• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.219-223
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• 1989

Inflammation scan using radiolabelled leukocytes has high sensitivity and specificity. Several methods for labelling leukocytes have been evaluated using P-32 diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP-32), H-3 thymidine, Cr-51 chromate, Ga-67 citrate and Tc-99m-sulfur colloid. In-111-oxine has proved so far to be the most reliable agent for labelling leukocytes. In-111-oxine is, however, expensive, not easily available when needed, and its radiation dose to leukocytes is relatively high. Moreover, resolution of the resultant image is relatively poor. Tc-99m is still the agent of choice because of, as compared with the indium, its favorable physical characteristics, lower cost and availability. Now the technique for labelling the leukocytes with technetium is successfully obtained using the lipophilic HAPAO with higher efficiency for granulocytes than for other cells. With this technique it is possible to label leukocytes in plasma to improve the viability of the leukocytes. Inflammation scan using Tc-99m-HMPAO has been evaluated in several laboratories, and difference in methods for separation and labelling accounts for difference in efficiency, viability and biodistribution of the labelled leukocytes. We performed inflammation scan using leukocytes labelled with Tc-99m-HMPAO in three dogs 24 hours after inoculation of live E. Coli and A. Aureus in their right abdominal wall. We separated mixed leukocytes by simple sedimentation using 6% hetastarch (HES) and labelled the leukocytes with Tc-99m-HMPAO in 20% cell free plama diluted with phosphate buffer solution(Fig. 1). Uptake was high in the liver and spleen but is was minimal in the lungs on whole body scan. Kidneys and intestine showed minimal activity although it was high in the urinary bladder(Fig. 2). Uptake of labelled leukocytes in the inflammation site was do(mite on 2 hour-postinjection scan and abscess was clearly delineated on 24 hour-delayed scan with high target-to-nontarget ratio(Fig. 3, 4). Inflammation scan using mixed leukocytes labelled with Tc-99m-HMPAO is very sensitive and specific in early detection of inflammation.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2007

흰털오가피의 면역활성 증진 효과를 알아보기 위하여 선발된 수컷 마우스를 대상으로 하여 발효유에 흰털오가피 (뿌리 : 잎 : 줄기)와 더덕 열수추출건조물을 (5 : 2 : 1.5) : 1.5 비율로 혼합하여 투여한 그룹 1 mg/mL(A), 3 mg/mL(B), 9 mg/mL(C) 3그룹으로 나누어 임상적용 경로인 경구투여를 선택하여 발효유를 각각 3 mL/kg씩 위내로 직접 투여하였다. 대조군은 발효유만 먹인 그룹(D)과 식염수만 먹인 그룹(E)을 두었다. 흰털오가피의 함량이 ICR계 수컷 마우스의 면역기능에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아본 결과 모든 그룹에서 마우스의 증체량과 체중 증가는 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았고, 7주와 10주령에 안락사 시킨 마우스의 각 장기 무게에서도 간, 신장, 심장, 폐, 고환의 무게에서는 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 비장계수는 7주령 C군과 10주령 B군에서 유의성(p<0.05)있는 증가가 있었으며, 식이 지속기간이 길어질수록 증가된 반면, 흉선계수는 모든 군에서 유의성 있는 증가가 관찰되지 않았다. 항체생산 세포수는 흰털오가피 투여군이 대조군에 비해 증가하였으며, 7주령에 비해 10주령이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 항원에 대한 항체 생성량을 알아보기 위하여 혈구응집반응을 실시한 결과 흰털오가피 투여군이 대조군에 비하여 증가하는 경향을 보였고 10주령 C군에서 유의성 있는 차이를 보였다. 면역글로블린 농도는 흰털오가피 투여군에서 증가하였고, 7 및 10주령 C군에서 유의성이 있었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.324-336
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• 1992

