• Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.411-415
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• 2018

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign salivary gland tumor. Histologically, squamous metaplasia has been reported in PA, but has rarely been documented as being extensive enough to cause significant misdiagnosis. Here, we present an unusual case of PA in a 50-year-old female patient presenting with swelling on the postero-lateral aspect of the palate for a week. Histopathologically, the tumor exhibited the features of conventional PA with extensive squamous metaplasia and giant keratotic lamellae in cyst-like areas. Such exuberant squamous metaplasia and keratin can be a diagnostic and prognostic pitfall and lead to overtreatment of the patient.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2002

Papillary immature metaplasia (PIM) of the uterine cervix (Immature condyloma) is a subset of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) which is frequently associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) types 6 and 11. The histologic features of PIM include filiform papillae lined by evenly spaced immature metaplastic-type cells with frequent nucleoli, mild anisokaryosis, and a low mitotic index. To characterize the cytologic changes associated with PIM, we analyzed 14 cases of PIM from our file. We reviewed biopsy slides and the cervicovaginal smears taken proximate to the time of blopsy. Histologically, nine cases had either flat condyloma (7 cases) or high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (2 cases). Cytologic changes included cells in various stages of maturation with karyomegaly (14 cases), cells with irregularities in the nuclear membrane (13 cases), intermediate cells with karyomegaly(13 cases), cells with binucleatlon (13 cases), and aborted koliocytes (11 cases) Cervicovaginal smears from all cases were interpreted as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), NOS or ASCUS, rule out squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) or LSIL in two cases with flat condyloma or HSIL in a case with severe dysplasia. PIM is a distinct histologic entity that can present with a spectrum of cytologic findings, but cytologic findings may resemble variable reactive conditions and immature HSIL. Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose PIM by cytology alone. However, the meticulous efforts for making the cytologic diagnoses which can Induce active management of patients are recommended because PIM is a variant of LSIL and frequently has a flat condyloma or HSIL.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1995

Mammary orgamoids(ductal and endbud fragments) were cultured in a complete hormone medium(CHM) with 10%FBS, estradiol, progesterone, hydrocortisone, insulin, and prolactin, Several types of colonies were observed: stellate(14$$\pm$5.5%), duct(41$\pm$5.6%), web(35$\pm$3.6%), squamous(6$\pm$2.1%), and lobuloduct(4$\pm$1.2%), Squamous colony was typical squamous metaplasia(SM) with several layers of squamous epithlia and keratin pearls. At the immunocytochemical study, casein proteins were predominantly localized near the apical surfaces of the cells or in the lumina of ductal or lobuloductal colonies. To inhibit the formation of SM, we treated organoids with all-trans retinoic acid(RA) from 10$^{-6}$ to 10$^{-17}$ M in CHM. Formation of SN was completely inhibited at 10$^{-9}$M RA in CHM. The frequency of lobuloductal colony formation was increased with the augmentation of RA concentration.

• Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.355-356
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• 2018

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2006

Obstructive sialadenitis is one of common disease in salivary gland, and most common histologic features are loss of acinar cell and ductal dilatation associated with fibrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Although many experimental studies has been accomplished for the salivary acinar cell change in obstructive salivary gland disease, studies for myoepithelial cell were deficient. This study is designed for salivary gland tissue change, especially myoepithelial cell when nonspecific chronic sialadenitis or salivary duct injury by duct obstruction or cut can be occurred that is common encounted clinically. After ligation and cutting of submandibular gland of rabbit, groups of aminmal were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 weeks postoperatively, submandibular gland were removed. The histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, with immunohistochemical staining with ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin, characteristics of myoepithelial cell were examined. With transmission electron microscopy, ultrastructure of myoepithelial cell were examined for distribution and ultrastructure of myoepithelial cell. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the histopathologic evaluation, ligation and cutting group of 1 week, linkage of myoepithelial cell associated with acinar atrophy and degeneration were disappeared in both group. 2. More prominent squamous metaplasia was seen in acinar cells of ligation group of 2 weeks experimental rabbit than cutting group. 3. Acinar cells are nearly disappeared in both ligation and cutting group of 4 weeks, and myoepithelial cell also disappeared associated with acinar cell atrophy, and duct-like structure composed by squamous cells by squamous metaplasia in acinar cells were distributed. 4. In immunohistochemical study, both ligation and cutting group ${\alpha}$-SMA distribution were diminished at 1 week experimental rabbits, but myoepithelial cell was more diminished in ligation group than cutting group, which were distributed around cells of squamous metaplasia. 5. Nuclear condensation, chromosome margination, and cytoplasmic vaculoation were appeared in myoepithelial cell of both cutting and ligation group after 1 week with transmission electron microscopy. But degenerative substance were seen in cytoplasm of myoepithelial cell of ligation group of 4 weeks. From the results obtained in this study, atrophy and degeneration of myoepithelial cell was more prominent in duct ligation group than duct cutting group, and myoepithelial cells were seen around cells squamous metaplasia of acinar cell.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.361-368
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• 1995

