• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
• /
• 제52권10호
• /
• pp.606-610
• /
• 2003

Noise subtraction using reference channel data has been used to improve signal-to-noise ratio in magnetoencephalography. In this paper, an adaptive noise subtraction model is proposed and parameters for the model are optimized. A criterion to determine an optimal update period for the filter coefficients is proposed based on the ratio of peak amplitude of evoked field (N100m) divided by the output standard deviation. Experiments are carried out using a 40 channel MEG system. From the experiments, the proposed noise subtraction method shows superior performances over existing non-adaptive methods. Two-dimensional topographic map is shown for a diagnosis with a cubic spline interpolation.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.183-188
• /
• 2002

Adverse reactions associated with acupuncture are common even in standard practice. The incidence of recorded reactions are various from mild symptoms: tiredness, itching, dizziness or nausea to serious symptoms: pneumothorax, cardiac injury or infection. Recently we experienced one patient, a 36-year-old woman, admitted to the emergency department with chest pain, dyspnea and back pain one hour after acupuncture treatment. The diagnosis was a left-sided pneumothorax by chest PA X-ray and chest HR CT. In this study, we differentiate spontaneous pneumothorax from misunderstood iatrogenic. Further evaluation between adverse effects and similar symptoms is needed.

• 한국철도학회논문집
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.307-311
• /
• 2004

Arresters are the best protective device on electrical power systems against transient overvoltages generated by lightning and/or switching operation. Nonetheless, arresters are deteriorated by absorption of moisture in the environments of its use, repetition in the protective operation to overvoltages, and some defects at manufacturing. It is therefore important to estimate the electrical characteristic changes of ZnO blocks. In this paper, an accelerated ageing test by a standard lightning impulse current was carried out to extract parameters needed for arrester diagnosis, and leakage current components were measured. Total energy applied to the ZnO blocks at each time is about 1,050[J] in 8/20[${\mu}\textrm{s}$] impulse current. From the experimental results, we proposed electrical parameters and leakage current level to diagnose arrester soundness.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.191-196
• /
• 2011

Noroviruses (noroV) are the major cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Since noroV cannot yet be cultured in vitro and their diagnosis by electron microscopy requires at least $10^6$ viral particles/g of stool a variety of molecular detection techniques represent an important step towards the detection of noroV. In the present study, we have applied real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (real-time NASBA) for simultaneous detection of NoroV genogroup I (GI) and genogroup II (GII) using standard viral RNA. For real-time NASBA assay which can detected noroV GI and GII, a selective region of the genes encoding the capsid protein was used to design primers and genotype-specific molecular beacon probes. The specificity of the real-time NASBA using newly designed primers and probes were confirmed using standard viral RNA of noroV GI and GII. To determine the sensitivity of this assay, serial 10-fold dilutions of standard viral RNA of noroV GI and GII were used for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time NASBA. The results showed that while agarose gel electrophoresis could detect RT-PCR products with 10 pg of standard viral RNA, the real-time NASBA assay could detect 100 fg of standard viral RNA. These results suggested that the real-time NASBA assay has much higher sensitivity than conventional RT-PCR assay. This assay was expected that might detect the viral RNA in the specimens which could have been false negative by RT-PCR. There were needed to perform real-time NASBA with clinical specimens for evaluating accurate sensitivity and specificity of this assay.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2002

