• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.117-122
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• 2018

In this study, HU(hounsfield unit) value of CT generated by dental prosthesis was measured according to the type of metal when PET-CT was performed, and the degree of distortion and standard deviation of SUV(standard uptake value) and to propose a method to reduce errors in image reading. PET-CT was performed using actual teeth, metal crown, gold crown, titanium, and zirconia dental prosthesis. Compared with general teeth, the SUV value increased with increasing HU value. The SUV value of metal crown, titanium, and zirconia was increased by 37% and the gold crown increased by 45.4%. In addition, image distortions were small in general teeth, metal crown, titanium, and zirconia, but hard curing of the gold crown occurred and image distortion occurred. Therefore, since the metal type of the dental prosthesis affects the SUV value, the NAC(non attenuation correction) PET image of the dental prosthesis can be helpful in the diagnosis of the patient using the gold material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1228-1241
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• 2011

This research compares the change in berberine content in liquid dye and the color and dye uptake of amur cork tree dyed silk upon thermal degradation treatment. Thermal degradation of amur cork tree extract and liquid dye of standard berberine was carried out at room temperature, $4^{\circ}C$ refrigeration, and $100^{\circ}C$ oven conditions for 0-192 hours. Amur cork tree dyed silk was treated in a $100^{\circ}C$ oven for 0-240 hours. The berberine content in liquid dye was measured by the relative abundance of the berberine peak in the HPLC-MS chromatograms. The color and dye uptake of dyed silk was measured using K/S value and colorimetric data. The berberine content in standard berberine dye was 2.4 times that of the amur cork tree extract. A similar result was observed between the K/S value of standard berberine dyed silk and that of amur cork tree dyed silk. The berberine dyed silk showed the highest dye uptake after 120 hours in a $100^{\circ}C$ oven. This result was similar to the change in a berberine content in liquid dye in a $100^{\circ}C$ oven treatment. The change of the K/S value of amur cork tree dyed silk and berberine content of amur cork tree extract was similar up to 24 hours. The result suggests that there is a direct relationship between the color change of amur cork tree dyed silk and the berberine content in amur cork tree dye.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.298-298
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• 2009

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.337.2-337.2
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• 2005

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.41-53
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• 1970

Although the radioisotope liver scan has primarily been of use in the detection of the intra-hepatic space occupying lesions, there has been an increasing awareness of its use in evaluation of liver function. In this study, the degree of hepatomegaly, changes in shape and mottling radiodensity on each lobe and splenic visualization in the liver scans done with colloidal radiogold were numerically expressed as scores under the arbitrary standard in 210 patients with liver cirrhosis. The clinical value of this scoring system was studied with special regards to the correlation between the radiogold hepatic uptake half time and conventional liver function tests. Following were the results; 1) The normal scan appeared in 6.7% of 210 patients with liver cirrhosis. 2) The colloidal radiogold hepatic uptake half time was abnormally and progressively prolonged in parallel to severity of hepatocellular dysfunction. The mean hepatic uptake half time in cirrhosis showing normal scan was $2.76{\pm}0.73$ minutes. 3) The scoring system was well correlated with the serum albumin and globulin levels, A/G ratio and BSP retention. There was some correlative tendency in alkaline phosphatase activity. 4) There was no correlation with the thymol turbidity test, cholesterol levels, transaminase activities and bilirubin levels. 5) The spleen was visualized in 38.6% of total patients with liver cirrhosis. Excluding normal scans in liver cirrhosis, the spleen was visualized in 41.3%. 6) The scoring system appears to confirm the clinical diagnosis and to give a reliable estimate of the degree of hepatocellular dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.241-248
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• 2014

