• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.76-84
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• 2011

건축물 화재는 인명과 재산피해가 동시에 유발될 수 있는 인위 재해이며, 피해의 최소화하기 위해서는 건축물 설계단계부터 화재안전에 관한 요구사항 특히 내화성능을 충족해야만 한다. 강구조물에서의 보부재는 수평하중 전달과 바닥하중을 축부재로 전달하는 주요 구조부재이며, 주로 H형강으로 시공되고 있다. H형강의 내화성능은 내화피복 시공에 의해서 만족되고 있으나, 구조성능과 내화성능을 동시에 향상시킬 수 있는 콘크리트 충전 보부재의 내화성능에 관한 연구 그리고 작용 하중비에 따른 내화성능 연구는 미진한 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 H형강 보부재와 H형강 웨브에 보통강도 및 고강도 콘크리트가 충전된 H형강 보부재를 대상으로 내화성능과 하중비에 따른 한계온도 자료를 확보하여 향후 성능적 내화설계의 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.606-609
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• 1997

Technology in fire sprinklers has exploded. There is more private fire sprinkler research now than ever before. New technology in fire sprinklers has tested the existing standard and found that it was wrong in some cases, it has provided new sprinklers that control fire better while reducing the cost of the overall system. This expansion of the types and applications of fire sprinklers has created a great need for education for the Authorities Having Jurisdiction and the Engineer as they must be able to make informed decisions regarding this new technology. Significant research has been done at Factory Mutual Research Corporation and Underwriters Laboratory in the United States. Full scale fire testing is done to prove any new technology did not lower the level of protection of existing fire sprinkler system installations. In each and every case, the existing level of fire protection was the baseline against which the new sprinklers were tested. This level can not be lowered for the test to be considered a success. This is intended to be an overview of the developments in fire sprinklers. Although extensive detail is not included, the overall aspects of these developments can be discussed. The research that will be covered will include the following general subjects: high piled and rack storage sprinkler protection without in-rack sprinklers, extended coverage and quick response sprinklers for ordinary and light hazard occupancies, as well as special sprinklers and their applications.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.159-182
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• 2006

Current fire design codes for determining the temperature within the structural elements that form part of a complete building are based on isolated member tests subjected to the standard fire. However, the standard time-temperature response bears little relation to real fires and doesn't include the effects of differing ventilation conditions or the influence of the thermal properties of compartment linings. The degree to which temperature uniformity is present in real compartments is not addressed and direct flame impingement may also have an influence, which is not considered. It is clear that the complex thermal environmental that occurs within a real building subject to a natural fire can only be addressed using realistic full-scale tests. To study global structural and thermal behaviour, a research project was conducted on the eight storey steel frame building at the Building Research Establishment's Cardington laboratory. The fire compartment was 11 m long by 7 m wide. A fire load of $40kg/m^2$ was applied together with 100% of the permanent actions and variable permanent actions and 56% of live actions. This paper summarises the experimental programme and presents the time-temperature development in the fire compartment and in the main supporting structural elements. Comparisons are also made between the test results and the temperatures predicted by the structural fire Eurocodes.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2014

화재와 같은 고온 시 구조부재의 붕괴를 방지함으로써 재실자와 소방관계자 그리고 재산을 보호할 수 있는 방법은 구조부재의 내화성능을 확보하는 것이며, 이는 시방적 내화설계방법인 내화시험을 통하여 확보되어 왔다. 그러나 내화시험에 수반되는 시험체 제작과 운반 그리고 막대한 시험 비용의 반복적 사용 등은 새로운 공법과 재료 개발의 문제점으로 대두되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 일반 등급(SS 400) 강재의 고온 시 항복강도, 탄성계수와 열전달 및 열응력 해석을 적용하여 H형강 보부재의 표면온도 상승 및 고온 시 내력 변화를 평가하였다. 또한 H형강 보부재의 길이 변화에 따른 고온 시의 보부재의 내력평가를 수행하여 각각의 길이변화에 따른 내력 변화의 차이를 평가하였다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2013

The fire testing performed for smoke detector model approval in Korea tests only one kind of fire smoke. A photoelectric spot-type smoke detector using Mie scattering is affected by the wavelength of light beam and the particle diameter. According to UL (Underwriters Laboratories Inc.) 268 standard, this paper analyze the characteristic of the response for a photoelectric spot-type smoke detector on sale in Korea using various fire smokes. Probability that the response time is included in non-defective range is 100% in paper fire, 90% in wood fire and 75% in flammable liquid fire, 90% in wood fire and 75% in flammable liquid fire. According to the estimation for population mean of the response time choosing a confidence level of 99%, a maximum of 19% for wood fire and that of 38% for flammable liquid fire are defective. As the result of analysis of smoke particle, this paper is found that these results are caused by the smoke particles are wide variations in size or have very black.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2009

