• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.304-311
• /
• 2014

Disaster Resources are the resources used in the disaster fields such as fire, typhoon, flood, collapse, flood damage, distress, relief, sanitary, explosion and so forth. The resources are distributed by the several institutes including governmental agencies, public institution, and private sectors. When the large scale disaster is occurred, many kinds of the disaster resources are needed. But it is not easy to know where institutes has the needed resources, because the resource management systems are all distributed in the each institute. To integrate or connect the resource data among the systems, it need the several kinds of coordinations such as terms, classification, and resource exchange protocols. In this paper, we propose the standard specifications and how to connect and exchange the data among the systems.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.256-262
• /
• 2007

Image processing systems have been used to measure the plant parameters such as size, shape and structure of plants. There are yet some limited applications for evaluating plant colors due to illumination conditions. This study was focused to present adaptive methods to analyze plant leaf color regardless of illumination conditions. Color patches attached on the calibration bars were selected to represent leaf colors of lettuces and to test a possibility of health monitoring of lettuces. Repeatability of assigning leaf colors to color patches was investigated by two-tailed t-test for paired comparison. It resulted that there were no differences of assignment histogram between two images of one lettuce that were acquired at different light conditions. It supported that use of the calibration bars proposed for leaf color analysis provided color constancy, which was one of the most important issues in a video color analysis. A health discrimination equation was developed to classify lettuces into one of two classes, SOUND group and POOR group, using the machine vision. The classification accuracy of the developed health discrimination equation was 80.8%, compared to farmers' decision. This study could provide a feasible method to develop a standard color chart for evaluating leaf colors of plants and plant health monitoring system using the machine vision.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2001

This study shows that a functional order relationship of national highways in rural areas, which provides the functional system as a principal and minor arterial highways, can be established by the use of statististics. As a result, the adequate functional design criteria of those highways are proposed on the basis of the traffic characteristics in those areas. According to those statistical studies, a function of national highways in the national road network is proved to form three categories broadly. Especially, the survey results based on the traffic characteristics on each road sections show that the initially constructed national highways can not provide an adequate functional role as the arterial highways in the studied areas. In order to operate the intended national highways functionally as the arterial highways, the functional design criteria of highways and the standard order of highway facilities based on the design traffic speed should be considered as an alternative.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.147-158
• /
• 2021

Versatile Video Coding (VVC) is the latest video coding standard developed by Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET). In VVC, the quadtree plus multi-type tree (QT+MTT) structure of coding unit (CU) partition is adopted, and its computational complexity is considerably high due to the brute-force search for recursive rate-distortion (RD) optimization. In this paper, we aim to reduce the time complexity of inter-picture prediction mode since the inter prediction accounts for a large portion of the total encoding time. The problem can be defined as classifying the split mode of each CU. To classify the split mode effectively, a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) called multi-level tree (MLT-CNN) architecture is introduced. For boosting classification performance, we utilize additional information including inter-picture information while training the CNN. The overall algorithm including the MLT-CNN inference process is implemented on VVC Test Model (VTM) 11.0. The CUs of size 128×128 can be the inputs of the CNN. The sequences are encoded at the random access (RA) configuration with five QP values {22, 27, 32, 37, 42}. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the computational complexity by 11.53% on average, and 26.14% for the maximum with an average 1.01% of the increase in Bjøntegaard delta bit rate (BDBR). Especially, the proposed method shows higher performance on the sequences of the A and B classes, reducing 9.81%~26.14% of encoding time with 0.95%~3.28% of the BDBR increase.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.951-954
• /
• 2004

최근 디지털 지식기반 사회에 대응하는 교육의 형태로 e-Learning이 교육적 대안으로 급부상하면서, 시스템의 상호 운영성 및 컨텐츠 명세, 활용을 지원하기 위한 표준화에 따른 연구가 국내외에서 급속도로 확산되고 있다. 특히, 국제표준기관에서 제시한 e-Learning 개발 환경을 위한 Learning Technology Standard Architecture(LTSA)와 Sharable Content Object Reference Model(SCORM)을 제정하여 컨텐츠의 사용과 상호 호환을 가능하게 함으로써 e-Learning의 효율성을 증대시키고 산업 시장의 확장을 이룰 수 있다. 또한, 현재 많은 교육관련 업체에서는 SCORM 체계를 기반으로 한 학습 컨텐츠들을 개발하여 제공하고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 국제 표준 기술인 SCORM을 기반으로 개발된 학습 컨텐츠를 체계적으로 지원하기 위해 컨텐츠 관리 시스템 개발에 대한 기술을 정의하고, 다양한 관점의 컨텐츠 메타 데이터를 식별, 분류함으로써 컨텐츠의 생성과 저장, 검색 나아가 형상관리를 위한 기본 정보로 이용 가능하다. 또한 이들 메타 데이터를 기반으로 한 학습 컨텐츠 관리 시스템의 프로토타이핑을 제시함으로써 재사용성과 유지보수성 향상을 통해 컨텐츠 개발의 용이성과 품질 및 생산성을 높일 수 있다.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.3 no.5
• /
• pp.466-472
• /
• 2019

