• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

We previously observed that Bacillus subtilis spores from sspE mutants presented a lower germination capacity in media containing high salt concentrations (0.9M NaCl). This deficiency was attributed to the absence of SASP-E (gamma-type small-acid-soluble protein), rich in osmocompatible amino acids released by degradation. Herein we observed that, in addition, this mutant spore presented a reduced capacity to use L-alanine as germinant (L-ala pathway), required longer times to germinate in calcium dipicolinate ($Ca^{2+}$-DPA), but germinated well in asparagine, glucose, fructose, and potassium chloride (AGFK pathway). Moreover, mild sonic treatment of mutant spores partially recovered their germination capacity in L-ala. Spore qualities were also altered, since sporulating colonies from the sspE mutant showed a pale brownish color, a higher adherence to agar plates, and lower autofluorescence, properties related to their spore coat content. Furthermore, biochemical analysis showed a reduced partition in hexadecane and a higher content of $Ca^{2+}$-DPA when compared with its isogenic wild-type control. Coat protein preparations showed a different electrophoretic pattern, in particular when detected with antibodies against CotG and CotE. The complementation with a wild-type sspE gene in a plasmid allowed for recovering the wild-type coat phenotype. This is the first report of a direct involvement of SASP-E in the spore coat assembly during the differentiation program of sporulation.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.111-121
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• 1978

About 40 temperature-sensitive mutants have been isolated as a preliminary step to study the spore germination, the cell cycle, and the control of macromolecular synthesis in Aspergillus nidulans. To obtain temperature-sensitive mutants rapidly and effectively, the selective enrichment method using antifungal antibiotic nystatin was developed. Based on the data which had applied to the concentration of auxotrophic mutants by the earlier investigators, the optimal concentration and the time of treatment at the nonpermissive temeprature were determined as 50 to 100 units per ml and 4.5 hr., respectively. Out of 41 ts mutants assigned to the strain symbol PK, thirteen that seemed to be arrested at the earlystage of spore germination were subjected to the further cytological and genetic analysis. Elght of these mutants are able to form germ tube and five not. Staining with acid fuchsin for the 5PK strains shows that one irreversible mutant, PK6 strain able to form germ tube, accumulate mitotic spindle, being arrested in mitosis. Another PK15 and PK23 strain have more than one intact nucleolus without germ tube formation at the restrictive temperature. the temperature-senstive mutation in PK12 strain, the onlystrain which is able occurred in certain gene specific for the germination of spore. All of the ts markers are recessive and complement each other in heterokaryon between two different ts markers at the restrictive temperature.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.39-41
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• 2003

Pollen and spores as well as their morphological characteristics are biological stability materials in which contains historical information about vegetation and climate changes. As noted researcher Neishtadt in 1971, the lake and swamp deposits were developed only in Holocene period. The geological history of Darkhad depression which is situated in the Northern end of Mongolia from ancient time become under scientific interest of many researchers. Our investigation was focused on pollen analysis of lake sediment of Darkhad depression which caused bottom of paleolake. In Mongolia the palynology science is beginning to develop since 1990 and in 2000 the laboratory of palynology was established at the department of Biology, State Pedagogical University of Mongolia. Researchers from this laboratory working on pollen morphology of present flora in order to classify plants taxonomy. Another part of our investigation is mellitopalynology, which is studying of pollen grains in a honey. Although, this research has been extending by pollen analysis of sediment and lake deposits in past few years on the basis of high sensitive microscope and modem technology.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.495-501
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• 2009

A new spore display method is presented that enables recombinant proteins to be displayed on the surface of Bacillus spores via fusion with InhA, an exosporium component of Bacillus thuringiensis. The green fluorescent protein and $\beta$-galactosidase as model proteins were fused to the C-terminal region of InhA, respectively. The surface expression of the proteins on the spores was confirmed by flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, measurement of the enzyme activity, and an immunogold electron microscopy analysis. InhA-mediated anchoring of foreign proteins in the exosporium of Bacillus spores can provide a new method of microbial display, thereby broadening the potential for novel applications of microbial display.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2001

