• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.270-276
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• 1994

Mycelial growth resistant isolates of Botryosphaeria dothidea to benomyl showed 99~79% spore germination on the PSA media supplemented with 200~2,100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl to manifest the high cross-resistance in spore germination. Mycelial growth, 23~9 mm in colony diameter, also manifested the high cross-resistance of mycelial growth together with similarity of spore forming cross-resistance. Benomyl resistant isolates BR1, BR2 and BR3, grew 23~10 mm in colony diameter at 330~3,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of captafol, captan and oxine-copper showing the high double resistance of mycelial growth and spore formation with minor difference. However, within concentration range of the 3 fungicides tested, germinations of all the tested isolates were completely suppressed to show no double-resistance in the fungal spore germination.

• Mycobiology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.96-99
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• 2001

Withametelin, a steroidal compound isolated from leaves of Datura metel L.(Solanaceae), showed antifungal activity against some plant pathogenic as well as saprophytic fungi tested in vitro. Except Curvularia maculans and Colletotrichum sp., spore germination of all the other 23 fungi was inhibited significantly at 125 to 1000 ppm. Out of the 25 fungi tested, Curvularia sp., Cercospora abelmoschi, Heterosporium sp., Erysiphe cichoracearum and Ustilago cynodontis were most sensitive as there was complete inhibition of germination at 1000 ppm. Similarly, spores of Alternaria brassicae, Curvularia lunata and Helminthosporium pennisetti showed less than 3% germination at the same concentration. Rest of the fungi showed more than 15% spore germination at the same concentration.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.511-518
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• 2018

Aspergillus nidulans와 Botrytis cinerea와 같은 사상균들은 당과 같은 영양분이 존재하지 않은 조건에서는 발아하지 않는다. 본 연구에서는 A. nidulans의 포자에 당을 인식하는 기구가 존재할 것이라는 증거를 제시하였다. A. nidulans의 포자에 증류수를 가하였을 때에는 발아가 관찰되지 않는 반면에 5%의 글루코오스를 가해 주었을 때에는 98%이상의 포자가 발아하였다. 뿐만 아니라 프록토오스, 설탕, 녹말과 같은 단당류, 이당류, 다당류를 가해 주어도 유사한 결과를 관찰할 수 있었다. 특이한 것은L-형의 아라비노오스를 가해 준 포자는 발아관을 형성하였으나D-형의 아라비노오스를 가해주면 증류수를 가해주었을 때와 같이 발아관을 형성하지 못 하였다. 포자를 트립신으로 처리한 후에 글루코오스를 가해주면 발아율이 25%롤 감소하였다. 포자 표면에 존재하는 단백질을 용출하여 분리한 후 MALDI-TOF 질량분석기로 단백질을 동정한 결과 동정된 10종의 단백질 중 8종의 단백질은 당의 대사와 관련된 효소들 임을 확인하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.99-101
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• 2008

The alkaloid securinine was assessed against spore germination of some plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria brassicicola, Curvularia lunata, Curvularia maculans, Curvularia pallenscens, Colletotrichum musae, Colletotrichum sp., Erysiphe pisi, Helminthosporium echinoclova, Helminthosporium spiciferum, Heterosporium sp.). Spore germinations of all the tested fungi were inhibited. Alternaria brassicicola, C. lunata, C. pallenscens and H. spiciferum were highly sensitive as complete inhibition of spore germination was observed at very low concentrations (200 ppm).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2007

It has been proposed that the mode of action of nisin against vegetative cells and spores of Clostridium botulinum is different. However, clear explanation is not available. Therefore, nisin action against vegetative cells and spores of C. botulinum was investigated in this study. Nisin was added at various stages of spore-to-vegetative cell transition and changes to sensitivity to the bacteriocin were observed. Different nisin preparation (Nisaplin or pure nisin) was compared for their activity against different stages of spore transformation of C. botulinum ATCC 25763. Germination was measured by determining loss of heat resistance and observing phase darkening of spores under phase-contrast microscope. Nisin acted bactericidally against vegetative cells, but acted sporostatically against spores of C. botulinum under the same concentration. This bactericidal and sporostatic action of nisin was dependent on the concentration of nisin used. Presence of nisin during spore activation by heat increased subsequent phase darkening and germination rates. However, nisin inhibited the germination and the outgrowth, when it was added after heat activation stage. Findings from this study suggest that the time of addition of nisin is very important for the effective control of spores during the heating process of foods. In addition, it may be possible to apply nisin at the stage of processing that coincides with the most sensitive stage of spore transformation.

