• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.976-981
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• 2004

This study was written in order to help understanding of visible diagnosis of spirit(神). Visible diagnosis of spirit(神) is a very important factor of diagnosis and a first step of visible diagnosis. Spirit(神) is closely connection with appearance(形), so is revealed by appearance(형). If we make a visible diagnosis of spirit(神), we know the prosperousness of energy and the relative seriousness of an illness. Spirit(神) is understood by appearances and movements of patient, and influenced by seasons, lands, human's relationship and the grade of age. Visible diagnosis of spirit(神) is practiced by the observation of movements, appearances, languages, voices, mental condition, color, eye, etc. By visible diagnosis of spirit(神), we can conclude existence or nonexistence of spirit(神), discriminate true spirit(神) from false spirit(神), and diagnose mental diseases. As comparing spirit(神) with appearance(形), we can decide good or bad prognoses.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1558-1568
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• 2004

In ancient times, the society was unity of church and state and this social leader took medical treatment, too. As he ruled over a people with a Chinese classic on divination, many oriental doctors have considered that the medicine and a Chinese classic on divination(周易) have same origine, and have used it. The divination of six yinyang-strokes(六爻) must be made up of some established rules, for example, division of fifty sticks(葉蓍法), use of three coins(擲錢法), use of numbering sticks and number of time(時間作卦法). six yinyang-strokes is one trigram. As we divine good or bad luck through investigation of six yinyang-strokes, we can know good or bad luck of patient's diseases and cares. A purpose of divination is called use-spirit(用神), a spirit to weaken use-spirit is called dislike-spirit (忌神), and a spirit to help use-spirit is called pleasure-spirit(喜神). As use-spirit is a state of disease in divination of disease and patient, use-spirit is patient and dislike-spirit is disease. If supports of use-spirit are more than supports of dislike, it's good luck, but if not, it's bad luck. As use-spirit is a prognosis of disease in divination of care, use-spirit is patient, dislike-spirit is a state of disease, and pleasure-spirit are medicine and doctor. we inspect condition of patient with good or bad luck of use-spirit, state of disease with good or bad luck of dislike-spirit, and medicine with good or bad luck of pleasure-spirit. Finally, we take a bird's-eye-view of the balance of them and decide on course of action.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.197-205
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• 2020

Objectives : We analyzed the descriptions of Doek(德)·Qi(氣)·Saeng(生)·Jeong(精)·Sin(神)·Hon(魂)·Baek(魄)·Sim(心)·Ui(意)·Ji(志)·Sa(思)·Ji(智)·Ryeo(慮)·Ji(智) which are the concepts mentioned in the beginning of the ≪Lingshu·Benshen≫. Methods : We reinterpreted this verse in ≪Lingshu·Benshen≫ from the viewpoint of evolution and development of mental function and considered it in relation to the knowledge of modern psychology and brain science. Results & Conclusions : The reproductive essence of the parents are combined, primitive essence (元精) is created and simultaneously primitive spirit is born. Primitive spirit first differentiates into Hon and Baek. Hon and Baek are instinctive mental functions. Up to this point, because the process is completed before birth, primitive spirit, Hon, and Baek are innate spirit. Ui, Ji, Sa, Ryeo and Ji are the rational thinking abilities as mental functions that develop actively after birth. This is called conscious spirit and acquired spirit. Analyzing the contents of , it can be said that the mental function is divided into four layers of primitive spirit-Baek-Hon-conscious spirit.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.207-226
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• 2009

Lately in the medical world, they realized that the spirit is important for health best of all, and in the WHO, the meaning of health was "The condition of being sound in body, mind", now as they added the spirit to there, it became "The condition of being sound in body, mind, or spirit". Even though we know well about the importance of spirit, but it is difficult to make sure what that mean is. Even in the Psychology, they didn't distinguish clearly the spirit from the mind. In this report, we have revealed the traits of spirit from the classic theory of spirit to the today's, as studying at side of biology and psychology. Especially the spirit have been developed remarkably for a long time at every religion. Recently in the medical world, they connected 'the spirit of Buddhism' to 'MBSR', and 'the spirit of Christianity' to 'Breakout Principle' with medical method. So, we have studied how the spirit give the positive contribution to the Psycho-therapy.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.11-40
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• 2015