목적: 섬광 근접측정법은 항원 항체 반응 후 결합 분획과 유리분획을 분리하는 과정이 필요없다. 이러한 원리를 검체 내 hCG와 항 ${\alpha}$ hCG 항체간의 항원 항체 반응에 적용하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 항 ${\alpha}$ hCG 항체를 biotin과 결합시켜 SPA bead에 부착된 streptavidin과 부착 가능하게 만들었다. 이 측정법은 항 ${\alpha}$ hCG 항체가 부착된 SPA beads에 대해 혈청내 hCG와 표지항원인 $[^{125}I]hCG$간의 경쟁 반응을 기본 원리로 이용하였다. Biotin 표지 항 ${\alpha}$ hCG 항체를 $[^{125}I]hCG\;100{\mu}{\ell}$와 표준용액이나 환자 혈청 $200{\mu}{\ell}$이 들어있는 실온에서 20분 방치하였다. 그리고 streptavidin이 붙은 SPA beads $20{\mu}{\ell}$를 바이알에 넣고 10분 더 방치한다. 환자 혈청의 수치를 표준 응답곡선을 통해 계산하였다. 결과: SPA측정법에 사용되는 방사성 핵종의 방사능 양에 따라 반응용액 속에서 SPA bead와 자유 방사성 핵종에 의한 배후 방사능이 측정값에 영향이 없음을 확인하였다. SPA 방법을 응용한 측정에서 적합한 표준 응답곡선을 얻었고, 실제 환자혈청에서의 hCG 농도를 결정할 수 있었다. 결론: 이 실험을 통해 SPA 방법을 이용한 측정법이 임상진단에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.475-483
• /
• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 학교체육 현장 속에서 운동문화의 새로운 패러다임을 시도하고자 운영되고 있는 선진형 학교운동부 운영시스템을 바탕으로 본 제도가 적용하고 있는 상대적 최저학력 기준을 토대로 학생 운동선수들의 학력 수준을 심층적으로 분석하고 현 시대적 흐름과 융복합적 변화에 맞는 대안을 모색하는데 있다. 종목별 최저학력기준 적용과목 간 학업성적의 차이를 분석하기 위해 one-way ANOVA와 MANOVA 방법을 사용하였다. 연구결과를 통해 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 종목별 학생 운동선수들의 학업성적 평균 점수는 대부분 일반학생들이 나타내는 학업성적 평균 점수에 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 일반학생들과의 상대적 기준을 적용함에 있어서 학업성적이 높아질 때마다 학생 운동선수들은 최저학력 기준에 미도달 될 수 있는 확률이 높아지는 것으로 예측되었다. 셋째, 종목별 학생 운동선수들 간의 학업성적 평균 점수에 현 최저학력 기준을 단계적으로 적용시켜도 최저학력에 도달하는 비율은 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.746-754
• /
• 1996

목적: 미만성 간질성 폐질환은 공통의 임상 양상, 방사선 소견, 폐기능 장애 소견을 갖는, 무수히 많은 원인 질환들로 구성되어 있어 개흉폐생검 등의 조직학적 진단이 표준으로 받아들여지고 있지만 관혈적 진단 방법이라는 단점이 있다. 고해상도 전산화단층촬영은 해상력을 높이고 음영의 중첩 효과를 최소화함으로써 폐간질의 미세한 변화까지 관찰할 수 있게 하겨 미만성 간질성 폐질환의 진단에 매우 유용한 진단 방법이다. 저자들은 이런 고해상도 전산화단층촬영을 한 환자에서 개흉폐생검을 시행하여 진단 및 치료에 어느 정도의 추가 이익을 얻을 수 있었는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 1988년 3월부터 1994년 7월까지 미만성 간질성 폐질환의 진단적 목적으로 개흉폐생검을 시행한 30예의 환자들을 대상으로 후향적으로 고해상도 전산화단층촬영의 진단과 개흉폐생검외 진단 결과를 비교하고 각 환자들의 치료 방침을 조사하였다. 결과: 고해상도 전산화단층촬영은 28예에서 시행되었는데 이 중 22예(78.6%)에서 특이적 진단이 가능하였고 22예 중 20예에서는 개흉폐생검에 의해 같은 진단으로 확진되었다. 나머지 2예 중 1예는 개흉폐생검 결과가 비특이적이었다. 개흉폐생검은 전체 30예 중 25예(83.3%)에서 특이적 진단을 하였다. 또한 고해상도 전산화단층촬영으로 특이 진단이 불가능하였다. 6예 중 5 예(83.3%)에서 특이적 진단을 하였다. 전체 30예 중 단지 2예에서만 치료 방침의 결정적인 변화가 있었다. 결론: 미만성 간질성 폐질환 환자에서 고해상도 전산화단층촬영이 특이적 진단을 강력히 시사하는 경우에 개흉폐생검의 펼요성 여부에 대해서는 재검토가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.107-145
• /
• 2023

