• Title/Summary/Keyword: sprinkling water

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Experimental Study on Performance of Mini -Sprinkler -( 1 ) Sprinkling Flow Rate and Sprinkling Intensity Pattern (미니 스프링클러의 살수 성능실험-(1)살수량과 거리별 살수강도)

  • 서상룡;유수남;성제훈
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.194-201
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    • 1996
  • A series of experiments to analyse and to compare performance of various types of mini-sprinkler was carried out. Twelve kinds of the sprinkler, which have various sizes of nozzle orifice diameter and structures of spreader, were selected to be tested. Flow (water sprinkling) rate and sprinkling intensity pattern from a sprinkler were measured as a first part of this study, and the results are as follows. Sprinkler flow rate of various sizes of nozzle orifice and applied water pressures could be predicted by Torricelli's theorem. Discharge coefficients of the Torricelli's theorem for the sprinkler nozzle of various sizes were determined by the experiment as 0.90- 0.95, 0.80-0.82 and 0.76-0.79 for 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 mm of nozzle orifice diameter, respectively. Experiments on sprinkling intensity pattern resulted that nozzle orifice diameter and applied water pressure are major variables for uniformity of the sprinkling intensity. More uniform sprinklering patterns were noted with smaller nozzle orifice diameter of a sprinkler and at lower sprinkling pressure. Besides the variables, structure of spreader of a sprinkler is also an important variable for the uniformity of sprinkling intensity.

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A Study on the Combined Deterioration of Concrete subjected to Freezing-Thawing and Chloride Attack (동해와 염해를 동시에 받는 콘크리트의 복합열화에 관한 연구)

  • Kim Eun-Kyum;Choi Sang-Deok
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2005.05b
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    • pp.225-228
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    • 2005
  • This paper was accomplished for analyzing the reason of the above deterioration happened on the deck of concrete bridge. The bridge was constructed at 660m above the sea level having more freezing and snowing days. Therefore, it is placed on the particular condition sprinkling $CaCl_2$ enough for keeping up with moderate traffic condition. When it is considered to the former condition, the bridge can be assumed to potentialities for combined deterioration with freezing-thawing under sprinkling deicing chemical. Core specimens were gathered from the concrete deck for clearing the reason of the above deterioration exactly, and it is used for various tests for measuring the compressive strength, elastic modulus, content of $Cl^-$, freezing-thawing at the fresh and salt water. As a result of freezing-thawing test, the specimen at the fresh water has over 90$\%$ of durability factor, but another specimen at 1$\%$ of salt water has 0$\%$ of durability factor at 140 cycles of the freezing-thawing. The result means that frost damage is sccelerated at the salt water. Therefore, the deterioration of the concrete deck is estimated to be occured by combined effects of freezing-thawing and chloride ion attack.

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A Study on the Smoke-logging Phenomenon caused by Water Mist (Water Mist 분무액적에 의한 스모크-로깅현상에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon, Ung-Gi;Koo, In-Hyeok;Kwon, Young-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2015.05a
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    • pp.249-250
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    • 2015
  • This study contemplated the descending air current from the smoke layers related to the smoke logging phenomenon in the Water Mist applied design for effective evacuation safety design. As a result, database on the average particle diameter, particle velocity and distribution of sprinkling was obtained and the relationship between the water amount and particle diameter was obtained. Also Descending smoke velocity was significantly faster to 9.8m/s, it is determined that appeared rapidly by a high water pressure.

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Study on Guideline of Water Supply System for Forest Fire (산불방지 급수시설 설치 기준 마련에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-Hyun;Nam, Song-Hee;Keum, Si-Hoon
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.38-46
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    • 2013
  • Permanent water supply and water sprinkling systems are essential to protect major forests and facilities from forest fire. Back in 2005, Naksan Temple, a valuable cultural asset of Korea, was burned down in a forest fire that took place in Yangyang. This started a series of movements including installing water supply facilities and managing forests near important cultural assets. As for the existing facilities, however, they were installed without any standard guidelines for management and installation according to each constructor's specifications, which were based on the National Fire Safety Code 109. Unfortunately, this is not effective in protecting facilities from forest fires such as they have a small protection area, limited simultaneous sprinkling, and a difficult the movement of fire hose. Against this background, the study examines the condition of water supply facilities currently in use, identifies their deficiencies, and suggests how to improve the criteria for water supply service to effectively prevent forest fire. Specifically, three systems were proposed: Water Sprinkler Tower System for preventing spread of crown fires, and Forest Fire Hydrant System and Portable Water Spray System to be effective for suppressing surface fires. In addition, the standards on the performance and components of water pumps are also suggested.

Effect of Reducing Squeal Noise at Railway of Curve Section by using the Watering (살수를 이용한 철도곡선구간 스퀼소음 저감효과에 관한 연구)

  • Ji, Hae-Young;Koo, Dong-Hoe;Jeon, Seung-Woo
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2011.10a
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    • pp.2928-2933
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    • 2011
  • The urban railway has been planned not only the subway, but also the elevated railway in Seoul, South Korea. Therefore, it is steadily increasing civil complaints for railway noise passing through that residential district. In this paper, we focused on noise of squeal characteristics induced by interaction between railway vehicle's wheel and rail. Then we selected the point that carried out scattering water droplet to the rail and compared the noise level of the watering test results before and after. Scattering water test results showed that level of the noise reduced intermittently occurring high frequency characteristics of squeal noise as well as overall noise level. In the future, we will apply the sensor to the sprinkling system for noise reduction where the place of existing squeal noise is, and make a suggestion of this solution will be more economical, environmental-friendly, and appropriate to reduce the squeal noise occurred by railway vehicle than others.

