• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in airborne TDI concentrations based on the filter collection method and liquid collection method and to compare airborne TDIs concentrations by sampling method change when using the filter collection method in the spray-painting process. Methods: For the sample measurement, the filter collection method(OSHA#42) and liquid collection method(NIOSH#5522) were used; for the sampling method, the full-period single sampling and full-period consecutive sampling methods were used. The samples were collected in spray-painting and drying process locations. Results: In all samples collected from the spray-painting and drying process locations through the filter collection and liquid collection methods, greater amounts of 2,6-TDI than 2,4-TDI were detected. When the TDI collection concentrations based on the sampling methods were compared, the concentrations of 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI collected by the consecutive sampling method were higher than the concentrations of 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI collected by the single sampling method for both the filter collection method and liquid collection method used in the spray-painting process. These differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: When TDI collection concentrations based on the sample measurement methods were compared, the concentration of 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI collected through the liquid collection method were higher than the concentrations of 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI collected by the filter collection method, and the differences were statistically significant. In the drying process, no difference was shown in the collection concentrations of 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI with the two measurement methods.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2000

Bioavailability of ipriflavone (3-phenyl-7-isopropoxy-4H-I-benzopyran-4-one, IP), an antiosteoporotic drug with poor water-solubility, was studied for various types of pharmaceutical preparation in SD rats. The IP preparation types included (1) intact IP, (2) freezer milled IP (FIP), (3) freezer milled IP physically mixed with freezer milled poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (FIP+FPVP) and (4) spray-dried IP with PVP (SIP). Upon oral administration, SIP showed significantly higher absorption and elimination half-lives and the lag time $(t_{lag})$ than those of FIP+FPVP (approximately 2-fold). These results may be due to a sustained releasing effect of IP in the gastrointestinal tract by spray-drying with PVP. The $C_{max}$ of SIP was about 2 and 10 times higher than those of FIP+FPVP and FIP, respectively. The AUC of SIP was about 6 times higher than that of FIP+FPVP and 60 times that of FIP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that SIP consisted of the finest particle size and minimal aggregation than other IP preparations. It is concluded that the IP formula prepared by the spray-drying method with PVP is the most effective approach to the improvement of bioavailability of IP.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.346-355
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• 2021

Ngoc Linh ginseng is one of the most valuable endemic medicinal herbs in Vietnam. In this study, Ngoc Linh ginseng callus was fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 (at 6, 7, and 8 log CFU/ml) to evaluate the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds. The post-fermentation solution was spray-dried using maltodextrin with or without Stevia rebaudiana (3% and 6% v/v) as the wall material. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and total saponins, and L. plantarum viability during fermentation and after spray-drying, as well as under simulated gastric digestion, were evaluated in this study. The results showed that probiotic density had a significant effect on bioactive compounds, and L. plantarum at 8 log CFU/ml showed the best results with a short fermentation time compared to other tests. The total content of polyphenols, polysaccharides, and saponins reached 5.16 ± 0.18 mg GAE/g sample, 277.2 ± 6.12 mg Glu/g sample, and 4.17 ± 0.15 mg/g sample, respectively after 20 h of fermentation at the initial density of L. plantarum (8 log CFU/ml). Although there was no difference in the particle structure of the preparation, the microencapsulation efficiency of the bioactive compound in the samples containing S. rebaudiana was higher than that with only maltodextrin. The study also indicated that adding S. rebaudiana improved the viability of L. plantarum in gastric digestion. These results showed that S. rebaudiana, a component stimulating probiotic growth, combined with maltodextrin as a co-prebiotic, improved the survival rate of L. plantarum in simulated gastric digestion.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2009

식품의 원료인 참기름을 캡슐화하기 위해 전보(11)에서 최적화한 model system을 기초로 피복물질을 선정하고 이에 3%의 gellan gum을 첨가한 후 유화압력을 20.7 MPa로 하여 유화액을 제조하였다. 이를 top spray dryer와 fluidized bed granulator에 의한 공정으로 캡슐을 제조하여 캡슐화 수율, surface oil, 수분함량, 입자 크기, 캡슐의 저장 안정성 및 제품 응용성을 비교하였다. Fluidized bed granulator에 의한 캡슐은 top spray dryer에 의한 캡슐보다 상대적으로 surface oil 함량이 낮고 수율이 높으며 입자 크기가 컸다. 제조한 캡슐을 $37^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 flavor retention을 측정한 결과 참기름 원료 자체를 저장한 경우 향기 성분은 1% 이하의 잔존 함량을 나타내어 대부분의 향기 성분이 소실되었다고 보았으나, top spray dryer와 fluidized bed granulator에 의한 캡슐은 각각 37%, 42%의 향기성분을 보유하여 향기 성분 포집성 및 보존성이 우수하였다. 또한 쇠고기 죽 제품에 응용한 후 관능검사 결과에서도 참기름 캡슐을 사용한 제품들이 모두 참기름 원료 자체를 사용한 제품보다 풍미의 강도 및 기호도면에서 모두 높았고 특히 fluidized bed granulator를 이용하여 제조한 캡슐을 사용한 제품이 가장 우수하게 평가되었다. 따라서 참기름 원료와 같이 향기 성분이 소실 되기 쉬운 소재를 fluidized bed granulator를 이용하여 저온 미세 캡슐화하면 풍미의 안정성 증대에 효과가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 식품산업과 영양
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2001

