• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2004

The majority of real-world problems encountered by engineers involve simultaneous optimization of competing objectives. In this case instead of single optima, there is a set of alternative trade-offs, generally known as Pareto-optimal solutions. The use of evolutionary algorithms Pareto GA, which was first introduced by Goldberg in 1989, has now become a sort of standard in solving Multiobjective Optimization Problems (MOPs). Though this approach was further developed leading to numerous applications, these applications are based on Pareto ranking and employ the use of the fitness sharing function to maintain diversity. Another scheme for solving MOPs has been presented by J. Nash to solve MOPs originated from Game Theory and Economics. Sefrioui introduced the Nash Genetic Algorithm in 1998. This approach combines genetic algorithms with Nash's idea. Another central achievement of Game Theory is the introduction of an Evolutionary Stable Strategy, introduced by Maynard Smith in 1982. In this paper, we will try to find ESS as a solution of MOPs using our game model based co-evolutionary algorithm. First, we will investigate the validity of our co-evolutionary approach to solve MOPs. That is, we will demonstrate how the evolutionary game can be embodied using co-evolutionary algorithms and also confirm whether it can reach the optimal equilibrium point of a MOP. Second, we will evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, comparing it with other methods through rigorous experiments on several MOPs.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2008

2차원적인 도로설계는 설계기준과 운전자의 반응 사이에는 상이한 점이 많아 위험성을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 2차원 도로설계는 시공전에 예측을 하기가 어려운 실정이다. 그러나, 3차원 도로설계는 요구되는 구성요소의 완성 이후 발생하는 문제를 예측할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는, 실제도로에서 도로설계평가를 위하여 설계를 하였다. 그리고 도로설계는 Inroad를 라는 도로설계프로그램을 사용하였다. 또한, 수치지형도와 포고자료를 이용하여 DTM을 생성하였다. 3차원 도로설계는 도로의 DTM 과 지형자료를 합성하여 설계를 하였다. 3차원적으로 도로설계된 것을 이용하여 설계평가를 수행하였다. 도로선형의 안정성 평가를 위하여 운전자 시뮬레이션과 시거분석을 실시하였다. 그리고, 음영시뮬레이션을 통해 도로노면결빙구간의 불량구간을 추출하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 본 연구에서는 도로완공후의 모습을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 시거를 시각적으로 산정을 할 수 있었다. 또한 음영 시물레이션을 의해 도로노면결빙구간을 추출하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.153-153
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• 2011

신 재생에너지 정책이 발전차액지원제도(Feed In Tariff; FIT)에서 신 재생에너지 의무할당제(Renewable Portfolio Standard; RPS)로 변화하면서 원별 경쟁이 가속화되고 있다. 태양광 산업 역시 이러한 환경 변화에 대처해야 하며, 그를 위한 정책 구성이 필요하다. 이에 태양광 산업 정책은 크게 두 부분으로 구분하여 진행해야 한다. 첫째, 폴리실리콘(Poly silicon)을 활용하는 다결정실리콘 태양광에너지에 초점을 맞춘 정책이며, 둘째, 미래에 상용화될 차세대 태양광 에너지에 대한 대비를 위한 연구 개발(R&D) 정책이다. 먼저 다결정실리콘 태양광에너지에 초점에서의 산업 정책은 산업육성정책과 수출정책, 인프라 구성 등으로 나눌 수 있다. 현재 과도한 국가부채로 인한 세계경제 악화로 태양광에너지 업체들의 경제성이 악화하고 있다. 더욱 빨리 그리드 패리티(Grid Parity)를 달성하기 위해 수직통합 등의 필요성이 대두하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 그리드 패리티 달성시기를 위해 태양광 산업 내 세대 변화를 하는 경우와 하지 않는 경우를 비교하기 위해 고려할 요소를 분석하였다. 현재 신 재생에너지 가운데 태양광에너지는 타에너지원 대비 가격경쟁력을 갖추지 못한 상황이다. 그러나 수출을 고려했을 때의 향후 한국의 차세대 성장동력으로의 발전가능성이 존재한다. 따라서 가격경쟁력이 가장 중요한 영향을 미칠 신 재생에너지 의무할당제 정책 하에서 태양광에너지가 전혀 채택되지 않는 상황을 막기 위한 정책이 필요하다. 그를 위해 필요한 정책적 요소들을 알아보았다. 마지막으로 인프라 구성을 위해 태양광 산업의 가치사슬(Value Chain) 상에서의 기업 분포와 경쟁력에 대한 조사를 시행하였다. 이는 태양광 산업 내의 경쟁력을 갖춘 부문과 그렇지 못한 부문을 구별하기 위함이다. 미래에 상용화될 차세대 태양광 에너지를 준비하는 과정에서는 연구개발 관련 정책이 가장 중요하게 다뤄야 할 부분이며, 그를 위해 정부 차원에서 지원하고자 하는 기술로드맵 등에 대해서 정리하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.341-341
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• 2012