A system for continuous-wave coherent Doppler lidar (CW lidar), made up of all-fiber structures and a coaxial transmission telescope, was set up for wind measurement in Hefei (31.84 N, 117.27 E), Anhui province of China. The lidar uses a fiber laser as a light source at a wavelength of $1.55{\mu}m$, and focuses the laser beam on a location 80 m away from the telescope. Using the CW lidar, radial wind measurement was carried out. Subsequently, the spectra of the atmospheric backscattered signal were analyzed. We tested the noise and obtained the lower limit of wind velocity as 0.721 m/s, through the Rayleigh criterion. According to the number of Doppler peaks in the radial wind spectrum, a classification retrieval algorithm (CRA) combining a Gaussian fitting algorithm and a spectral centroid algorithm is designed to estimate wind velocity. Compared to calibrated pulsed coherent wind lidar, the correlation coefficient for the wind velocity is 0.979, with a standard deviation of 0.103 m/s. The results show that CW lidar offers satisfactory performance and the potential for application in wind measurement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.143-154
• /
• 2024

PURPOSE: The present study was conducted to improve the understanding of the Korean Standard Functional, Disability, and Health Classification (KCF) and its ease of use in the clinical domain of the musculoskeletal system by comparing, analyzing, and linking the KCF codes with items from patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), which are currently mainly used to evaluate patients with neck, shoulder, waist, and knee pain. METHODS: The items of the most widely used PROMs, the Neck Disability Index (NDI), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the codes of the KCF were linked by two experts according to the linking rules. RESULTS: The concordance between the items of each of the PROMs and the KCF code linked by the two experts was NDI,86.4%86.4%, DASH 83.3%, ODI 92.0%, and WOMAC 80.7%. The NDI, DASH, and WOMAC indexes were found to comprise items corresponding to physical function, activity, and participation areas, and were linked to 22, 43, and 31 KCF codes, respectively. In addition to these two areas, the ODI included items related to environmental factors and was linked to 25 codes (duplicated codes are treated as one). CONCLUSION: This research can be used by adding the KCF code to the questions of the currently used evaluation tool. This coding can be easily applied and will contribute to the easy understanding of the KCF.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2016

This research performed tests of Video Fire Detector and criteria of installation to make suggestions regarding the criteria that must be reflected in NFSC 203 by comparing the standards of FM Approvals, UL, ISO7240 and NFPA 72. FM Standard related to Video Fire Detector test has been classified as Smoke, Flame type, but the UL Standard has classified only as a Smoke type. This research examined 6 cases of fire phenomenon detection case in ISO 7240 and 3 cases in NFPA 72, respectively. There are 15 items required for the installation standard of a Video Fire Detector and each field standard is presented as a per installation method. To apply a Video Fire Detector, the pertinent items (the definition of term, detector's classification, structure and function among its test item) must be inserted. In addition, 7 items of the fire test, i.e., the sensitivity adjustment, prevent false alarm, ambient temperature test, the effective sensitivity and detection distance and viewing angle, aging test, flood test, must be applied to the actual test. For installation in the field, the operation environment and levels of illumination, and NFSC 203 must be set, and standards relevant to the sound system, indicators' installation distance, etc. need to be inserted.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 2018

Recently, Domestic public construction projects are experiencing a great deal of disputes because of the growing uncertainty about the criteria for calculating the prolongation cost. In addition, researchers have been studying various systems and proper cost estimates in an effort to reduce the uncertainty of these systems and the occurrence of disputes. However, there is no standard yet for social consensus. Meanwhile, The study on the classification system according to the recognition standard of accounting has been systematically studied. As a result, the concepts of accrual and cash basis are defined separately. The purpose of this study is to verify the possibility of applying the concept of 'accrual basis' to the Standard for calculation of prolongation cost. Therefore, As a result of analyzing the occurrence pattern of Job-site overhead cost, it is confirmed that actual costs can not be calculated by the cash-basis method. In particular, the implications of the necessity of the accrual-basis method should be more strictly indicated in the case of items such as indirect labor costs and welfare benefits. In addition, the contractor 's claim report and the appraisal report were examined. As a result, it was confirmed that the calculation situations of prolongation costs are biased to the cash-basis method. In this way, it is suggested that necessary to supplement the calculation standard of the actual costs from the point of view of accrual basis.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.12 no.7
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 2011

When choosing the support pattern of tunnel, the characteristics of rock are identified from the result of the surface geologic survey, boring, and geophysical prospecting and laboratory test. And a rock mass rating is classified and excavation method and standard support pattern are designed considering rock classification, domestic and international construction practices, numerical analysis. According to the revised design standard for tunnel, it was recommended to classify the rock mass rating for the design of tunnel into a rating based on RMR. If necessary, it proposed a flexible standard allowed applying more atomized the rock mass rating and Q-System. Also, the resonable verification of the support pattern must be accompanied because the factors affecting the structure and behavior of ground during the construction of tunnel are the main factors of uncertainty factors such as the nature of ground, ground water and the characteristics of structural materials. These days, such verification method is getting more specialized and diversified. In this study, the empirical method, numerical analysis and comparative analysis of in situ measurements were used to prove the reasonableness in the support pattern by RMR and Q-value on the Imha Dam emergency spillway.