• 식물병연구
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.140-144
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• 2001

1997년부터 1999년까지 켐벨얼리품종을 대상으로 대구, 영천, 김천지방에서 탄저병의 발생소장을 조사한 결과 7월과 8월의 강우와 상관이 있었으며 7월 하순부터 초발 되었다. 과방에 봉지를 씌워 탄저병의 주 감염시기를 조사하였을 때 7월 25일 이후 봉지를 씌운 과방에서 발병이 되었으며 시기별로 외관상 건전한 과방을 습실처리하여 잠복감염을 조사하였을 때 7월 25일 이후에 수확된 과일부터 발병 되었다. 탄저병 포자현탁액을 포도표면에 접종하고 균사의 발달을 관찰한 결과 24시간에 부착기가 관찰되었으며 48시간후에는 전면이 균사로 덮여졌다. 접종후 경과시간별 발병정도는 24시간이상 발병조건 부여시 발병이 되었다. 포도 탄저병 방제방법으로는 타로닐 ·마이탄 수화제를 7월 20일 경부터 4회살포시 높은 방제가를 보였다.

• Composites Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2005

This report is on the Reinforcing System(MFRI) for Concrete Structure using FRP ROD & High-Performance Mortar. The main characteristic of this system is as follow. First, the fiber rods in this system have seven times greater tensile strength than general reinforcing steel bars(re-bar) and the weight is a fifth lighter. Camels coated on the fiber rods' surfaces to improve adhesive strength and pull-out strength. Second, high strength shotcrete mortar is has very good workability and low rebound rate. After installing the Fiber Rods, Shotcrete mortar Is applied or sprayed to finish reinforcement. Finally, MFRI system has excellent fire-resisting performance and sogood tolerance against external environment by inserting fiber rods and reinforcing materials into mortar which has high compressive strength. It is applied to bridge slab, utility box and tunnel of civil engineering works, and beam and slab of building structures.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.593-603
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• 1998

Commercial ductile iron was coated with titanium and aluminum powders by low pressure plasma spraying and then irradiated with a $CO_2$ laser to produce anti-corrosive TiC composite layer. TiC carbides were precipitated homogeneously in a laser alloyed layer by in-situ reaction between carbon existed in the base metal and titanium with thermal sprayed coating. The formation of gas pores and brittle limited mixing zone with ledeburite microstructure in TiC composite layer were surpressed by the complementary alloying of aluminum. The hardness of TiC composite layer obtained by addition of titanium and aluminum was between 600 and 660 Hv, which was three times as high as the hardness of ferritic ductile iron. From the results of isothermal oxidation at 1123k for 24 hours in air, high temperature oxidation resistance of the TiC composite layer with aluminum was improved and doubled when compared with the TiC composite layer without aluminum.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.305-309
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• 2001

Thirty-day-old rice seedlings, IR-20 variety were transplanted into the experimental plots and were sprayed with endosulfan (35% EC) after 52 days at the rate of 0.64 kg a.i/ha. Residues of endosulfan in the plant, soil, and water were found to decrease steadily upto 15 days. A second application of the pesticide was made on the 31st day and the plant was harvested on 56th day after the first application. The residue level on hay and grains was 0.7 ${\mu}g/g$. This level is seven times higher than FAO/WHO-prescribed tolerance level of 0.1 ${\mu}g/g$. Metabolites of endosulfan were traced out in plants, soil, and water during the pre- and post-harvest period.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.27-30
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• 2018

In this study, ZnO film was deposited on polycarbonate substrate by spin-spray method at low substrate temperature of $85^{\circ}C$. Surface morphology of ZnO films was changed by adding citrate from rod to dense structure. As-deposited ZnO film indicated high transmittance above 80%. In case of the resistivity, as-deposited ZnO film had high resistivity due to the existence of organic substance in the film. However, organic substance was removed and resistivity was decreased to $3.9{\times}10^{-2}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$, after UV irradiation.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.93-96
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• 2006