영지버섯 Ganoderma lucidum과 잔나비걸상버섯 Ganoderna applanatum의 원형질체 융합균주 5개에 대하여 항암실험을 실시하여 그 중에서 다른 것에 비해 항암력이 높은 융합균주 F-2를 선발하였다. 그 항암성분을 조사하기 위하여 융합체의 균사를 액내 배양하고 열수추출물로부터 얻은 단백 다당체를 DEAE cellulose ion exchange column chromatography와 Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration을 이용하여 5가지 분획(Fr. I-V)으로 분리, 정제하여 모균주들과의 차이점을 비교, 분석하였다. 모균주와 분리한 각 성분들을 20mg/kg/day 용량으로 마우스의 복강에 투여하였을 때 sarcoma 180 고형암에 대하여 균주보다 융합체 성분(Fr. ll)의 종양억제율이 최고 1.5배로 증가되었다. 그리고 마우스의 면역에 영향을 미치는 항암성분을 연구한 결과, 대조군에 비해 활성화된 대식세포에서 분비되는 superoxide anion의 양을 1.2배, 비장세포중의 용혈반 형성 세포수를 4.3배로 증가시켰다. 화학분석에 의하면 이 성분은 glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose와 xylose로 구성된 다당류가 85.2%이며 15종의 아미노산으로 구성된 단백질이 0.39%이었고, hexosamine이 0.39%로 구성되었으며 분자량은 $5.6{\times}10^4$ dalton이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.388-393
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• 2015

본 연구는 BALB/c 마우스에서 감마선 조사 후 루틴을 7일 동안 경구투여하여 감마선 조사로 인한 조혈계 및 간세포 손상에 대한 방사선 회복 효과를 검토하였다. 루틴의 투여는 감마선 조사군에 비해 조혈 면역계 손상을 억제하여 보호하였으며, 증가된 간독성 지표 효소도 유의적으로 감소하여 간세포 손상에 대한 보호효과를 확인하였다. 방사선 조사에 의해 체내에서 생성된 자유 라디칼은 생체물질과 결합하여 지질과산화를 일으키고 산화적 스트레스를 유도하여 조직을 손상시킨다. 루틴을 투여한 군은 감마선 조사군에 비해 지질과산화가 유의적으로 낮게 나타나 방사선에 의한 장해를 감소시킨 것으로 사료된다. 루틴을 투여한 군의 항산화 효소의 활성은 감마선 조사군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하여 생체 내에 항산화 활성을 회복시켰다. 이 상의 결과를 통해 방사선 조사 후에 루틴의 투여는 방사선에 의한 조혈계 및 간세포 손상에 대해 회복 효과가 있어 방사선 보호제로 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2014

본 연구는 면역억제 마우스에서 양강 에탄올 추출물이 면역증강에 미치는 영향을 평가해보았다. 마우스에 cyclophosphamide를 2회 복강 주사한 후 양강 추출물을 30, 100, 300 mg/kg 용량으로 4주간 경구투여 한 후, 체중 및 면역장기 무게, 비장세포수, 혈청 사이토카인 농도 및 혈청 면역글로불린의 농도를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 체중과 비장세포수는 양강 추출물 투여 시 대조군과 비교하여 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈청의 IL-2, TGF-${\beta}$ 및 IFN-${\gamma}$ 농도는 AO 100군에서 대조군에 비해 유의적인 증가를 보였고(p<0.05) IL-4 농도는 실험군에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈청 내 IgM의 농도는 대조군에 비해 양강 추출물 투여군 모두에서 유의적으로 증가하였고 (p<0.05), IgA의 농도는 양강 추출물 투여군에서 증가하는 경향을 보였는데 특히 AO100군에서 유의성 있게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 본 연구 결과는 양강 에탄올 추출물은 혈청 내 사이토카인 농도와 면역글로불린 농도를 증가시켜 면역력 증강에 기여할 것으로 보이며 특히 100 mg/kg을 투여하였을 때 효과가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of Syzygium aromaticum (SAE) spread on the allergic contact dermatitis caused by 2,4-dinitro-chlorobezene (DNCB). Methods : Forty-two mice were divided into six groups ; normal, negative control (DNCB-treated), positive control (DNCB + 1% pimecrolimus), experimental group I, II and III. control and experimental groups were induced allergic contact dermatitis by DNCB. Experimental group I(DNCB + 0.2% SAE), II(DNCB + 1% SAE) and III(DNCB + 5% SAE) were spread SAE and positive control was spread the 1% pimecrolimus. In this study, effect of SAE on clinical aspects on the skin, histopathological change, the blood level of IgE, cytokines, histamine were investigated. In addition, effect of SAE on spleen $CD4^+/CD8^+$ T cell subset was investigated. Results : 1. In experimental group I, II and III, erythemas and edema were more reduced than negative control. 2. In experimental group I, II and III inflammatory edema and the numbers of infiltrated inflammatory cells were more reduced than negative control. 3. In experimental group I, II and III, clinical skin score was more reduced than negative control. 4. In experimental group II and III, the thickness of skin was statistically significant reduced than negative control. 5. In experimental group II and III, histamine release was statistically significant reduced than negative control in dose-dependantly. 6. In experimental group II and III, cytokines (IL-1${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) were statistically significant reduced than negative control in dose-dependantly. 7. In experimental group I, II and III, the level of total IgE was statistically significant reduced than negative control in dose-dependantly. 8. In experimental group III, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ T cells were statistically significant decreased similar to the positive control. Conclusions : According to above experiments, Syzygium aromaticum(SAE) was effective on allergic contact dermatitis.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.335-336
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• 1996

