• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.285-298
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• 2012

Considerable number of women are enjoying swimming, however, the chest-region of swimsuits including cup inserts are not stable during swimming. The purpose of this study was to explore alternate designs and methods of stabilizing the breast cup to the swimmer's body by using 3D technology to design and position the pad and cup pattern of the swimming suit. To position the pad optimally, a 3D pattern of a nude woman was divided into blocks and different reduction rates were applied to blocks around the outlines of the breast. Two types of 3D patterns were developed. The first, referred to as the 'basic 3D pattern' provided for the curved surface of the breast point to be maintained with the remaining slack distributed evenly along the neckline, armhole and side seam. The second, referred to as the '1/3 shoulder moved 3D pattern' ignored the curved nature of the breast point by overlapping, with the resulting position of the shoulder strip moved toward the center. Three women of corresponding size and body shape evaluated the two 3D pattern designs as well as the conventional 2D pattern style of swimsuit. Respondents rated the'the basic 3D pattern' design highest in terms of stability and easy of movement in the chest region.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1149-1156
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• 2008

The conformational study on neutral and zwitterionic L-alanines (N-Ala and Z-Ala, respectively) and the transition state (TS) for their interconversion is carried out using ab initio HF and density functional B3LYP methods with the self-consistent reaction field method in the gas phase and in solution. At both the HF and B3LYP levels of theory, the local minimum N1 for N-Ala is found to be most preferred in the gas phase and a weak asymmetric bifurcated hydrogen bond between the amino hydrogens and the carbonyl oxygen appears to play a role in stabilizing this conformation. The local minima N2a and N2b are found to be the second preferred conformations, which seem to be stabilized by a hydrogen bond between the amino nitrogen and the carboxylic hydrogen. The relative stability of the local minimum N2b is remarkably increased in solution than that in the gas phase. The local minimum N2b becomes more stable than the local minimum N2a in most of the solution. On the whole the relative free energies of Z-Ala and TS become more lowered, as the solvent polarity increases. N-Ala prevails over Z-Ala in aprotic solutions but Z-Ala is dominantly populated in ethanol and water. In aprotic solutions, the population of Z-Ala increases somewhat with the increase of solvent polarity. The barrier to Z-Ala-to-N-Ala interconversion increases on the whole with the increase of solvent polarity, which is caused by the increase of stability for Z-Ala.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2012

Laminar lifted propane coflow-jet flames diluted with nitrogen were experimentally investigated to determine heat-loss-related self-excitation regimes in the flame stability map and elucidate the individual flame characteristics. There exists a critical lift-off height over which flame-stabilizing effect becomes minor, thereby causing a normal heat-loss-induced self-excitation with O(0.01 Hz). Air-coflowing can suppress the normal heat-loss-induced self-excitation through increase of a Peclet number; meanwhile it can enhance the normal heat-lossinduced self-excitation through reducing fuel concentration gradient and thereby decreasing the reaction rate of trailing diffusion flame. Below the critical lift-off height. the effect of flame stabilization is superior, leading to a coflow-modulated heat-loss-induced self-excitation with O(0.001 Hz). Over the critical lift-off height, the effect of reducing fuel concentration gradient is pronounced, so that the normal heat-loss-induced self-excitation is restored. A newly found prompt self-excitation, observed prior to a heat-loss-induced flame blowout, is discussed. Heat-loss-related self-excitations, obtained laminar lifted propane coflow-jet flames diluted with nitrogen, were characterized by the functional dependency of Strouhal number on related parameters. The critical lift-off height was also reasonably characterized by Peclet number and fuel mole fraction.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2013