황해와 인접한 경기도 김포시 고촌면 김포평야 충적층 시료에서 화분분석과 탄소연대측정을 행하고, 한장 하류 일산지역에서 검토된 해면변동을 통하여 홀로세 후기 김포충적평야의 환경변화를 복원하였다. 화분대 I (5.8~7.0 m.a.s.l.)은 흘로세 후기 해진기인 5,000~3.200년 BP 경으로 수심이 있는 저습지 환경에서 Alnus가 중심인 목본화분 우점기였다 화분대II(7.0~7.4 m.a.s.l.)의 3,200~2,300년 BP에는 해면하강에 따른 지하수위 저하와 인간의 영향으로 Spore-NAP 우점시기로 전환된다. 아분대 Ia는 해진극상기의 특징을 반영했고, 아분대 Ib는 고해면이 정체되면서 초본류가 다소 증가했다. 아분대 IIa에는 해면이 정체 내지 미약하게 하강하여 Alnus와 함께 Spore가 크게 우점하였다. 아분대IIb에는 현저하게 낮아진 해면으로 충적평야는 건륙화되고, 농경을 반영하는 초본류가 급증하였다. 특히, Gramineae의 급증과 함께 Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Umbelliferae가 증가하여 문화지표식물로 간주되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2006

Halotolerant spore-forming Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from the root, rhizosphere, and non-rhizosphere soil of Blutaparon portulacoides. The different isolates were characterized genetically using an amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), and phenotypically based on their colonial morphology, physiology, and nutritional requirements. Three different 16S rRNA gene-based genotypes were observed at a 100% similarity using the enzymes HinfI, MspI, and RsaI, and the phenotypic results also followed the ARDRA groupings. Selected strains, representing the different ARDRA groups, were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing, and members of the genera Halobaeillus, Virgibacillus, and Oceanobacillus were found. Two isolates showed low 16S rDNA sequence similarities with the closest related species of Halobacillus, indicating the presence of new species among the isolates. The majority of the strains isolated in this study seemed to belong to the species O. iheyensis and were compared using an AP-PCR to determine whether they had a clonal origin or not. Different patterns allowed the grouping of the strains according to Pearson's coefficient, and the resulting dendrogram revealed the formation of two main clusters, denoted as A and B. All the strains isolated from the soil were grouped into cluster A, whereas cluster B was exclusively composed of the strains associated with the B. portulacoides roots. This is the first report on the isolation and characterization of halotolerant spore-forming Gram-positive bacteria that coexist with B. portulacoides. As such, these new strains may be a potential source for the discovery of bioactive compounds with industrial value.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.511-518
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• 2018

Aspergillus nidulans와 Botrytis cinerea와 같은 사상균들은 당과 같은 영양분이 존재하지 않은 조건에서는 발아하지 않는다. 본 연구에서는 A. nidulans의 포자에 당을 인식하는 기구가 존재할 것이라는 증거를 제시하였다. A. nidulans의 포자에 증류수를 가하였을 때에는 발아가 관찰되지 않는 반면에 5%의 글루코오스를 가해 주었을 때에는 98%이상의 포자가 발아하였다. 뿐만 아니라 프록토오스, 설탕, 녹말과 같은 단당류, 이당류, 다당류를 가해 주어도 유사한 결과를 관찰할 수 있었다. 특이한 것은L-형의 아라비노오스를 가해 준 포자는 발아관을 형성하였으나D-형의 아라비노오스를 가해주면 증류수를 가해주었을 때와 같이 발아관을 형성하지 못 하였다. 포자를 트립신으로 처리한 후에 글루코오스를 가해주면 발아율이 25%롤 감소하였다. 포자 표면에 존재하는 단백질을 용출하여 분리한 후 MALDI-TOF 질량분석기로 단백질을 동정한 결과 동정된 10종의 단백질 중 8종의 단백질은 당의 대사와 관련된 효소들 임을 확인하였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.222-228
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• 1992