Recently, oxide semi-conductor materials have been investigated as promising candidates replacing a-Si:H and poly-Si semiconductor because they have some advantages of a room-temperature process, low-cost, high performance and various applications in flexible and transparent electronics. Particularly, amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) is an interesting semiconductor material for use in flexible thin film transistor (TFT) fabrication due to the high carrier mobility and low deposition temperatures. In this work, we demonstrated improvement of flexibility in IGZO TFTs, which were fabricated on polyimide (PI) substrate. At first, a thin poly-4vinyl phenol (PVP) layer was spin coated on PI substrate for making a smooth surface up to 0.3 nm, which was required to form high quality active layer. Then, Ni gate electrode of 100 nm was deposited on the bare PVP layer by e-beam evaporator using a shadow mask. The PVP and $Al_2O_3$ layers with different thicknesses were used for organic/inorganic multi gate dielectric, which were formed by spin coater and atomic layer deposition (ALD), respectively, at $200^{\circ}C$. 70 nm IGZO semiconductor layer and 70 nm Al source/drain electrodes were respectively deposited by RF magnetron sputter and thermal evaporator using shadow masks. Then, IGZO layer was annealed on a hotplate at $200^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. Standard electrical characteristics of transistors were measured by a semiconductor parameter analyzer at room temperature in the dark and performance of devices then was also evaluated under static and dynamic mechanical deformation. The IGZO TFTs incorporating hybrid gate dielectrics showed a high flexibility compared to the device with single structural gate dielectrics. The effects of mechanical deformation on the TFT characteristics will be discussed in detail.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between children's self-efficacy, parental child-rearing attitude perceived by the child, and creativity. The study subjects were 120 5th and 6th graders at elementary school in Gyeongbuk. The instruments of measurement were question sheets, Self-Efficacy Scale, and Parental child-rearing attitude Scale. For creative thinking tests, the Kim Yong-Chae version of TTCT (Torrance Test of Creative Thinking) was used. The data were analysed through mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentile, Cronbach's $\alpha$, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, the results from the correlational analysis didn't yield significant and meaningful correlations between children's self-efficacy and thinking creatively with words. Nevertheless, children's self-efficacy was partly related to thinking creatively with pictures. Second, the results from the correlational analysis didn't yield significant and meaningful correlations between warmth vs. rejection altitude of father and thinking creatively with words. Warmth vs. rejection attitudes of father was not related to thinking creatively with pictures. However, the results from the correlational analysis yielded a number of significant and meaningful correlations between self-control vs. regulation attitudes of father and the thinking creatively with words. The self-control vs. regulation attitudes of father was significantly positively related to the thinking creatively with pictures. Third, the warmth vs. rejection attitudes of mother was significantly positively related to the thinking creatively with words. However the warmth vs. rejection attitudes of mother was not related significantly to the thinking creatively with pictures. The self-control vs. regulation attitudes of mother was not related to the thinking creatively with words. Moreover, self-control vs. regulation attitudes of mother was not related to the thinking creatively with pictures.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing for the compliance of guidelines of preventing bloodborne infection for operating room nurses. Method: Data was collected through questionnaires from March 16 to April 12, 2005. The subjects of this study were consisted of 208 operating room nurses, who had been working at 4 university hospitals and 10 general hospitals in Busan. The Instrument for the compliance of guidelines for preventing bloodborne infection was 24-item questionnaire. It was revised based on the Standard Precaution of CDC and Bloodborne Pathogen Standards of OSHA. In addition, to find out the knowledge level of AIDS, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, 15-item questionnaire was used, which had been made by researcher based on Kim(1999) et, al. Results: The affecting factors of compliance for preventing bloodborne infection were work skill(${\beta}=.27$), operating room education on infection prevention(${\beta}=.25$), knowledge on infection(${\beta}=.19$), readiness of using personal protective equipment(${\beta}=.18$), and posting a notice of infected surgery patients(${\beta}=.16$). Theses 5 factors account for 28.5% on the compliance of guidelines for preventing bloodborne infection for operating room nurses. Conclusion: According to the results, to increase the compliance level of operating room nurses, personal efforts should be made to improve work skills and infection knowledge. In addition to organizational efforts on practical education and management of environment were required.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2020