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The Review on the Washing System of Herb medicine (한약재 세척 방법에 관한 연구)

  • Hyun, Ja-Kyoung;Seo, Young-Bae
    • Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.161-174
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    • 2011
  • Objectives : This paper researched methods of washing Herb medicine through research papers of washing Crops Materials and Methods : We collected research papers on Washing crops. Then we analysed them according to washing methods. Results : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. Herbal fruit, wash using a conveyor belt. 2. Leafy herbs, soak in a chlorine solution or ozone solution and rinse it. sometimes using micro bubble system. 3. Radix, wash with high pressure sprinkling water. 4. Cortex, wash under running water by hand washing. Conclusion : Herb medicines need a washing methods for each region. so Herbs should be washed in a suitable methods for each region.

A study on Characteristics of the Liquid Atomization by Ultrasonic (초음파에 의한 액체 미립화 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 주은선;나우정;최우창
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.7 no.5
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 1999
  • A good atomization in uniform size brings the elevation of thermal efficiency in spray combustion, the beautiful painting on surfaces, and the economical sprinkling of chemicals. Ultrasonic atomization has been expected as a good uniform atomization mechanism due to its uniform size distribution. Influx, load, and physical properties of liquids are the effecting factors to atomize liquids. In this study, distilled water and city water are selected as reference liquids and gasoline, kerosene, and petroleum as fuel liquids. Characteristics and affinity to get the maximum effect for the ultrasonic atomization are observed by using the two ultrasonic transducers with 28kHz and 2MHz. Results show that the size distributions of liquid spray dorplet by the direct vibration method prevail over those by the aerosol method in uniform droplet size and as a whole, sizes of spray liquid droplets are increased slightly according to increasing influx in the direct vibration method and quantities of spray droplets in the aerosol method decreasing according to increasing liquid load h.

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A Study on Application and Verification of Heavy Water Treatment Effects Using Plant Cultivation (Vegetation) on Floating Island (식생섬에 의한 중수처리 효과 검증과 적용에 관한 연구)

  • Kwon, Dong Min;Kwon, Soon Hyo;Koo, Bon Hak
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.53-59
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    • 2012
  • This this study was conducted with the aim of doing experiment on the effect of water purification by using an artificially built plant island, which is one of the eco-techniques, and aquatic plants as a plan for the reuse of water for obtaining water resources, thereby analyzing the removed quantity, and applying the experimental results to the reuse of water. As a result of doing experiments, this study obtained a good measured value of BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) 4.7mg/L, and COD (chemical oxygen demand) 7.2mg/L below the heavy water standard of BOD 10mg/L and COD 20mg/L, respectively. The chromaticity showed 89.2% removal efficiency, but final treated wastewater was found to show chromaticity 58 degrees exceeding chromaticity 20 degrees which are the water quality standard of the reuse of water. The results revealed that T-N produced 27% removal efficiency on an average while T-P produced 38% removal efficiency on an average, showing that the removal effect of N & P wasn't big. According to the currently enforced "Water Quality Standard of Heavy Water by Use", the use of water for sprinkling and landscaping was found to be available. Accordingly, this study suggested a nature-friendly, economically-efficient, and eco-technological water treatment technique which will make it possible to overcome the limit of the existing physio-chemical water treatment technology, reduce the costs for maintenance and facilities, and also reduce the limit of space restraint for installation of facilities.

Experimental study on smoke-logging phenomenon caused by sprinklers during a compartment fire (구획 화재시 스프링클러에 의한 스모크-로깅현상에 관한 실험적연구)

  • Kwon, Young-Jin;Yoon, Ung-Gi;Seo, Dong-Goo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2014.11a
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    • pp.121-122
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    • 2014
  • This study contemplated the descending air current from the smoke layers related to the smoke logging phenomenon in the sprinkler applied design for effective evacuation safety design. As a result, database on the average particle diameter, particle velocity and distribution of sprinkling was obtained and the relationship between the water amount and particle diameter was obtained. Also, in relation to descending air current, the movement of smoke layer to the bottom at the descending air current velocity of 0.6m/s was observed and stable descending air current was observed in existence of fire source over 100kW in size.

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Elect on Saving Water of Underground Trickle Irrigation (지중관수 방법에 의한 용수절감 효과)

  • Kim J. H.;Kim C. S.;Kim T. W.;Hong J. H.
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.30 no.2 s.109
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    • pp.102-109
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    • 2005
  • Water consumption at the farm is up to 48 percent of water resource of South Korea while manufacturing industry's is only $9.6\%$. The area of arable land is 2,077,067 ha and 27 percent of it is used for growing fruits and vegetables using furrow or surface irrigation at the greenhouse. Surface irrigation at the greenhouse for fruits and vegetables has problems such as over watering and insufficient supply of water to the fine roots of the plant. However, the research on the new method of irrigation to save water usage is few. The characteristics of soil wetting was measured for using surface irrigation and underground trickle irrigation method where water was supplied at 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm beneath the surface ground. Followings are summary of this study. 1. The efficiency of underground trickle irrigation was expected to be as high as twice of surface irrigation such as drip watering or sprinkling. 2. This improvement could be possible by using less than $50\%$ of irrigation water than surface irrigation to supply similar amount of water near fine roots. 3. Surface irrigation causes soil compaction as deep as 20 cm below the surface ground which reduces soil porosity and root respiration ending up developing less fine roots. 4. Underground trickle irrigation can prevent overdamping in the greenhouse since it does not over wet the surface soil. At winter, the amount of agricultural chemical usage could be reduced since this irrigation method does not develop blight or crop disease from condensation of water vapor.