The first edition of 'A Standardized Pathology Report for Gastric Cancer' was initiated by the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists and published 17 years ago. Since then, significant advances have been made in the pathologic diagnosis, molecular genetics, and management of gastric cancer (GC). To reflect those changes, a committee for publishing a second edition of the report was formed within the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists. This second edition consists of two parts: standard data elements and conditional data elements. The standard data elements contain the basic pathologic findings and items necessary to predict the prognosis of GC patients, and they are adequate for routine surgical pathology service. Other diagnostic and prognostic factors relevant to adjuvant therapy, including molecular biomarkers, are classified as conditional data elements to allow each pathologist to selectively choose items appropriate to the environment in their institution. We trust that the standardized pathology report will be helpful for GC diagnosis and facilitate large-scale multidisciplinary collaborative studies.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제72권3호
• /
• pp.293-301
• /
• 2012

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) requires prompt and appropriate treatment. Since methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent pathogen in VAP, rapid identification of it, is pivotal. Our aim was to evaluate the utility of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a useful method for etiologic diagnoses of MRSA pneumonia. Methods: We performed qPCR for mecA, S. aureus-specific femA-SA, and S. epidermidis-specific femA-SE genes from bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial washing samples obtained from clinically-suspected VAP. Molecular identification of MRSA was based on the presence of the mecA and femA-SA gene, with the absence of the femA-SE gene. To compensate for the experimental and clinical conditions, we spiked an internal control in the course of DNA extraction. We estimated number of colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) of MRSA samples through a standard curve of a serially-diluted reference MRSA strain. We compared the threshold cycle (Ct) value with the microbiologic results of MRSA. Results: We obtained the mecA gene standard curve, which showed the detection limit of the mecA gene to be 100 fg, which corresponds to a copy number of 30. We chose cut-off Ct values of 27.94 (equivalent to $1{\times}10^4$ CFU/mL) and 21.78 (equivalent to $1{\times}10^5$ CFU/mL). The sensitivity and specificity of our assay were 88.9% and 88.9% respectively, when compared with quantitative cultures. Conclusion: Our results were valuable for diagnosing and identifying pathogens involved in VAP. We believe our modified qPCR is an appropriate tool for the rapid diagnosis of clinical pathogens regarding patients in the intensive care unit.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제16권1호통권29호
• /
• pp.96-117
• /
• 1995

1. The Pung(風) is the necessary power for growth and maintenance of life. 2. The characteristics of the Pung(風) is the Yang evil, the features for opening and excretion, mobility and rapid change. That is the major cause of all diseases, and its mobility is the main character. 3. Jung Pung(中風) is the same concept of apoplexy in Western medicine. 4. Jung Pung(中風) is classified on the basis of pathology, anatomy, and histology in Western Medicine, but In Oriental Medicine that is classified on the basis of symptom and severity of disease. 5. In Western Medicine, Jung Pung(中風) was regarded as the local cause of disease, but in Oriental Medicine regarded as the physiological changes caused by the weakness of the whole body. 6. In the emergency care, the method of GaeKeum is compared to Levin tubing, the method of to the use of urokinase for the promotion of cerebrovascular circulatio, and the method of To(吐法) to suction for the elimination of Dam(痰), the method of Hun(熏法) to the use of solution for the improvement of circulation. 7. With the comparison of the cause and diagnosis, the hemorrhagic disease and infarction were regarded as the major agents in Western Medicine and the symptom appeared in the patient was the standard of diagnosis and therapy in Oriental Medicine. 8. In the Western therapy of cerebral hemorrhage, the method of coagulation and hemostasis was used for the elimination of hematoma and cerebral edema, but in Oriental Medicine, the method of YanghaelGiHael(凉血止血) was used for descending the PungHwa(風火) and hemostasis. 9. In the period of recovering injury, the physical therapy was underlined for the recovering of partial function in Western Medicine, the method of accupuncture and drug therapy was adapted for the normal function of the whole body.