• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.95-112
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• 2009

The paper investigates the determinants of firm's standardization activity in the Korean service industry. Standardization variables as dependent ones are standardization management at the firm level, domestic standardization activity, and international standardization activity. The independent variables include innovative activities(R&D intensity and patent application), firm size, export ratio, network, and firm's organization characteristics. We estimated the logistic regression model, using the data from 102 Korean service firms. The empirical findings are as follows. First, R&D intensity has a positive effect on international standardization activity, but not on the standardization management at the firm level and domestic standardization activity. Second, patent application has a negative effect on the standardization management at the firm level. Third, firm size doesn't have any influence on firms' standardization activities in the service sector. Fourth, the level of chief executive officer's interest on standardization is a very important factor in determining firms' efforts to participate standardization process, regardless of types of standardization activity.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1694-1714
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• 2007

This study is to estimate economic benefits of Standardization R&D of Urban Rail System. Benefit was to be realized through standardization of main areas such as train vehicle, railway, power system, and signal system. To derive and calculate the quantitative benefit, the sources of economic impact was divided into three dimensions -operational cost savings, import substitution, and safety effects. Economic effect of the standardization was categorized based on a modified BSC model. Economic benefits from time and labor savings are converted into cost savings. Import substitution and investment multiplier effect have a positive impact in addition to cost savings. The estimation of the standardization R&D of Urban Rail System was conservatively estimated 370 billion Won. Cost effectiveness of standardized safety system was conservatively translated into economic benefit in this analysis. This study provides a practical guide to economic evaluation of the various railway R&D projects.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.53-62
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• 2012

U-City means the high-tech city that applied ubiquitous technology and information communication technology. U-City aims to intensify urban competitiveness and to improve the quality of residents' life through efficient management of the urban. Currently, 77 U-City projects is underway. The each project cost and scale estimate is not clear in the absence of the U-Service Standardization Model. So, many of the project are trouble about making a production the proper number of U-Service or the cost of project. The excessive service construction is reflected on the construction costs, which leads to the rise of sales price and passes onto the executor of a project as a burden of the project costs, and the problem of the delay of the change-over occurs due to supporting the operation costs for the operation of the constructed service and the demand for additional installation of facilities between a local autonomous entity and the executor of a project. In this paper, we suggested the U-Services Construction Standardization Methods and proposed the standardization services guideline of crime prevention services. U-City services in the future are able to maintain the consistency of the system through the utilization of the proposed standard model. As a result, the U-City project's pre-estimated cost and scale can be extracted.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.129-151
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• 1994

This paper focuses on method of setting priorities for telecommunications Standardization in which usually includes prioritization, resource allocation, standardization schedule for each SWA is based on prioritization of SWAs. We mainly used the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and a modified Delphi technique as a method for planning process. Recently, rapid technology evolution in telecommunications fields increases the necessity of developing more and more new standards. Also increased complexity of technologies makes standards more complicated, more specified and more thick than the past ones. As a result, the number of SWAa(Standardization Work Areas) and SWIs(Standardization Work Iterms) is being increased continuously. Furthermore, rapid telecommunication environment changes such as deregulation, liberalization, privatization, regionalization, and globalization surrounding telecommunications standardization grows increasingly important. To cope with these challenges and to make the more efficient use of the limited standardization resources, i.e., time, financial, personal resources, we will suggest logical and rational approach that is a backbone of strategic plan for telecommunication standardization. The telecommunication standardization planning process involves a MCDM(Multi-Criteria Decision Making) process. The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) is a kind of MCDM approach. Our method is based on a combination of a modified Delphi technique and an application of AHP(spreadsheet model). Analyzed data from Delphi technique is used as inputs to AHP. In addition we also focus on the technique how to combine group judgments and to handle a large number of comparisons.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.103-106
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• 2003

This paper proposes an index model which can measure the degree of standardization in the Korean ICT field. We first classified ICT sector into 14 sub-sectors. Then for each sub-sector, we considered a set of important determinants to measure the level of standardization, and constructed a linear equation using this set of determinants. Finally we estimated the relative degree of importance of each determinant using the AHP methodology. The proposed model found that overall level of standardization in the Korean ICT industry is relatively low, and "IMT-2000 technology" and "computer network technology" among 14 sub-sectors are highly standardized sub-sectors, Finally, the validity of the proposed model was also partially proved using two different methods, holistic and historical approach.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.505-516
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• 2015