A personal authentication system based on biosignals has received increasing attention due to its relatively high security as compared to traditional authentication systems based on a key and password. Electrocardiography (ECG) measured from the chest or wrist is one of the widely used biosignals to develop a personal authentication system. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using similar ECG measured behind the ears to develop a personal authentication system. To this end, similar ECGs were measured from thirty subjects using a pair of three electrodes attached behind each of the ears during resting state during which the standard Lead-I ECG was also simultaneously measured from both wrists as baseline ECG. The three ECG components, Q, R, and S, were extracted for each subject as classification features, and authentication accuracy was estimated using support vector machine (SVM) based on a 5×5-fold cross-validation. The mean authentication accuracies of Lead I-ECG and similar ECG were 90.41 ± 8.26% and 81.15 ± 7.54%, respectively. Considering a chance level of 3.33% (=1/30), the mean authentication performance of similar ECG could demonstrate the feasibility of using similar ECG measured behind the ears on the development of a personal authentication system.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2000

본 연구는 1995년 5월과 6월에 부산시 해운대구 송정동의 조간대에서 6차에 걸쳐 소형 치어망(稚魚網)으로 Ocyneetes modestus 자치어(仔稚魚)를 채집하여, 실험실에서 사육하면서 형태발달 과정을 관찰하였다. 전기자어(前期仔魚)인 평균체장(平均體長) 6.28 mm 개체는 난황(卵黃)이 완전하게 흡수되어 있고, 근절(孵節)은 32~33개이다. 평균체장(平均體長) 7.36 mm 자어(仔魚)에서 처음으로 척삭(脊索)의 끝이 위로 굽어지기 시작하여, 평균체장(平均體長) 9.34 mm 이상의 개체에 달하면 완전하게 위로 굽어져 있다. 평균체장(平均體長) 10.08 mm 이상의 개체에서 모든 지느러미 줄기가 완전하게 정수에 달하여 치어기(稚魚期)로 이행한다. 평균체장(平均體長) 10.08 mm의 치어(稚魚)에서 눈의 윗부분인 머리의 동쪽에 1쌍의 수실모양의 피질 돌기가 형성되어 있다. 평균체장(平均體長) 14.00 mm 이상의 치어(稚魚)는 몸의 형태와 색체가 성어(成魚)에 닮아 있다. 국내 미기록 어종인 Ocyneetes modestus의 한국명을 머리부분에 수실모양의 피질 돌기가 1쌍밖에 없는 점에서 가시꺽정이와 비교하여 "민가시꺽정이"로 국명을 명명한다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors that influence the cognitive degree of dry eyes in nursing students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires (cognitive degree of dry eyes, Standard Patients Evaluation of Eye Dryness [SPEED] questionnaire, and McMonnies questionnaire) from 233 nursing students of E university. Results: The mean scores for the cognitive degree of dry eyes, SPEED, and McMonnies were 21.43, 8.02, and 6.39, respectively. The cognitive degree of dry eyes was found to have a significantly positive correlation with McMonnies and SPEED scores. Additionally, the factors that influenced the cognitive degree of dry eyes among nursing students were hours of using smart phones, McMonnies score, and the SPEED score. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that interventions need to developed and applied to reduce and control the cognitive degree of dry eyes among nursing students.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2008

The color reproduction of digital still camera does not, in general, match those of the final prints. Because color gamut of these devices is different, it is therefore necessary to take account of a way to match. The way uses the optimized profile to print an image. This paper proposed a way to create the input profile of digital still camera for standardization printing process. The results of proposed way showed that for input profiles equivalent, good results relatively. In this paper, an experiment was done where the illumination sources used as the standard illumination 5200K and illuminated at a $45^{\circ}$ angle in the best illumination efficiently. The white balance was in mode 'custom': aperture F11, exposure time 1/60s, ISO50, focal length 80mm. The images were exported and saved as 16bit RGB tiff(AdobeRGB, sRGB, ProphotoRGB) images. To do the test, the RGB values of the RGB tiff images are processed through the ICC input profile to arrive at processed $CIEL^*a^*b^*$ values. A profiling tool such as ProfileMaker 5.0 and Monacoprofile 4.8 are used to do this. The processed CIEL*a*b* values are compared to the reference CIEL*a*b* values and these two values are used to calculate a ${\Delta}E$.