In order to prevent cones from being damaged by cone insects, Gravitarmata margarotana and Dioryctria abietella, sprinkler system was installed on the Pinus koraiensis Seed Orchard. Such a test was conducted at Chung-ju, Chungcheong buk-do, Korea in 2002. Insectides of Diflubenzuron 25% WP ${\times}2,500$ and Cyfluthrin 2%EC ${\times}\;1,000$ were sprayed at fifteen-day and twenty-day intervals during the period of insects adult occurrence by sprinkler system. The Gravitarmata margarotana generally emerged for about 53 days from middle April to early June, and peak emergence was 10 days from April 20 to April 30. Dioryctria abietella generally emerged for about 108 days from late April to early August, and peak emergence was 10 days from May 20 to May 30. Damage rate of cones were $8.7{\sim}9.7%$ and $10.9{\sim}12.7%$ on average with crown insecticide spraying with Cyfluthrin and Diflubenzuron, while 67.5% when not treated. Control effectiveness of this insecticide spraying was $85.6{\sim}87.1%$ and 83.9%와 81.2%, respectively. When it considers the forest environment, it is recommended diflubenzuron which is low toxic pesticide. In conclusion, effectual times and number of diflubenzuron 25% WP application with sprinkler system against cone insects were from early May through late August and six times at twenty-day interval.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.262-269
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• 2008

시판하고 있는 39종의 살충제에 대한 북방수염하늘소(Monochamus saltuarius)성충에 대한 약제 감수성, 침투이행성, 잔효성 및 방제효과를 조사하였다. 두가지 검정법(충체분무와 가지침지)으로 성충에 대해 100% 살충율를 보인 약제는 fenitrothion, fenthion, phenthoate, phosphamidon, dinotefuran, actamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, esfenvalerate+fenitrothion, fipronil 등 11종이었으며, 방제효과가 좋은 11종에 대해 2000배, 4000 배액으로 희석된 약액을 성충에 처리한 결과 처리농도에 상관없이 모두 100% 살충효과를 보인 약제는 fenitrothion, fenthion이고 2000 배액에서만 100% 살충율를 보인 약제는 phenthoate, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, fipronil 등 4종이었다. 뿌리 침투이행성 효과는 phosphamidon, clothianidin, thiamethoxam이 100%, thiacloprid는 77.7%의 침투이행 효과를 나타냈다. 잔효성에서는 fenitrothion, thiamethoxam은 15일째까지 80%이상, fenthion, phosphamidon, clothianidin은 10일째까지 80%이상, fenitrothion, thiamethoxam, fipronil은 처리 후 7일까지, thiacloprid는 처리 후 3일까지, fenthion, phenthoate은 처리 후 1일째까지 100% 살충율을 보였다. 방제효과에서는 11약제중 6약제(fenitrothion, fenthion, phenthoate, phosphamidon, fipronil, esfenvalerate+fenitrothion)가 처리 1일째에 그리고 3일째에는 시험약제 모두 100% 방제효과를 나타냈다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.737-747
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• 2017