• 식품기술
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.544-555
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• 2011

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2003년도 춘계학술강연 및 발표대회
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• pp.54-55
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• 2003

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 1984

국내에서 생산되는 한천원조(寒天原藻)를 사용하여 건조방법(乾燥方法)이 한천(寒天)의 품질변화(品質變化)에 미치는 영향을 검토(檢討)하였다. 천일(天日) 건조(乾燥), 태양열(太陽熱) 집열(集熱) 건조(乾燥), 열풍(熱風) 건조(乾燥)($30^{\circ}C$), 대조구, 자연대류), 열풍(熱風) 건조(乾燥)($(30^{\circ}C$, 전처리구, 자연대류) 및 동결(凍結) 건조법(乾燥法)에서, 한천(寒天) 젤($1.0{\times}1.0{\times}34.0cm$)을 수분함량 1000%(D.B)까지 건조(乾燥)시키는 데 걸리는 시간은 96, 75, 67, 50 및 21시간 이었다. 천일(天日) 건조(乾燥), 태양열(太陽熱) 집열(集熱) 건조(乾燥), 동결(凍結) 건조(乾燥) 및 분무(噴霧) 건조법(乾燥法)에 의한 한천(寒天)의 젤리강도는 320, 370, 270 및 $360g/cm^2$로 나타났다. 열풍(熱風) 건조법(乾燥法)에 의한 젤리 강도는 건조온도(乾燥溫度) 한천(寒天) 젤의 전처리 유무(有無) 및 열전달(熱傳達) 형태(形態)에 의해 다르게 나타났으며, 타(他) 건조법(乾燥法)에 비해 비교적 높은 값을 나타냈다. 열풍(熱風) 건조시(乾燥時), 전처리 과정을 거친 한천(寒天) 젤의 건조속도(乾燥速度)가 대조구의 건조속도(乾燥速度) 보다 훨씬 증가하였으며, 한천(寒天) 젤의 건조속도(乾燥速度)의 증가에 따라 한천(寒天)의 젤리강도는 현저하게 증가되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 1999

In an attempt to test experimental condition of preparing grape powder, grapes having less commercial value was used and tried. With drying method, spray and freeze drying were satisfactory to produce power. Moisture content and odor retention were better by the latter method. Three grape strains stored for 40 days contained more odors than those stored for 5 days. Maltose 90% plus dextrin 10% was suitable for drying support. To increase odror sense, citric acid and vitamin C can be added up to 0.1 and 0.2%, respectively. Considering these conditions, grape complex powder prapared from grape powder 20% comprising drying support, glucose 79.7%, citric acid 0.1%, vitamin C 0.2% with freeze drying was the best by overall evaluation including sensory test. When campbell and neomuscut were mixed by 15:5 or 10:10, sensory evaluation was also ameliorated.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1111-1120
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• 1998

Spray Drying Absorber(SDA) system, where the combustion product gas is mixed with atomized limestone-slurry droplets and then the chemical reaction of $SO_2$ with alkaline components of the liquid droplets forms sulfates, has been widely used to eliminate $SO_2$ gas from coal fired power plants and waste incinerators. Liquid atomization is necessary because it can maximize the reaction efficiency by increasing the total surface area and dispersion angle of the alkaline components. First, numerical calculations using FLUENT are carried out to investigate $SO_2$ concentration distribution and thus to calculate $SO_2$ removal efficiency. So to attain the optimized spray conditions, then an electrostatic spraying system is set up and spray visualization is performed to show the effect of an electric field on overall droplet size. Next, the effect of an electric field on the concentrations of $SO_2$ is experimentally examined. Field strength is varied from -10 kV to 10 kV and configurations of conduction charging and induction charging are utilized. Consequently, the electrostatic removal efficiency of 501 increases about 30% with the applied voltage of ${\pm}10kV$ but is independent of polarity of the applied voltage. It Is also found that the conduction charging configuration results in higher efficiency of $SO_2$ removal that the induction charging configuration. Finally, the effect of slurry temperature on $SO_2$ removal is studied. The temperature influences on the electrostatic removal efficiency of $SO_2$.