Artemisinin, a new antimalarial to treat patients infected with strains of Plasmodium jalciparum, derived from the plant Artemisia annua Linn, has immunopharmacologic actions such as enhence the PHA -induced lymphocyte transformation rate, increased the weight of spleen but reduced the weight of thymus, reduced phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophage, remarkably reduced the level of serum IgG and hemolysin fonning capacity (sentitized with SRBC), inhibited the activity of Ts cells of donor mice by supraoptimal immunuization(SOI), but enhenced activity of Ts cells of recipient mice by SOI. These results suggested that Ts cells may be the target cells of artemisinin. To the serum complement C3 level of plasmodium berghei-infeted mice, artemisinin (i. m,) could remarkly increase it. The artemisinin also obviously reduced the prostaglandin E(PGE) in the mouse hind paw swelling induced by carrageenin. Numerous studies have demonstrated that pharmacologic doses of PGE attenuate the development of immunocomplex nephritis. Some autologous immune mechanisms may be invoolved In the pathogensis of some types of glomurulonephritis. Glomerular abnormalities can be induced in animals by variety of immunological manipulations. The resulting disorder has many clinical and pathogical similarities to the disease in human. Our purpose was therefore to test the ability of the artemisinin to lessen the severity of rabbit IgG accelerated nephrotoxic serum glomerulonephritis in mice model. Mice which had treated with rabbit IgG and NTS, administrated with saline, showed Significant inceases of urinary protein, cholesterol level, and decrease of serum albumin in NS group. On the contrary, By i.g. adminstration of artemisinin at dose of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg for 14 days after NTS injection, shown that artemisinin inhibited the nephritic changes in some parameters by means of urinary protein(p<0.05, p<0.01) and serum choleterol(p<0.05, p<0.01) and albumin (p<0.05, p<0.01), blood urea nitrogen (p<0.05, p<0.01), serum albumin(p<0.05, p<0.01); Cyclophosphamide(i.p. 10mg/kg for 14d) had almost same effect as the artemisinin had. Morphological studies shown that The picture of kidney from the mouse with NTS-nephritis accerated with rabbit IgG, treated with i.g. saline as the control, the mesangiocapillary were enlarged and proliferated; There were inflammatory cells infiltrating around the glomeruli; The ethelial cell were proliferated in the wall of Bowman's capsule. Histopatholological picture of kidney from the NTS-nephritis accerated with rabbit IgG mouse treated with i.p. 10mg/kg cyclophosphamide as the positive control. No siginicant histopathological evidence were found. Treaded with i.p. 12.5mg/kg artemisinine, the picture shown that mesangiocapillary were lightly proliferated; There were inflammatory cells infiltrating around the glomeruli; Treaded with i.p. 25mg/kg artemisinine, The picture shown that the mesangiocapillary were lightly proliferated; Treaded with i.p. 50mg/kg artemisinine, The picture shown that both the mesangiocapillary proliferated and the inflammatory cells infiltrating around the glomeruli are less than treated with saline, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg artemisinine. On the basis of these studies we conclude that the artemisinin can relieve pathological change caused by NTS-nephritis aacerated with rabbit IgG.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.63-84
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• 2004

