The Environmental Change at Kimpo Alluvial Plain during the Upper Holocene

김포충적평야의 홀로세 후기 환경변화

The environmental change during the upper Holocene was restored at Kimpo alluvial plain on the left bank of Han-river near the Yellow Sea according to the results of pollen analysis and carbon dating, based on the sea-level change from Ilsan area. Pollenzone I (5.8~7.0 m.a.s.l.) was the period of AP-dominance, including mostly Alnus. Study area was under the lagoon or swamp environment influenced by Flandrian transgression during 5,000~3,200 BP. Pollenzone II (7.0~7.4 m.a.s.l.) was the period of Spore & NAP-dominance. It represents that the vegetational environment was changed to drier condition by falling underwater surface caused by sea-level regression, and influenced by human activity during 3,200~2,300 BP. Subzone I a represented the characteristics of the climax of transgression. During subzone I b, herbs with the dominant Alnus were increased gradually, and it was correlated to the stagnation of high sea-level. Subzone II a was the dominant period of Spore by the gradual falling of sea-level. After that, the study area in swamp was emerged to the lowland by the fallen sea-level and herbs, especially Gramineae increased suddenly during Subzone II b. The sudden increase of NAP such as Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Umbelliferae with Gramineae during this period indicates the beginning of agriculture at this study area.

황해와 인접한 경기도 김포시 고촌면 김포평야 충적층 시료에서 화분분석과 탄소연대측정을 행하고, 한장 하류 일산지역에서 검토된 해면변동을 통하여 홀로세 후기 김포충적평야의 환경변화를 복원하였다. 화분대 I (5.8~7.0 m.a.s.l.)은 흘로세 후기 해진기인 5,000~3.200년 BP 경으로 수심이 있는 저습지 환경에서 Alnus가 중심인 목본화분 우점기였다 화분대II(7.0~7.4 m.a.s.l.)의 3,200~2,300년 BP에는 해면하강에 따른 지하수위 저하와 인간의 영향으로 Spore-NAP 우점시기로 전환된다. 아분대 Ia는 해진극상기의 특징을 반영했고, 아분대 Ib는 고해면이 정체되면서 초본류가 다소 증가했다. 아분대 IIa에는 해면이 정체 내지 미약하게 하강하여 Alnus와 함께 Spore가 크게 우점하였다. 아분대IIb에는 현저하게 낮아진 해면으로 충적평야는 건륙화되고, 농경을 반영하는 초본류가 급증하였다. 특히, Gramineae의 급증과 함께 Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Umbelliferae가 증가하여 문화지표식물로 간주되었다.