The purpose of this study were to analyze the clinical correlation between the thyroid autoimmune antibodies (anti-TPO Ab, anti-TG Ab, and TSH) and the maximum standardized uptake value ($SUV_{max}$) base on the Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the Graves' disease in diffusely $^{18}F-FDG$ uptake of the thyroid gland to the PET/CT image. To achieve this, we was performed the PET/CT examination for the 1,097 subjects from May 2010 to April 2013 in the health screening, and was detected the diffused FDG thyroid uptake, and was additionally performed the thyroid function test (TFT) and the ultrasound (US). As a results, the autoimmune thyroid disease with the diffused FDG thyroid uptake were discovered 39 patients (3.9%), of this, the Hashimoto's thyroiditis was 43.6% and the Graves' disease was 23.1%. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was shown the positive reaction of high titer between the anti-TPO Ab and the anti-TG Ab level, and the correlation coefficient between the $SUV_{max}$ and the anti-TPO Ab was a statistically significant (r>04, p<0.05). Also, Graves' disease was shown the positive reaction of high titer most of the thyroid autoimmune antibodies, and the correlation coefficient between the $SUV_{max}$ and the anti-TPO Ab was a statistically significant (r>05, p<0.01). Therefor, when have a high standard of the $SUV_{max}$ due to the diffusely $^{18}F-FDG$ uptake of the thyroid gland, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease were proportionally increased the anti-TPO Ab and TSH level, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the $SUV_{max}$ and the thyroid autoimmune antibodies will be the most influential criterion that was a standard of judgment for the epihpenomenon of the autoimmune thyroid disease, and it will be available for the clinical application.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.174-182
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• 2010

In this study, we evaluated feasibility of applying MTV (Metabolic Target Volume) to respiratory gated radiotherapy for more accurate treatment using various SUV (Standard Uptake Value) from PET images. We compared VOI (Volume of Interest) images from 50%, 30% and 5% SUV (standard uptake volume) from PET scan of an artificial target with GTV (Gross Tumor Volume) images defined by percentage of respiratory phase from 4D-CT scan for respiratory gated radiotherapy. It is found that the difference of VOI of 30% SUV is reduced noticeably comparing with that of 50% SUV in longitudinal direction with respect to total GTV of 4D-CT image. Difference of VOI of 30% SUV from 4D-PET image defined by respiratory phase from 25% inhalation to 25% exhalation, and GTV from 4D-CT with the same phase is shown below 0.6 cm in maximum. Thus, it is better to use 4D-PET images than conventional PET images for applying MTV to gated RT. From the result that VOI of 5% SUV from 4D-PET agrees well with reference image of 4D-CT in all direction, and the recommendation from department of nuclear medicine that 30% SUV be advised for defining tumor range, it is found that using less than 30%SUV will be more accurate and practical to apply MTV for respiratory gated radiotherapy.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2007

Purpose: Metastatic thyroid cancers with I-131 uptake have been known to show no increase of FDG uptake whereas those without I-131 uptake tend to demonstrate increased uptake on PET. In this study, we evaluated the degree of FDG uptake in primary thyroid cancers of papillary histology before surgery. Material & Methods: Forty FDG PET studies were performed on the patients who had papillary cancer proven by fine needle aspiration. The degree of FDG uptake was visually categorized as positive or negative (positive if the tumor showed discernible FDG; negative if the tumor didn't) and the peak standard uptake value (peak SUV) of the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) were compared with the size of PTC. Results: The mean size of 26 PTC with positive FDG uptake was $1.9{\pm}1.4\;cm(0.5{\sim}5\;cm)$. In 13 PTC with negative FDG uptake, the mean size of those was $0.5{\pm}0.2\;cm\;(0.2{\sim}0.9\;cm)$. All PTC larger than 1cm ($2.5{\pm}1.4\;cm,\;1{\sim}5\;cm$) have positive FDG uptake (peak $SUV=6.4{\pm}5.7,\;1.7{\sim}22.7$). Among the micropapillary thyroid cancer (microPTC; PTC smaller than 1cm), 8 microPTC show positive FDG uptake(peak $SUV=2.9{\pm}1.3,\;1.7{\sim}5.5$), while 13 microPTC show negative finding(peak $SUV=1.3{\pm}0.2,\;1.1{\sim}1.7$). The size of microPTC with positive FDG uptake is significantly larger than that of microPTC with negative FDG uptake ($0.7{\pm}0.1\;cm$ vs $0.4{\pm}0.2\;cm$, p=0.01). Conclusion: All PTCs larger than 1cm show positive FDG uptake in our study. In other words, thyroid lesions larger than 1cm with negative FDG uptake are unlikely to be PTC. So far, only poorly differentiated thyroid cancers are known to show increased FDG uptake. Our results seem to be contradictory to what is known in the literature. Further study is needed to understand better the significance of increased FDG uptake in PTC in relation to expression of NIS and GLUT.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.60-71
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• 2020