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is defined by a 20-mm Hg difference of systolic blood pressure (dtSBP) and/or a 10-mm Hg difference of diastolic blood pressure (dtDBP) between supine and standing, and OH is associated with a failure of the cardiovascular reflex to maintain blood pressure on standing from a supine position. To understand the underlying genetic factors for OH traits (OH, dtSBP, and dtDBP), genome-wide association studies (GWASs) using 333,651 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were conducted separately for two population-based cohorts, Ansung (n = 3,173) and Ansan (n = 3,255). We identified 8 SNPs (5 SNPs for dtSBP and 3 SNPs for dtDBP) that were repeatedly associated in both the Ansung and Ansan cohorts and had p-values of < $1{\times}10^{-5}$ in the meta-analysis. Unfortunately, the SNPs of the OH case control GWAS did not pass our p-value criteria. Four of 8 SNPs were located in the intergenic region of chromosome 2, and the nearest gene (CTNNA2) was located at 1 Mb of distance. CTNNA2 is a linker between cadherin adhesion receptors and the actin cytoskeleton and is essential for stabilizing dendritic spines in rodent hippocampal neurons. Although there is no report about the function in blood pressure regulation, hippocampal neurons interact primarily with the autonomic nervous system and might be related to OH. The remaining SNPs, rs7098785 of dtSBP trait and rs6892553, rs16887217, and rs4959677 of dtDBP trait were located in the PIK3AP1 intron, ACTBL2-3' flanking, STAR intron, and intergenic region, respectively, but there was no clear functional link to blood pressure regulation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.613-619
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• 2011

Colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been commercialized as the typically stabilized form via the addition of a variety of surfactants or polymers. Herein, to examine the effects of stabilizing AgNPs in suspension, we modified the surface of bare AgNPs with four type of surfactants (NaDDBS, SDS, TW80, CTAB) and polymers (PVP, PAA, PAH, CMC). The modified AgNPs was applied to compare suspension stability and nanotoxicity test using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a model organism. Modification of AgNPs surface using chemical stabilizer may be not related with molecular weight, but chemical structure such as ionic state and functional group of stabilizer. In this study, it is noteworthy that AgNPs modified with a cationic stabilizer (CTAB, PAH) were importantly toxic to E. coli, rather than anionic stabilizers (NaDDBS, SDS). Comparing similar anionic stabilizer, i.e., NaDDBS and SDS, the result showed that lipophilicity of chemical structure can affect on E. coli, because NaDDBS, which contains a lipophilic benzene ring, accelerated the cytotoxicity of AgNPs. Interestingly, none of the stabilizers tested, including biocompatible nonionic stabilizers (i.e., TW80 and cellulose) caused a reduction in AgNP toxicity. This showed that toxicity of AgNPs cannot be reduced using stabilizers.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 1998

Objective : Many evidences suggest that patients with bipolar disorder have functional abnormalities in their postreceptor signal transduction pathways, and mood stabilizing effect of lithium is exerted by modulating this dysfunctioning system. Carbamazepine, an antiepileptic agent, is also known to be effective in the treatment and prevention of bipolar disorder. But the precise mechanism of action of the drug is still poorly understood. This study was performed to elucidate the possible therapeutic mechanism of carbamazepine. Method : The effects of chronic carbamazepine administration on protein kinase A and protein kinase C activities in frontal cortex of rat brain after 2 weeks of drug administration were measured and compared with those of control subjects. Results : Mean(${\pm}SE$) value of activity(phosphate transfer ${\mu}mol/mg$ of $protein{\cdot}min$) of protein kinase A in control and test group was $0.249563{\pm}0.036$ and $0.539853{\pm}0.078$, and that of protein kinase C was $0.654817{\pm}0.053$ and $1.146205{\pm}0.052$ respectively, being increased in test group. And differences between the two groups were statistically significant for both enzymes(protein kinase A ; p<0.01, protein kinase C ; p<0.001). Conclusion : These results show that chronic carbamazepine administration increases protein kinase A and C activities, and concerning the possible mode of therapeutic action in bipolar disorder it is suggested that enhanced enzymes phosphorylate receptor-G-protein-effector complexes to dampen hyperfunctioning neuronal activity and thus stabilize the system.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2009