사철 느타리버섯 영양요구성(營養要求性) 균주(菌株)를 팽이버섯 leu 2 유전자를 지닌 pM 301 백터를 이용(利用)하여 영양요구성(營養要求性)을 보완(補完) 시킴으로써 형질전환(形質轉換) 하였다. 형질전환균주(形質轉換菌株)의 균사생장(菌絲生長)을 버섯 완전배지(完全培地)나 버섯 최소(最小) 배지(培地)에서 비교(比較)하였다. 형질전환주(形質轉換株)는 1 핵(核) 균사(菌絲)와 교배(交配)후 자실체(子實體) 형태(形態)를 비교(比較)하고 포자 분석(分析)에 의하여 유전분석(分析)을 하였다. 자실체(子實體) 발생(發生)과 자실체(子實體) 모양이 형질전환주(形質轉換株)는 모균주와 다른 특성(特性)이 나타났다. 모균주(母菌株)는 교배형(交配型)이 $A_1B_1$으로 $A_2B_1$ 교배형(交配型)인 1핵(核) 균주(菌株)와 교배(交配)에 의하여 자실체(子實體)를 형성(形成)하지 못하나 형질전환주(形質轉換株)는 교배형(交配型)이 $A_1B_1$이고 $A_2B_1$ 1핵(核) 균주(菌株)와 교배(交配) 하였을때 자실체(子實體)를 형성(形成)하였다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 영지버섯 포자오일(GLS)의 항노화, 항산화, 항염 그리고 보습에 대한 활성 평가를 진행하였다. 항산화 활성 실험에서 GLS은 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성이 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. 항염 평가는 LPS를 자극시킨 RAW264.7 세포에서 GLS에 대한 NO, TNF-α 그리고 IL-6 생성물의 억제 효능을 측정한 결과, GLS는 NO 그리고 전염증 사이토카인인 TNF-α, IL-6 생성물을 억제하였다. 또한, procollagen 생성물과 COL1A1 mRNA 발현 분석을 위해 인간 섬유아세포를, 그리고 AQP-3 mRMA 발현 분석을 위하여 인간 각질형성세포를 사용하였다. 그 결과, GLS는 procollagen 생성물과 COL1A1, AQP-3 mRNA 발현을 증가시켰다. 이러한 연구결과는 GLS가 항염, 주름 그리고 보습에 대한 잠재적인 효능을 가지고 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.453-458
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Coleosporium plectranthi, an obligate parasite, which is responsible for the rust disease of Perilla frutescens, a plant in Korea, commonly known as Perilla. All rusts are obligate parasites, meaning that they require a living host to complete their life cycle. They generally do not kill the host plant but can severely reduce growth and yield. Food and feed spoilage fungi cause great economic losses worldwide. It is estimated that between 5 and 10% of the world food production is wasted due to fungal deterioration. Rust disease of Perilla is highly frequent and is widely spread in Korea. The present study was designed to investigate a novel media for the urediniospore germination in vitro and anti-rust activity as well as GC-MS analysis of oak pyroligneous liquor. METHOD AND RESULTS: Urediniospores were collected from the infected leaf of Perilla. Spore suspension was made and the suspension was inoculated in the 2% water agar media with proper humidity, then they were incubated at $26^{\circ}C$ for 56 hrs. The GC-MS analysis of the oak pyroligneous liquor was also done to check the chemical composition. GC-MS analysis of the wood vinegar was found 15 compounds, among them o-mthoxyphenol (25.93%), 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (16.06%), 4-methylenecyclohexanone (10.69%), 2,3-dihydroxytoluene (7.84%), levoglucosane (6.14%) and propanoic acid (5.32%) were the major components. Different concentration of the oak pyroligneous liquor was used, and spore inhibition was recorded on the basis of spore counting. The best results were noted at the concentration of 50% solution where 31.8% spores were inhibited. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the chemical composition of the oak pyroligneous liquor and the activity recorded we can use it as an anti-rust agent.