• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.20 no.7
• /
• pp.683-690
• /
• 2020

The objective of this study was to analyze time-dependent changes in bite marks on pig skin. Bite marks produced by the average bite force of adults were analyzed three-dimensionally for 3 hours directly after its formation, at 1-hour intervals. The measured values were calculated by root mean square (RMS) and statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA test (α = 0.05). The average bite sizes were 0.899 mm, 0.717 mm and 0.506 mm at the first, second and third intervals, respectively, and were significantly different between the three intervals (P < 0.05). A bite mark showed time-dependent changes in the compression level, showing the greatest change in the first interval. Changes in bite marks decreased over time, and bite marks were observed most prominently generated by the anterior dentition.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 1988

This laboratory study was carried out in order to produce fundamental data for analyzing salt movement and desalinization effects, using samples of silt loam soil collected in Gyehwado and Daeho reclaimed tidelans, and samples of silty clay loam soil collected in Kimie tideland. Desalinization experiments with gypsum treatment were performed to analyze changes of the hydraulicc conductivity with changes of the soil property and the salt concentration during the desalinization of reclaimed tideland soils by leaching through the subsufface drainage, and correlations between factors infl uencing the reclamation of salt affected soils were analyzed by the statistical method. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The reclaimed tideland soils used in this study were saline-sodic soils with the high exchangeable sodium percentage and the high electrical conductivity. 2. Changes of the hydraulic conductivity with the amount of leaching water and the leaching time elapsed were affected by the amount of gypsum except exchangeable sodium and clay contents. The regression equation between the depth of water leached per unit depth of soil (Dw / Ds : X) or the square root of the leaching time elapsed (T $^1$ $^2$ : X) and the relative hydraulic conductivity (HCr:Y) could be expressed in Y=a . bx. 3. The more exchangeable sodium and clay contents regardless of the amount of gypsum, the more the leaching time was required until a given volume of water was leached through the soil profile. The regression analysis showed that the relationship between the depth of water leached per unit depth of soil(Dw /Ds:X) and the square root of the leaching time elapsed(T$^1$$^2$ :Y) could be described by Y=a . Xb. 4. The hydraulic conductivity was influenced to a major degree by the salt concentration provided that the electrical conductivity was below 10 mmhos / cm during the desalinization of reclaimed tideland soils. The regression equation between the relative electrical conductivity ( ECr : X) and the relative hydraulic conductivity (HCr:Y) could be expressed in Y=a + b . X-$^1$. 5. In conclusion, the hydraulic conductivity, leaching requirements and the leaching time elapsed can be estimated when the salt concentration decreases to a certain level during the desalinization of reclaimed tidelands, and the results may be applied to the analysis of salt movement and desalinization effects.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.10C
• /
• pp.614-620
• /
• 2011

RSA, the most commonly used public-key cryptosystem, is based on the difficulty of factoring very large integers. The fastest known factoring algorithm is the Number Field Sieve(NFS). NFS first chooses two polynomials having common root modulo N and consists of the following four major steps; 1. Polynomial Selection 2. Sieving 3. Matrix 4. Square Root, of which the most time consuming step is the Sieving step. However, in recent years, the importance of the Polynomial Selection step has been studied widely, because one can save a lot of time and memory in sieving and matrix step if one chooses optimal polynomial for NFS. One of the ideal ways of choosing sieving polynomial is to choose two polynomials with same degree. Montgomery proposed the method of selecting two (nonlinear) quadratic sieving polynomials. We proposed two cubic polynomials using 5-term geometric progression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.9
• /
• pp.1477-1484
• /
• 2005