Basal cell tumors from 53 dogs were examined histologically and classified as basal cell adenoma(n=44), granular basal cell adenoma(n=1), basal cell carcinoma(n=3), basosquamous cell adenoma(n=1), basosquamous carcinoma(n=4) on the basis of malignancy and squamous metaplasia. Female was twenty three and male was thirty. Affected dogs are usually 5.6 years and sex predilection have not been seen. None of tumor examined was metastasized into other organs. Distinct patterns identified in the basal cell adenoma are solid(n=15), cystic(n=13), adenoid(n=8), medusa(n=5) and ribbon(n=3). Solid basal cell adenoma is common type in benign basal cell adenoma. Only one neoplasm was granular basal cell adenoma which was characterized by eccentric nucleus and abundant granular cytoplasm. Basal cell carcinoma showed anaplastic appearance histologically and had atypical basaloid epithelial cells and multinucleated giant cells with moderate number of mitotic figures. Both basosquamous cell adenoma and carcinoma had squamous metaplasia.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.78-81
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• 2019

Some canine typical Sertoli cell tumors (SCT) induce signs of hyperestrinism. However, whether variant lipid-rich SCTs have signs of hyperestrinism remains largely unknown. In the present study, an 11-year-old male Pekingese dog showed significantly elevated serum estrogen and characteristic signs of hyperestrinism such as gynecomastia and alopecia. Cytological, radiological and ultrasound examinations found testicular mass, prostatitis with squamous metaplasia, and cystitis. Pathologically, the tumor lesions consisted mainly of lipid-rich tumor cells with signet-ring appearance, which were immunohistochemically positive for vimentin and anti-$M{\ddot{u}}llerian$ hormone. Based on the findings, a diagnosis of lipid-rich Sertoli cell tumor was established. In conclusion, a canine lipid-rich SCT induced signs of hyperestrinism and caused prostatitis via squamous metaplasia due to its excessive secretion of estrogen.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.106-109
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• 2005

We report a case of Warthin's tumor of the parotid gland in a 53 year old man, which is incorrectly diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) smear obtained from the right parotid gland revealed scattered epithelial cell clusters or nests in a diffuse inflammatory and necrotic background. Some epithelial cells had squamoid appearance showing variable sized bizarre shaped nuclei. They had abundant of dense eosinophilic keratinized cytoplasm. Occasionally, parakeratotic cells were also present. These cytologic findings with significant atypia and necrotic background made diagnosis as squamous cell carcinoma. But, the resection specimen from this patient showed classic Warthin's tumor in addition to abundant areas of inflammation and squamous metaplasia. Metaplastic or infarcted Warthin's tumor in the salivary gland may be confused with false positive diagnosis of malignancy on FNAC. Therefore, cytopathologist should have adequate awareness of potential of erroneous diagnosis in FNAC of Warthin's tumor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.68-77
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• 2000

This study was performed to evaluate tannin exposure by wooddusts for workers in furniture factories and to investigate the relationship between tannin exposure and sino-nasal cancer risk. In order to explore possible cytological changes leading to nasal cancer, we have examined 50 male furniture workers and 50 matched controls using brush cytology. The results we have obtained in this study were as follows: 1. The tannin contents of woods used in woodworking factories have been measured and varied from 0.43 to 8.72 mg tannic acid equivalent per gram wood, for reconstituted softwood and turpentine (Syncarpia glomuliferia) respectively. 2. Airborne tannins in wooddusts were also determined by area and personal exposure. The values of mean exposures for both methods are ranged from 3.1 to $5.0{\mu}g/m^3$ and from 4.6 to $14.5{\mu}g/m^3$ in furniture manufactures. 3. Over nasal cytology scores 2, the scores of study group were slightly more than control group and this kind of metaplasias seemed to be occurred over $2mg/m^3$ wooddust and $6{\mu}g/m^3$ tannin exposure. Keratinising squamous metaplasia was investigated at nasal cytology score 3 and $10{\mu}g/m^3$ tannin exposure. The nasal cytology score 4 was seemed to be atypical squamous metaplasia. 4. To find out contributing factors to nasal cytology change, odds ratio that is one of fundmental biostatistics was applied. Actually the relationship between wooddust, tannin concentration and metaplasia were not meaningful, but the relationship between working experence more than 15 years and metaplasia was calculated as 1.83. This reveals that significant clinical abnormalities could be influenced from the years of woodworking experiences. However further research is required to evaluate the significance of the data, for the purposes of sino-nasal risk assessment, standard setting to prevent nasal cancer occurrences and possibility of changing workplace.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.253-260
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• 1997

Successful regeneration of a cartilage framework using perichondrium has been reported by several authors but there are some arguments surrounding mucosal regeneration. Some authors report that regeneration of mucosa is completed by ingrowth from neighboring tissue but others insist that it occurs via metaplasia from the squamous epithelium. This study was designed to investigate the differences, especially in mucosal regeneration between nonvascularized and vascularized flaps via immunohistochemical study. A morphologic study was carried out to elucidate the characteristics o( the regenerated mucosa which was sutured on the vascularized perichondrium and fabricated in a rabbit ear. A nonvascularized perichondrial-mucosal composite flap with the same dimension was transferred in the control group. BrdU was labelled on both normal mucosa and grafted mucosa in the experimental group without my statistically significant differences. In cytokeratin stain, it was regarded that mucosal coverage of the control group occurred by ingrowth from the neighboring mucosa. It can be conceived that metaplasia of the grafted mucosa occurs in a vascularized composite flap transferred group.