본 논문은 비선형 시스템의 퍼지 모델을 적용한 시간 지연 간격에 종속적인 안정도 분석 및 제어기 설계에 대해서 논의한다. 먼저, 시간 지연을 포함하는 비선형 시스템을 T-S 퍼지 시스템으로 모델링한다. 시간 지연을 포함하는 전체 페루프 비선형 시스템은 다중 시간 지연을 갖는 T-S 퍼지 시스템이 된다. 전체 폐루프 퍼지 시스템의 안정도를 분석하고, 안정화 시키는 퍼지 제어기 설계를 위한 필요충분 조건을 유도한다. 유도된 안정도 및 제어기 설계 조건이 시간 지연 간격에 종속적임을 확인하다. 기존의 시간 지연에 종속적인 안정도 및 제어기 설계 조건 보다 넓은 범위를 나타냄을 확인한다. 제안된 필요충분 조건을 선형 행렬 부등식의 형태로 나타내고, 기존의 다양한 프로그래밍 기법을 이용하여 제어기 이득값을 구한다. 예제를 통하여 제안된 이론의 타당성을 확인한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1436-1442
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• 2020

Amylosucrase (ASase, E.C. 2.4.1.4) is capable of efficient glucose transfer from sucrose, acting as the sole donor molecule, to various functional acceptor compounds, such as polyphenols and flavonoids. An ASase variant from Deinococcus geothermalis, in which the 226^th alanine is replaced with asparagine (DgAS-A226N), shows increased polymerization activity due to changes in the flexibility of the loop near the active site. In this study, we further investigated how the mutation modulates the enzymatic activity of DgAS using molecular dynamics and docking simulations to evaluate interactions between the enzyme and phenolic compounds. The computational analysis revealed that the A226N mutation could induce and stabilize structural changes near the substrate-binding site to increase glucose transfer efficiency to phenolic compounds. Kinetic parameters of DgAS-A226N and WT DgAS were determined with sucrose and 4-methylumbelliferone (MU) as donor and acceptor molecules, respectively. The k_cat/K_m value of DgAS-A226N with MU (6.352 mM^-1min^-1) was significantly higher than that of DgAS (5.296 mM^-1min^-1). The enzymatic activity was tested with a small phenolic compound, hydroquinone, and there was a 1.4-fold increase in α-arbutin production. From the results of the study, it was concluded that DgAS-A226N has improved acceptor specificity toward small phenolic compounds by way of stabilizing the active conformation of these compounds.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.99-120
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• 2023

The community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates in Upo wetland was identified, and the biological water quality was evaluated. In addition, through statistical analysis of current and literature data, ecological changes over time were evaluated for each wetland. Benthos were quantitatively collected in March, June, and September of 2020 and 2021, and 4 phyla, 5 classes, 16 orders, 42 families, 81 species and 3,406 individuals were identified. In the functional feeding group of Upo wetland, predators were dominant with 34 species (45.95%) and 1,504 individuals (41.84%). In the habitual dwelling group, sprawlers and swimmers showed the highest proportion in the number of species and individuals. Average biological indices in Mokpo and Upo were the highest and lowest, respectively, and it is considered that Mokpo maintains the healthy ecosystem for benthic macroinvertebrates. Community stability was high in Upo, and other wetlands are thought to be stabilizing. The ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community is considered to be more suitable index among three biological water quality evaluation indices for the environmental evaluation of Upo wetland. The evaluation results on changes in environmental quality showed that Upo has stable ecosystem without significant change, Mokpo and Sajipo have significant increases in some indices.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to examine the functional difference in the long and short heads of the biceps brachii by investigating the onset time of muscle contractions in the biceps brachii in the supination motion according to whether the flexor of the elbow joint is excluded. Methods: This study was conducted with 21 healthy men aged in their 20s. While performing forearm pronation at an elbow flexion angle of 90 degrees, the onset time of muscle contractions in the long and short heads of the biceps brachii was measured and compared in a posture where the humerus is placed on a table and the posture is lifted against gravity. Using an independent samples t-test, the difference in the onset time of muscle contractions in the long and short heads of the biceps brachii was analyzed. Results: The onset time of the long head was shorter if the flexor activity of the elbow joint was excluded, while that of the short head of the biceps brachii was shorter if it was not excluded. Conclusion: It is noted that the long head of the biceps brachii mainly functions as a supinator muscle, while the short head of the biceps brachii plays a role in stabilizing and maintaining flexion of the elbow joint.