This experiment was carried out to determine the optimal concentration of agricultural organic materials using sulfur and oil for the insect pest control in pepper and cherry tomato cultivation. The control value of aphids and Oriental tobacco budworm (OTB) was examined one day after spraying with sulfur preparation (SP) (0.33~0.17%), oil preparations (OP) (2.00~0.33%), SP+OP, OP+ginkgo leaf extracts (GLE), SP+OP+GLE on the "Super Manidaa"pepper. The aphid control in pepper was complete by applications of SP+OP (0.25+1.00%) in the early growth stage and the control value was above 98.1% by the application of OP+GLE (1.00+1.00 %), SP+OP+GLE (0.25+1.0+1%), SP+OP+GLE (0.25+1.0+0.5%) in the middle to late growth stage while showing 0% in the control treatment. The OTB was completely controlled by the 3 times application with the high concentration of SP+OP (0.25+1.00%) in pepper cultivation. This result indicates that the oil and the sulfur preparations should be applied at low concentration before insect pests do not appeared, and then sprayed at the high concentration after they appear at pepper plant. The greenhouse whitefly in 'Minichal' tomatoes was completely controlled by three times application of SP (0.25~0.33), OP (1.0~2.00%). and all the treatment of SP+OP. However, continuous control with intervals of 1~3 days was considered favorable in the tomato plant. By the periodical control with agricultural organic materials using sulfur and oil, the greenhouse whitefly, which is a high-temperature insect pest, several moths of OTB did not occur at all. In conclusion, SP+OP (0.17%+0.33%) treatment was the most economical combination to control the aphid, OTB, and greenhouse whitefly in pepper and tomato cultivation when considering operating cost. In addition, we recommend that SP should not be sprayed on the plant shoots during the day time from July to August because of high temperature.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.322-327
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• 2012

소나무재선충 매개충인 솔수염하늘소 방제용으로 살포되는 농약성분의 산림환경 중 분포, 이동 및 잔류소장 등 행적을 파악하고 방제지역으로부터 수계로의 유출농도 수준 및 유출경로에 대한 정량적 평가를 목적으로 산림 해충방제용 fenitrothion 유제에 대한 행적시험과 수계유출량 조사를 실시하였다. 행적시험 장소는 경남 함안군 칠서면 태곡리 소재 산림이었고, 유출량조사는 부산 기장군 철마면 소재 방제지역 산림에서 실시하였다. 함안 행적시험구에서 fenitrothion의 평균 지표면 낙하량은 표준살포량의 6% 수준이었다. 솔잎 중의 잔류량은 살포 직후에 0.6~0.9 mg/kg이었으나 109일 후에는 0.01 mg/kg로 감소하였고, 빗물에 씻겨 내린 양은 살포량의 1.3% 수준이었다. 토양표면에 도달한 fenitrothion의 모두는 부엽토층에 존재하였으며 살포 109일 후에는 표면도달량의 10분의 1 수준으로 감소하였고, 부엽토 밑 토양에서는 전 기간 동안 검출되지 않았다. Fenitrothion은 시험구 내 계곡수에서 살포 당일에만 0.0009 mg/L의 낮은 수준으로 검출되었다. 기장 방제지역 배출수계에서는 전 기간 동안 검출한계 미만(0.0001 mg/L)이었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.445-460
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• 2017

본 연구는 국내 단감 유기재배 선도농가의 병해충 방제 실태조사, 주요 병해충에 대한 친환경 방제자재 선발, 수립한 방제시스템의 현장실증시험을 2013년부터 2015년까지 3년 동안 수행하였다. 유기재배 선도농가의 주 재배품종은 "부유"였으며, 병해충 방제를 연간 9~17회 유기농업 자재를 살포하였다. 피해가 가장 심한 병해충은 탄저병, 노린재, 감꼭지나방, 깍지벌레 등이었으며, 사용한 방제자재는 결정석회황합제, 황토유황, 유화제, 보르도액 그리고 마늘, 은행, 소나무를 이용한 자가제조 식물추출물제를 이용하였다. 탄저병 방제에 효율적인 자재는 결정석회황, 황토유황이었고, 마늘유+ 시트로넬라유제, 고삼종자 추출물+차추출물제가톱다리개미허리노린재와 독나방에 효과적이었다. 감꼭지나방 교미교란트랩을 60개/10a 설치하면 감 착과율을 30% 향상시켰다. 유기재배 단감에 연간 10회 방제하는 방제시스템의 현장실증시험 결과 70.7%의 과일을 수확할 수 있었다. 그러나, 수확기 즈음인 9월, 10월에는 약제를 살포할 수 없기 때문에 이때 가해하는 노린재류의 피해는 감소하지 않았으며, 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.