Objective & Methods : To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement of herbal-acupuncture with Eclipta prostrata diffusae herba infusion solution(ELP-HAS), we injected ELP-HAS into Chung-wan(CV12) of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma. We have reached the following conclusion through the effect on the percentage of $CD25^+/CD4^+$, $CD8^+/CD3e^+$, $CD69^+/B220^+$, $NK1.1^+/CD3e^+$cells in mouse PBMCs, the effect on the pulmonary colony formation number, and the effect on MST(Median Survival Time) and ILS(Increase of Life Span) of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma. Results : The results were obtained as follows : 1. In the experiment groups treated with ELP(Ecliptae Herba) Herbal acupuncture, the spleen cell proliferation in BALB/c mouse was significantly increased compared with control group. 2. In the experiment groups treated with ELP(Ecliptae Herba) Herbal acupuncture, the percentage of $CD25^+/CD4^+$, $CD8^+/CD3e^+$, $CD69^+/B220^+$, $NK1.1^+/CD3e^+$cells in C57BL/6 mouse PBMCs was increased compared with control group. 3. In the experiment groups treated with ELP(Ecliptae Herba) Herbal acupuncture, the pulmonary colony formation number of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma was decreased significantly compared with control group. 4. In the experiment groups treated with ELP(Ecliptae Herba) Herbal acupuncture, MST(Median Survival Time) and ILS(Increase of Life Span) of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma were increased significantly compared with control group. Conclusions : ELP Herbal acupuncture injection into Chung-wan(CV12) of C57BL/6 mice is considered to be effective in anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1390-1395
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• 1997

혈관내 림프종증(intravascular lymphomatosis, IVL)은 1959년 처음 보고되었으며, 주로 B 림프구의 혈관 내부에 국한된 악성 증식으로 발생하는 드문 악성 질환이다. IVL의 주된 침범 부위는 중추신경계이며 그 외 피부, 심장, 폐, 간 등 전신장기를 침범할 수 있다. IVL의 폐침범은 드문 경우로 주된 증상은 호흡곤란, 발열, 기침 등이며 방사선학적으로 간질성 침윤으로 나타난다. 최근 저자 등은 고열과 흉부 통증을 동반하여 발생한 폐를 침범한 혈관내 림프종증 1예를 경험하였기에 단순 흉부촬영에서 간질성 침윤을 동반하는 원인 미상의 발열과 호흡곤란의 드문 감별 진단의 하나로 이를 보고한다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.468-476
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• 2016

PLZF-expressing invariant natural killer T cells and CD4 T cells are unique subsets of innate T cells. Both are selected via thymocyte-thymocyte interaction, and they contribute to the generation of activated/memory-like CD4 and CD8 T cells in the thymus via the production of IL-4. Here, we investigated whether $PLZF^+$ innate T cells also affect the development and function of $Foxp3^+$ regulatory CD4 T cells. Flow cytometry analysis of the thymus and spleen from both CIITA transgenic C57BL/6 and wild-type BALB/c mice, which have abundant $PLZF^+$ CD4 T cells and invariant natural killer T cells, respectively, revealed that $Foxp3^+$ T cells in these mice exhibited a $CD103^+$ activated/memorylike phenotype. The frequency of $CD103^+$ regulatory T cells was considerably decreased in $PLZF^+$ cell-deficient $CIITA^{Tg}Plzf^{lu/lu}$ and $BALB/c.CD1d^{-/-}$ mice as well as in an IL-4-deficient background, such as in $CIITA^{Tg}IL-4^{-/-}$ and $BALB/c.IL-4^{-/-}$ mice, indicating that the acquisition of an activated/ memory-like phenotype was dependent on $PLZF^+$ innate T cells and IL-4. Using fetal thymic organ culture, we further demonstrated that IL-4 in concert with TGF-${\beta}$ enhanced the acquisition of the activated/memory-like phenotype of regulatory T cells. In functional aspects, the activated/ memory-like phenotype of Treg cells was directly related to their suppressive function; regulatory T cells of $CIITA^{Tg}PIV^{-/-}$ mice more efficiently suppressed ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation compared with their counterparts from wild-type mice. All of these findings suggest that $PLZF^+$ innate T cells also augmented the generation of activated/memory-like regulation via IL-4 production.