We consider sparse high-dimensional linear regression models. Penalized regressions have been used as effective methods for variable selection and estimation in high-dimensional models. In penalized regressions, it is common practice to standardize variables before fitting a penalized model and then fit a penalized model with standardized variables. Finally, the estimated coefficients from a penalized model are recovered to the scale on original variables. However, these procedures produce a slightly different solution compared to the corresponding original penalized problem. In this paper, we investigate issues on the standardization of variables in penalized regressions and formulate the definition of the standardized penalized estimator. In addition, we compare the original penalized estimator with the standardized penalized estimator through simulation studies and real data analysis.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

Objective : The college of Korean medicine uses a variety of Korean medical classics. Thus, in order to overcome the natural difference of the details of their curriculum, this paper aims to study the usage of Flipped Learning as a way of standardizing the curriculum that teach Korean medical classics. Method : One effective teaching and learning methodology, which is called for by the changing educational paradigm, is Flipped Learning. To introduce this learning method, which is actively applied to different curriculum, the paper revises the goal of learning objectives and introduces a teaching model of Flipped Learning in order to suggest the standardization of Korean medical educations through the re-design of the curriculum for Korean medical classics. Result : The professors of the Korean medical classics must work together to use the revised learning objectives and teaching model and create a set of lectures to serve as a basis of educational standardization. Conclusion : The standardization of the education of Korean medical classics through the Flipped Learning method could pre-emptively deal with the Korean medical doctor's capacity model that is in development now.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.564-581
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• 2009

The paper investigates the determinants of firm's standardization activity in the Korean manufacturing industry. Standardization variables as dependent ones are standardization management at the firm level, accreditation activity, domestic standards utilization, and international standards utilization. The independent variables include innovative activities(R&D intensity and patent application), firm size, export ratio, networks, and firm's organization characteristics. We estimated the logistic regression model, using the data from 636 Korean manufacturing firms. The empirical findings are as follows. First, R&D intensity doesn't have any influence on standardization activities, except the utilization of international standards. Second, patent application has a positive effect on standardization management at the firm level and accreditation activity, respectively. Third, the inverse U-shape hypothesis relating firm size is accepted for standardization management and accreditation, respectively. Fourth, the level of chief executive officer's interest on standardization is a very important factor in determining firms' efforts to participate standardization process, regardless of types of standardization activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.847-864
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• 1995

In this paper we present an integrated methodology for strategic planning in telecommunications standardization. Especially this paper focuses on the method of setting priorities for telecommunications SWAs(Standardization Work Areas) and related SWls(Standardization Work Items). To make a strategic plan for telecommunications standardization in which usually includes prioritization, resource allocation, standardization schedule for each SWA is based on prioritization of SWAs. Our methodology integrated various existing methods including the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and a modified Delphi technique. Recently, rapid technology evolution in telecommunications fields increases the necessity of developing more and more new standards. Also increased complexity of those technologies makes standards more complicated, more specified and more thick than the past ones. As a result, the number of SWAs and SWIs are being increased constantly. Furthermore, rapid telecommunication environment changes such as deregulation, liberalization, privatization, regionalization, and globalization surrounding standardization bring about new challenges and opportunities. Due to all these trends, strategic planning for telecommunications standardization grows more and more important. To cope with these challenges and also to make the more efficient use of the limited standardization resources including time, financial, human resources, we suggest more logical and rational approach that will be a backbone of strategic plan for telecommunications standardization. The telecommunications standardization planning process involves a MCDM(Multi-Criteria Decision Making) process. The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) is a kind of MCDM approaches. Our method is based on a combination of a modified Delphi technique and an application of AHP(Liberator's spreadsheet model). Analyzed data from Delphi technique is used as inputs to ABP. In addition, we also focus on the technique how to combine group judgments and to handle a large number of comparisons. We present analyzed results including Pilot and Full Scale Survey according to the proposed process. The result of this study will be useful input for telecommunications standardization policy making and practical implementation.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.117-140
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• 1996

CALS is recognized as a national response to the new chapter of information society. It is essential that the standardization in Korea should be constructed compatible with not only domestic but also international standardization trend. This study aims to propose a proper direction of CALS standardization in Korea, based on the international CALS standardization movement. This paper classifies standard into five types and provides a proper direction and guidance far each standard. As a trend of CALS standard, all ten data files are converted using SGML standard far the interchangeability of data among heterogenous systems. CAD and Graphic data arc also moving toward to the STEP as their standard. In this regard, this paper discusses how to implement SGML and STEP Model. Finally, this paper proposes a method how to construct an EDI system with CALS standard and how to establish a standard authorization institute which will be responsible far the standard authorization. Furthermore, this paper also proposes the CALS Test Network (CTN) as its experimental method.