• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제5권5호
• /
• pp.527-552
• /
• 2013

Development of flexural yielding and large rotation ductilities in the plastic hinge zones of frame members is synonymous with the spread of bar reinforcement yielding into the supporting anchorage. Yield penetration where it occurs, destroys interfacial bond between bar and concrete and reduces the strain development capacity of the reinforcement. This affects the plastic rotation capacity of the member by increasing the contribution of bar pullout. A side effect is increased strains in the compression zone within the plastic hinge region, which may be critical in displacement-based detailing procedures that are linked to concrete strains (e.g. in structural walls). To quantify the effects of yield penetration from first principles, closed form solutions of the field equations of bond over the anchorage are derived, considering bond plastification, cover debonding after bar yielding and spread of inelasticity in the anchorage. Strain development capacity is shown to be a totally different entity from stress development capacity and, in the framework of performance based design, bar slip and the length of debonding are calculated as functions of the bar strain at the loaded-end, to be used in calculations of pullout rotation at monolithic member connections. Analytical results are explored parametrically to lead to design charts for practical use of the paper's findings but also to identify the implications of the phenomena studied on the detailing requirements in the plastic hinge regions of flexural members including post-earthquake retrofits.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.399-412
• /
• 2016

This paper evaluates the seismic response of three dimensional steel space buildings using the spread plastic hinge approach. A numerical study was carried out in which a sample steel space building was selected for pushover analysis and incremental nonlinear dynamic time history analysis. For the nonlinear analysis, three earthquake acceleration records were selected to ensure compatibility with the design spectrum defined in the Turkish Earthquake Code. The interstorey drift, capacity curve, maximum responses and dynamic pushover curves of the building were obtained. The analysis results were compared and good correlation was obtained between the idealized dynamic analyses envelopes with and static pushover curves for the selected building. As a result to more accurately account response of steel buildings, dynamic pushover envelopes can be obtained and compared with static pushover curve of the building.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.133-152
• /
• 2015

This paper investigates the soil effect on seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings by using the spread plastic hinge model which includes material and geometric nonlinearity of the structural members. Therefore, typical reinforced concrete frame buildings are selected and nonlinear dynamic time history analyses and pushover analyses are performed. Three earthquake acceleration records are selected for nonlinear dynamic time history analyses. These records are adjusted to be compatible with the design spectrum defined in Turkish Seismic Code. Interstory drifts and damages of selected buildings are compared according to local soil classes. Also, capacity curves of these buildings are compared with maximum responses obtained from nonlinear dynamic time history analyses. The results show that, soil class influences the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete buildings, significantly.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.185-190
• /
• 2010

Application of CAE analyses are wide spread in shaping processes and structural safety verification of plastic products. The importance of CAE analysis and its contributions are getting increase since the processibility and structural safety of product can be predicted. CAE analysis for complex shaped product need a lot of time for modeling and computation compare with simpler one. Therefore careful simulation modeling is required for complex shaped product. Structural analysis for plastic door handle of automobile has been performed and structural safety has been investigated for various load directions and modeling cases. Large stress occurred at the hinge in handle regardless of load direction and modeling case. Consequently hinge is considered structurally very weak among the parts in plastic door handle. It is concluded that simple modeling rather than total modeling with adequate boundary condition equivalent to real situation gives reasonable computational results with saving modeling effort and computation time.

• 전산구조공학
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.103-113
• /
• 1996

본 논문에서는 강구조물의 설계를 위한 가상하중 소성활절 해석기법이 연구되었다. 구조물의 기하학적인 불완전성을 가상하중기법으로 고려하였다. 본 해석기법을 통하여 구조물이 거동과 하중 지지능력을 직접적인 방법으로 예측할 수 있다. 즉 본 기법은 강구조 설계에서 전통적으로 사용되고 있는 유효길이 인자(K-factor)의 계산 및 각 부재의 강도계산을 필요로 하지 않으므로써 다음 세대의 설계기법이라고 할 수 있다. 본 기법에 의하여 예측된 강도와 변위는 정확한 해라고 알려진 Plastic-Zone해석 결과와 비교 검증하였다. 본 기법의 해석 및 설계 세부지침과 순서를 제시하였으며, 본 해석기법 및 AISC-LRFD방법에 의하여 결정된 부재크기를 비교하였다. 본 해석기법은 실제 설계에 효율적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산구조공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2003