본 연구는 질석계 내화피복재를 뿜칠한 단순지지 TSC 합성보에 대해 하중 재하의 영향과 합성보의 형상, 웨브에 설치한 메탈라스의 영향 등을 변수로 내화성능 평가를 하였다. 내화피복재는 3시간 내화성능의 요구치가 40mm 이나 25mm만 뿜칠 후 내화실험을 실시하였다. 또한 강재 표면이 부착강도에 미치는 영향도 확인하였다. 실험결과 TSC 합성보에 25mm의 내화피복재를 뿜칠한 경우 재하와 비재하시험 모두 3시간의 내화성능을 확보하는 것으로 나타났다. 재하와 비재하에 대한 내화성능 기준으로 온도를 비교하면, 평균온도는 $250^{\circ}C$ 이하, 최고온도는 $310^{\circ}C$ 이하가 되었다. 또한 보의 형상 및 메탈라스의 부착 유소(昭)' 등에 의한 온도의 영향은 없었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2013

건물 내부에서 화재 발생 시 외벽에 설치된 유리벽이나 창이 파손되며 이를 통해 화염이 밖으로 노출되면 화재는 외벽을 타고 수직상승하며 급격히 확대될 수 있다. 이를 막기 위한 효과적인 방법으로는 현재 내화유리를 사용하거나 또는 유리가 화염에 견딜 수 있도록 냉각수 등으로 방호해주는 윈도우 스프링클러 방식이 있다. 본 연구에서는 실내 유리창 상단에 설치되어 화재 시 열기류에 의해 감열체가 개방되면 유리에 냉각수를 방수하며 화염으로부터 유리를 방호해주는 윈도우 헤드를 개발하여 이의 내화성능을 평가하고자 하였으며 이를 위해 실규모 수직가열로를 이용해 유리창 시험체를 표준 온도-시간곡선에 따라 가열하여 윈도우 헤드의 내화시험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 1개의 윈도우 헤드로 최대 너비 2,400 mm의 유리창을 2시간 동안 방호하는데 성공하였으며 이 때 유리창 이면의 최고온도는 국소적으로 $126^{\circ}C$까지 상승하였으나 평균 $100^{\circ}C$를 유지하며 안정된 내화성능을 나타내었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.121-139
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• 2021

Ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC) encased steel columns are receiving growing interest in high-rise buildings owing to their economic and architectural advantages. However, UHSC encased steel columns are not covered by the modern fire safety design code. A total of 14 fire tests are conducted on UHSC (120 MPa) encased steel columns under constant axial loads and exposed to ISO-834 standard fire. The effect of load ratio, slenderness, stirrup spacing, cross-section size and concrete cover to core steel on the fire resistance and failure mode of the specimens are investigated. The applicability of the tabulated method in EC4 (EN 1994-1-2-2005) and regression formula in Chinese code (DBJ/T 15-81-2011) to fire resistance of UHSC encased steel columns are checked. Generally, the test results reveal that the vertical displacement-heating time curves can be divided into two phases, i.e. thermal expansion and shortening to failure. It is found that the fire resistance of column specimens increases with the increase of the cross-section size and concrete cover to core steel, but decreases with the increase of the load ratio and slenderness. The EC4 method overestimates the fire resistance up to 186% (220 min), while the Chinese code underestimates it down to 49%. The Chinese code has a better agreement than EC4 with the test results since the former considers the effect of the load ratio, slenderness, cross section size directly in its empirical formula. To estimate the fire resistance precisely can improve the economy of structural fire design of ultra-high strength concrete encased steel columns.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2001년도 학술대회논문집
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• pp.157-162
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• 2001

There are many economic and operational reasons to integrate fire alarm signaling system with other building automation system. Integration of this requires communication standard and careful design practices. The important point for this is also the development of intelligent control modules for replacing the conventional zone adapter in fire system. Therefore, this paper proposes an new conceptual design of the distributed fire alarm signaling system and a new intelligent control modules with LonTalk protocol. Newly proposed additions to LonWorks network make it very well suited for integrating fire systems with other building automation systems. Additionally, it is very important that best design practices, test procedures and building codes need to be modernized to accommodate Integrated building systems.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2008년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.187-191
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• 2008

It is necessary to develop a technology for effectively controling explosive spalling of high strength concrete caused increasing construction of high rise building and putting up the fireproof standard of high strength concrete by MLTM (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs). Accordingly, it was investigated basic properties such as slump, air content and compressive strength, and fire resistance properties of high strength concrete using polypropylene fiber for field application as a countermeasure for explosive spalling of concrete on fire in this study, As a test result, it was confirmed that PP fiber is available as fire resistance method of high strength concrete.