prevention of structured fire since average annual rates of structured fire have been increased due to economic growth resulted in increasing high rise buildings and multipurpose occupancies over the past ten years. Hence, this study mainly focused on the improve method and problems in the field test of fire detector in compliances with experimental consideration. And it leads us to the flowing conclusions : Firstly, it is necessary to formulate a safety standards on field test. Nowadays, the test enforced in many ways without formulated standard. Therefore it is necessary to be complete the arrangements standardized and how to do the test with formulated safety standards. Second, it is necessary to establish the regal guidance with regard to inspection equipment, ie density, component and temperature of test equipment should be considered. Also the equipment is need to be standardized and improved. Third, fire inspector's competency in their practice should be enhanced. The problems arising from the lack of knowledge and competence regarding inspection could be settled by providing professional education to ensure proficiency in their practice. Specialized training, as has been noted, should be offered in accordance with occupancy type, scale and fire protection system in the fire facilities.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.339-347
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• 2014

Floor impact sound in high-rise apartment building became one of social problems. A lot of civil complaints on floor impact sound occur continuously and the number of disputes between neighbors in small and aged apartment buildings is increasing. Interests on heavy-weight impact sound pressure level measurement and evaluation method is increased. Previous study reported that heavy-weight impact sound level was changed by the sound field condition of receiving reverberation chamber. In this study, heavy-weight impact sound pressure level change by the receiving sound field condition was measured in standard test facility and mock-up test room. These two experimental conditions were designed to simulate averaged living room of common apartment units. By the change of sound absorption power in receiving room, heavy-weight impact sound pressure level in most of frequency bands were changed in standard test facility and mock-up room. Normalized maximum sound pressure level regulated in ISO 16032 showed wider range of heavy/soft impact sound pressure level. Heavy/soft impact sound pressure level change was became smaller by the application of standardized maximum sound pressure level and ISO/CD 10140-3 Amd 2 method. In the case of standardized maximum sound pressure level, absolute sound pressure level changed. From these results, receiving sound field correction method regulated in ISO/CD 10140-3 Amd 2 is needed for the precision measurement and evaluation of heavy-weight impact sound.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-58
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• 2011

The subject of the ongoing research work is to analyze the composite action of the structural elements of composite slabs with profiled steel decking by experimental and numerical studies. The mechanical and frictional interlocks result in a complex behaviour and failure under horizontal shear action. This is why the design characteristics can be determined only by standardized experiments. The aim of the current research is to develop a computational method which can predict the behaviour of embossed mechanical bond under shear actions, in order to derive the design characteristics of composite slabs with profiled steel decking. In the first phase of the research a novel experimental analysis is completed on an individual concrete encased embossment of steel strip under shear action. The experimental behaviour modes and failure mechanisms are determined. In parallel with the tests a finite element model is developed to follow the ultimate behaviour of this type of embossment, assuming that the phenomenon is governed by the failure of the steel part. The model is verified and applied to analyse the effect of embossment's parameters on the behaviour. In the extended investigation different friction coefficients, plate thicknesses, heights and the size effects are studied. On the basis of the results the tendencies of the ultimate behaviour and resistance by the studied embossment's characteristics are concluded.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2005

Background : Over the last thirty years, majority of researches on clinical effectiveness of acupuncture have been explanatory (or experimental) randomized controlled trial. The benefits of acupuncture in clinical trials are still controversial and most studies concluded that further control studies were required. Standardized combinations of acupuncture points for all the experimental subjects in various past studies have been criticized because such treatments do not reflect current routine clinical treatment. Objective : This paper aims to review pragmatic clinical trials on the effect of acupuncture treatment and to develop the ideal clinical research methodology of acupuncture study. Method : Clinical studies of acupuncture relevant with pragmatic or individualized trials were searched mainly in Pubmed and Science direct databases. All articles were fully reviewed by researchers, and data were evaluated by usage of a standardized form. Results & Suggestion : Pragmatic acupuncture researches were tried for various symptoms (eg. low back pain, hypertension, depression during pregnancy, sleep quality in HIV disease, chronic poststroke leg spasticity, headache, etc). Individualized acupuncture treatments based on oriental disease pattern diagnosis reflexes practical treatments which is more effective than unified and fixed acupuncture treatments without any theoretical basis of oriental medical philosophy. Conclusion : To overcome the controversies and limitations of past explanatory acupuncture trials, more individualized and tailored acupuncture trials with the theoretical basis of oriental medical diagnosis is highly recommended. Also clear definition and categorization of pattern identification should be established for further active clinical researches and applications of acupuncture.