A finite element procedure to estimate ultimate strength of space frames considering spread of plasticity is presented. The improved displacement field is introduced based on inclusion of second order terms of finite rotations. All the nonlinear terms due to bending and torsional moment as well as axial force are precisely considered. The concept of plastic hinge is introduced and the incremental load/displacement method is applied for the elasto-plastic analysis. The initial yield surface is defined based on the residual stress and the full plastification surface is considered under the combined action of axial force, bending and torsional moments. The elasto-plastic stiffness matrices are derived using the flow rule and the normality condition of the limit function. Finite element solutions for ultimate strength of space frames are compared with available solutions and experimental results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.423-442
• /
• 2001

This paper presents a method of elastic-plastic analysis for planar steel frames that provides the accuracy of distributed plasticity methods with the computational efficiency that is greater than that of distributed plasticity methods but less than that of plastic-hinge based methods. This method accounts for the effect of spread of plasticity accurately without discretization through the cross-section of a beam-column element, which is achieved by the following procedures. First, nonlinear equations describing the relationships between generalized stresses and strains of the cross-section are derived analytically. Next, nonlinear force-deformation relationships for the beam-column element are obtained through lengthwise integration of the generalized strains. Elastic-plastic flexibility coefficients are then calculated by differentiating the above element force-deformation relationships. Finally, an elastic-plastic stiffness matrix is obtained by making use of the flexibility-stiffness transformation. Adding the conventional geometric stiffness matrix to the elastic-plastic stiffness matrix results in the tangent stiffness matrix, which can readily be used to evaluate the load carrying capacity of steel frames following standard nonlinear analysis procedures. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by several examples that are sensitive to the effect of spread of plasticity.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.687-696
• /
• 2006

본 논문에서는 공간 뼈대구조의 탄-소성 후좌굴 강도를 파악하기 위한 효율적인 수치해석 기법을 개발하고, 매개변수해석을 통하여 보-기둥 및 뼈대구조물의 비탄성 후좌굴 거동을 분석하였다. 외력의 증가에 따라 점진적인 강도감소효과를 효율적으로 고려하는 개선된 소성힌지 해석법을 적용하여 문헌에서 제시된 다양한 잔류응력 분포 형태에 따른 뼈대구조물의 탄-소성 해석을 수행하였다. 요소의 소성화 진행정도를 나타내는 파라미터들을 도입하고 등가단면력 및 요소분할에 따른 매개변수해석을 수행하여 그 결과를 문헌에서 제시된 소성영역해석, 쉘요소를 이용한 정밀해석 그리고 실험결과와 비교하여 뼈대구조물 극한강도를 평가하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.299-311
• /
• 2003

점진적 소성화를 고려한 공간뼈대구조의 극한강도를 평가하기 위한 비선형 유한요소 해석법을 제시한다. 유한한 회전각의 2차항 까지 고려된 개선된 변위장을 도입하여 결과적으로 축력뿐만 아니라 휨모멘트 그리고 비틂모멘트에 의한 비선형 효과를 모두 고려한다. 탄-소성 해석을 위하여 소성힌지 개념을 도입하고 비선형 해석방법으로 하중 및 변위증분법을 이용한다. 잔류응력 분포에 의거한 초기항복함수를 정의하고 축력뿐만 아니라 모멘트의 함수로 표현되는 소성영역함수를 사용하여 flow rule과 normality condition을 적용하여 탄-소성 강도매트릭스를 도출한다. 계산시간이 빠른 기존의 소성힌지 해석기법을 사용하는 동시에 소성영역의 진전효과를 효율적으로 나타내었다. 요소의 소성화 진행정도를 나타내는 파라미터를 도입하고 여러 가지 강도감소모델을 사용하여 극한해석을 수행하여 그 결과를 소성영역해석, 쉘요소를 이용한 정밀해석 그리고 실험결과와 비교하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.169-188
• /
• 2015

There are two types of nonlinear analysis methods for building frameworks depending on the method of modeling the plastification of members including lumped plasticity and distributed plasticity. The lumped plasticity method assumes that plasticity is concentrated at a zero-length plastic hinge section at the ends of the elements. The distributed plasticity method discretizes the structural members into many line segments, and further subdivides the cross-section of each segment into a number of finite elements. When a reinforced concrete member experiences inelastic deformations, cracks tend to spread form the joint interface resulting in a curvature distribution. The program IDARC includes a spread plasticity formulation to capture the variation of the section flexibility, and combine them to determine the element stiffness matrix. In this formulation, the flexibility distribution in the structural elements is assumed to be the linear. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of linear flexibility distribution assumed in the spread inelasticity model. For this purpose, nonlinear analysis of two reinforced concrete frames is carried out and the linear flexibility models used in the elements are compared with the real ones. It is shown that the linear flexibility distribution is incorrect assumption in cases of significant gravity load effects and can be lead to incorrect nonlinear responses in some situations.