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.157-158
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• 2007

The alkaloid fuyuziphine was isolated from the whole plant of Fumaria indica. It had inhibitive effect against spore germination of some plant pathogenic fungi (Collectotrichum sp., C. gloeosporioides, C. falcatum, Curvularia maculans, C. lunata, Erysiphe cichoracearum, Helminthosporium pennisetti, Oidium erysiphoides, Ustilago cynodontis, Alternaria chieranthi, A. mel-ongenae, A. brassicicola and A. solam). Curvularia lunata, Oidium erysiphoides, Alternaria brassicicola and A. solani did not germinate at 750 and 1000 ppm and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. falcatum, Curvularia maculans were inhibited at 1000 ppm for 24 hr incubation. Germination of most fungi was significantly inhibited at $100{\sim}750ppm$.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 1986

사과 반점낙엽병균(斑點落葉病菌) Alternaria mali의 단포자분리(單胞子分離) 1,200균주(菌株)는 captafol, chlorothalonil 및 folpet 100,000 ${\mu}g/ml$에서 각각 76, 96, 및 15% 그리고 iprodione및 polyoxin 10,000 ${\mu}g/ml$에서 5 및 3%의 균사생장(菌絲生長)을 보였다. 이들 내균성(耐菌性)은 상기(上記) 살균제간(殺菌劑間) 그리고 captan, garbenda, 및 thiophanate methyl에 대하여서도 균사생장(菌絲生長) 교차내성(交差耐性) 또는 포자형성(胞子形成) 교차내성(交差耐性)이 높았다. captafol, mancozeb, polydong 및 propineb는 농가사용권장농도 이하(以下)인 100 ${\mu}g/ml$에서도 포자발아(胞子發芽) 억제효과(抑制效果)가 거의 완전하여 포자발아(胞子發芽) 교차내성(交差耐性)을 보이지 않았다. benomyl, fenarimol, oxidong, 및 triademefon을 중도(中度)의 균사생장(菌絲生長), 포자형성(胞子形成) 또는 포자발아(胞子發芽) 교차내성(交差耐性)을 보였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2007

Thermal resistance and heat activation characteristics of Clostridium botulinum ATCC 25763 spores were evaluated. The effects of nisin and pH on the activation and subsequent germination were also investigated. Spores of C. botulinum were not inactivated by heat treatments up to $92^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr. Heat treatment at $85^{\circ}C$ for 90 min was selected as the optimal activation condition based on monitoring subsequent germination. L-alanine alone or in combination with L-cysteine was not sufficient to germinate the spores of this strain. Tryptone-Peptone- Glucose-Yeast extract (TPGY) broth supplemented with L-alanine was used as a suitable germination medium. Decreasing pH of activation suspension increased the degree of phase darkening, i.e., germination. In addition, the presence of nisin during activation increased the degree of phase darkening. The majority of spore populations were dormant at a pH of less than 2.8, and these populations required heat activation to increase the culturability on TPGY agar medium. However, extended heating in the presence of nisin at pH 2.8 decreased the spore count; however, heat activation was less necessary at pH 3.4, compared at pH 2.8.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 1986

쇠비름 즙액에서 얻은 5종의 저급지방산인 isobutyric(C-4), butyric(C-4), isovaleric(C-5), valeric (C-5), caproic(C-6) acids등이 그들 사이에 항균력의 차이는 있었지만 공시한 25종의 식물병원균의 포자발아나 균사생장에 대하여 폭넓은 항균스펙트럼을 보여주었다. 각각의 지방산의 항균력은 포자발아검정이나 균사신장검정에 있어서 공시균주에 따라 큰 차이를 보여주었다. 포자발아검정에 공시한 17종의 병원균과 균사신장검정에 공시한 16종의 병원균은 그들의 포자발아나 균사신장을 제각기 완전히 저해하는 각각의 지방산의 최저저해농도(MIC)에 따라 3군으로 나눌 수 있다. 이밖에도 이 연구의 결과에서 다음과 같은 가설을 제시할 수 있었다. 1) Caproic acid는 공시균의 균사신장보다 포자발아에 대하여 더욱 강한 독성을 보였으나 약간의 예외는 있었지만 그 밖의 지방산은 이와같은 독성을 보여주지 않았다. 2) 지방산의 사슬이 길수록 항균력도 강하다. 3) n-Butyric acid와 n-Valeric acid는 그들의 이성체보다 항균력이 강하다. 4) 각각의 지방산은 부생균의 포자발아나 균사신장에 대한 것보다 활물기생균이나 몇가지 조건적 기생균의 그것들에 대하여 더욱 강한 독성을 보여주었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.100-103
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• 2001

Chaerophylline and berberine hydroxide, both being alkaloids, isolated from Corydalis chaerophylla and C. longipes respectively were assayed against spore germination of some fungi, e.g. Alternaria solani, A. brassicola, A. brassicicola, Helminthosporium penniseti, Helminthosporium sp., Heterosporium sp., Curvularia penniseti, C. maculens and C. palliscens. While chaerophylline inhibited spore germination of most of the fungi at 1000 ppm, being also effective at 50, 100, 200 and 500 ppm, berberine hydroxide was significantly effective at much lower concentration, i.e., 400 ppm against several fungi. This compound was also effective against some fungi at 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm. There was 100% inhibition of spore germination in several fungi at highest concentration of both the compounds. Some of the fungi showed similar results even at lower concentrations.