The effects of various seasoning components, pH of seasoning solution, heating time and storage temperature were investigated on the color and textural properties of the salted radish root (nanmooji) The effects of individual seasoning components in the salted radish root, additives of polyphosphate (AD3), citric acid (AD5), malic acid (AD2) delayed the color changes and softening more, compared to control soaked in water. On the other hand, additives of potassium sorbate (AD1), succinic acid (AD7), MSG (AD8), saccharin (AD6) accelerated the color changes and softening of the salted radish roots. The effects of pH of seasoning solution($X_1$), and heating time ($X_2$) were central composite design and response surface analysis. R- square represented dependent variables correlated independent variables ($X_1,\;X_2$), showed over 0.8 in the color and area value calculated thickness and firmness of salted radish root. Especially, R- square of 'b' represented 'yellow-green' was 0.899. And the result of crossing analysis of individual independent variables ($X_1,\;X_2$), showed that both independent variables had significant effects on the color and textural changes of the salted radish root. The salted radish root increased its color changes and softening, rapidly at $40^{\circ}C$, compared to the other storage temperatures at most storage periods.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.57 no.1
• /
• pp.18-25
• /
• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the postoperative pain and clinical performance after partial pulpotomy by using ProRoot MTA and Endocem MTA. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight teeth requiring partial pulpotomy due to deep dental caries or traumatic injury were included in this study. After 2mm removal of exposed pulp and bleeding control, the ProRoot MTA or Endocem MTA was randomly adjusted to the exposed site. 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks after the final restoration, the patients were recalled to check the postoperative pain or another unfavorable signs. Pearson's chi-square test was used for statistical analysis to evaluate any differences among tested materials. Results: 3 of 28 teeth showed postoperative pain and cold positive during follow-up period (10.7%). There were no statistically differences in pain occurrence between two tested materials (P > 0.05). Conclusions: In the limitations of this study, partial pulpotomy by using Endocem MTA showed the advantages of short setting time and lower postoperative pain incidence, allowing one visit treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.627-632
• /
• 2005

Almost all network systems provide an authentication mechanism based on user ID and password. In such system, it is easy to obtain the user password using a sniffer program with illegal eavesdropping. The one-time password and challenge-response method are useful authentication schemes that protect the user passwords against eavesdropping. In client/ server environments, the one-time password scheme using time is especially useful because it solves the synchronization problem. It is the stability that is based on Square Root problem, and we would like to suggest OPI(One Pass Identification), enhancing the stability for all of the well-known attacks by now including Free-playing attack, off-line Literal attack, Server and so on. OPI does not need to create the special key to read the password. OPI is very excellent in identifying the approved person within a very short time.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2023

Recently, in the field of Speech Emotion Recognition (SER), many studies have been conducted to improve accuracy using voice features and modeling. In addition to modeling studies to improve the accuracy of existing voice emotion recognition, various studies using voice features are being conducted. This paper, voice files are separated by time interval in a time series method, focusing on the fact that voice emotions are related to time flow. After voice file separation, we propose a model for classifying emotions of speech data by extracting speech features Mel, Chroma, zero-crossing rate (ZCR), root mean square (RMS), and mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) and applying them to a recurrent neural network model used for sequential data processing. As proposed method, voice features were extracted from all files using 'librosa' library and applied to neural network models. The experimental method compared and analyzed the performance of models of recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) using the Interactive emotional dyadic motion capture Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture (IEMOCAP) english dataset.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.266-274
• /
• 2015

Vibration exposure of domestic high speed trains(KTX and ITX-saemaeulho) to passenger traveling on the Gyung-Bu line was measured to evaluate health effect which is based on ISO 2631-1. The vibration exposure was compared with the frequency weighted root mean square(r.m.s.) and vibration dose value(VDV) of the two trains’ vibration. It is concluded that vibration exposure of the two train during round trip of Busan-Seoul in single day is evaluated to be safe for the passenger’s health according to the health guidance caution defined on ISO 2631-1. Futhermore KTX’s vibration exposure is found to be significantly lower than ITX-saemaeulho thanks to lower vibration magnitude as well as shorter trip time.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.581-589
• /
• 2013

Surface Image Velocimetry(SIV) is an instrument to measure water surface velocity by using image processing techniques. Since SIV is a non-contact type measurement method, it is very effective and useful to measure water surface velocity for steep mountainous streams, such as streams in Jeju island. In the present study, a surface imaging velocimetry system was used to calculate the flow rate for flood event due to a typhoon. At the same time, two types of electromagnetic surface velocimetries (electromagnetic surface current meter and Kalesto) were used to observe flow velocities and compare the accuracies of each instrument. The comparison showed that for velocity distributions root mean square error(RMSE) was 0.33 and R-squared was 0.72. For discharge measurements, root mean square error(RMSE) reached 6.04 and R-squared did 0.92. It means that surface image velocimetry could be used as an alternative method for electromagnetic surface velocimetries in measuring flood discharge.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1990

The dynamic behaviour of a four-span continuous girder railway bridge subjected to multiple support excitations is investigated using the response spectrum method. Small-amplitude oscillations and linear-elastic material behaviour are assumed. Soil-structure interaction effects are disregarded and only the out-of-plane response of the bridge is considered. The results of the response spectrum analysis are compared with those from a time history analysis. Different combination rules for the superposition of modal maxima as well as supports are employed, such as square-root-of-sum-squares, double sum and p-norm methods.