Purpose: The utility of 18-fluordesoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([¹⁸F]-FDG-PET) combined with computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in gastric cancer remains controversial and a rationale for patient selection is desired. This study aims to establish a preclinical patient-derived xenograft (PDX) based [¹⁸F]-FDG-PET/MRI protocol for gastric cancer and compare different PDX models regarding tumor growth and FDG uptake. Materials and Methods: Female BALB/c nu/nu mice were implanted orthotopically and subcutaneously with gastric cancer PDX. [¹⁸F]-FDG-PET/MRI scanning protocol evaluation included different tumor sizes, FDG doses, scanning intervals, and organ-specific uptake. FDG avidity of similar PDX cases were compared between ortho- and heterotopic tumor implantation methods. Microscopic and immunohistochemical investigations were performed to confirm tumor growth and correlate the glycolysis markers glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and hexokinase 2 (HK2) with FDG uptake. Results: Organ-specific uptake analysis showed specific FDG avidity of the tumor tissue. Standard scanning protocol was determined to include 150 μCi FDG injection dose and scanning after one hour. Comparison of heterotopic and orthotopic implanted mice revealed a long growth interval for orthotopic models with a high uptake in similar PDX tissues. The H-score of GLUT1 and HK2 expression in tumor cells correlated with the measured maximal standardized uptake value values (GLUT1: Pearson r=0.743, P=0.009; HK2: Pearson r=0.605, P=0.049). Conclusions: This preclinical gastric cancer PDX based [¹⁸F]-FDG-PET/MRI protocol reveals tumor specific FDG uptake and shows correlation to glucose metabolic proteins. Our findings provide a PET/MRI PDX model that can be applicable for translational gastric cancer research.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.384-393
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• 2017

Purpose: The tumor microenvironment is known to be associated with the metabolic activity of cancer cells and local immune reactions. We hypothesized that glucose metabolism measured by 2-deoxy-2-($^{18}F$)fluoro-D-glucose ($^{18}F-FDG$) positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) ($^{18}F-FDG$ PET-CT) would be associated with local immune responses evaluated according to the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 56 patients who underwent $^{18}F-FDG$ PET-CT prior to gastrectomy. In resected tumor specimens, TIL subsets, including cluster of differentiation (CD) 3, CD4, CD8, Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), and granzyme B, were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) was calculated as: ($10{\times}serum$ albumin value)+($0.005{\times}peripheral$ lymphocyte counts). Additionally, the maximum standard uptake value ($SUV_{max}$) was calculated to evaluate the metabolic activity of cancer cells. Results: The $SUV_{max}$ was positively correlated with larger tumor size (R=0.293; P=0.029) and negatively correlated with PNI (R=-0.407; P=0.002). A higher $SUV_{max}$ showed a marginal association with higher CD3 (+) T lymphocyte counts (R=0.227; P=0.092) and a significant association with higher Foxp3 (+) T lymphocyte counts (R=0.431; P=0.009). No other clinicopathological characteristics were associated with $SUV_{max}$ or TILs. Survival analysis, however, indicated that neither $SUV_{max}$ nor Foxp3 held prognostic significance. Conclusions: FDG uptake on PET-CT could be associated with TILs, especially regulatory T cells, in gastric cancer. This finding may suggest that PET-CT could be of use as a non-invasive tool for monitoring the tumor microenvironment in patients with gastric cancer.