Objectives : With Taoist medicine, there is a way of improving one's health by adopting a unique discipline called 'Five viscera spirit meditation'. The method was reintroduced in traditional Korean medicine when it was finalized. The viscera figures in the Uibang-yuchwi is one of the good examples in which the photos influenced by the five viscera spirit meditation appeared in medical literature. This research is aimed to study the process and the result of how medical knowledge influenced the formation of the five viscera spirit meditation, an important health theory of Taoist medicine, and how Korean medicine was affected by Taoist medicine. Methods : We will compare and study the information included in the following publications: the Taipingjing from the Dong-Han Period when the concepts of five viscera spirit were conceived; the huangtingjing from the Wei-Jin-Nan-Bei-Chao Period when the five viscera spirit meditation was finalized; the Yuanshenjing, the Yuzhoujing and the Buxietu based on Taoist medicine; and the Uibang-yuchwi based on traditional Korean medicine. Results & Conclusions : SThe medical knowledge at the initial stage made its way into Taoist medicine, forming the foundation of health theories and contributing to the creation of the five viscera spirit meditation. After some exchanges of medical knowledge and practices between Taoist medicine and other existing medicines, the five viscera spirit meditation reappeared in medical literature in the form of drawings and was used to cure diseases.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.395-405
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a Web-based flash content for fighting spirit promotion and to test its effect on cancer patients' fighting spirit. Methods: The 15-minute long Web-based flash content was developed using the following 5 process: analysis, planning, development, program operation and evaluation stages and utilized the multiple edition and revision processes from December 2005 to August 2006. The evaluation was done by one group pretest-posttest design. Study subjects were 17 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The group were received a 2-week intervention, a day weekly, and measured the variables at baseline, 4 weeks later. The study was performed from August 2006 to February 2007 at a cancer center in Korea. Fighting spirit was measured by Mini-MAC(Mental Adjustment to Cancer). Data was analysed by descriptive statistics and paired t-test using SAS 9.13 program. Results: On the Web-based flash content, there are 4 menu bars that consisted of cancer diagnosis, symptom management, stress management, and cancer survivorship. The study group revealed significantly more fighting spirit than pre-test(t=-3.04, p=.008). Conclusion: This Web-based flash content can be utilized in psychosocial interventions for promoting fighting spirit in patients with cancer.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2001

Human nature, life, mind and spirit have very important meanings for Oriental medical science. This is because understanding human mind and spirit not only makes treatment of people easier and more accessible but also provides us a clue for finding out something we lost. As a consequence of investigating various classic books by ancient medical practitioners and Taoist scholars s as follows: l. Mind and spirit were valued very highly in Oriental medical science, and this can be found in classic books like , , , and . 2. To cure people, acquirement of detailed knowledge of mind and spirit should be preceded. 3. The Taoist school regarded mind, spirit, human nature and life as critical agents of health care and perceived that they were indispensable for going back to The Great Emptiness(Nothingness before the First Cause), the ultimate goal of Taoist learning. 4. Although human nature, life, mind and spirit have different names and different users, it is like theory and practice and we can see that ancient sages used them all in the same context of natural law.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.114
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• pp.241-263
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• 2016

History is not only Hegel's philosophical subject, but it corresponds to his entire system of philosophy. Because his system of philosophy is a description of the self-movement of spirit and 'world history' reveals the overall movement of spirit. Hegel's 'historical and philosophical standpoint' goes through the description of his entire system, and this tendency is more and more reinforced towards the later Hegel. If it is reasonable to find the corresponding relationship between Hegel's system of philosophy and 'world history', the relationship between 'objective spirit' and 'absolute spirit' must be systematically unraveled in the horizon of world history. The world-historical perspective in 'objective spirit' has the limit to consider 'modern European nations' as a final destination. On the contrary, world history that acts as a mediator in the transition from 'objective spirit' to 'absolute spirit' makes it possible to jump in absolute horizon by recognizing limitations of nation states and avoiding specific and limited conditions dialectically. So what is revealed through the study of 'world history' in Hegel's system of philosophy is that in the view of 'absolute spirit' of art, religion, philosophy 'political state' is not the end that all mankind should aim at. Therefore, it is undesirable only to criticize Hegel's philosophy of history as 'Eurocentrism'.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.115-131
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• 2015

This study is aimed to determine the relation among fathers' rejective parenting style, fathers' community spirit, and their children's humanity. We also examined whether fathers' community spirit mediates the association between fathers' rejective parenting style and children's humanity. The study used data from 207 4-to 5-year-old children and their fathers from a kindergarten located in Seoul, South Korea. We estimated Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and Pearson's correlation coefficient, and employed a two-way ANOVA and a multiple regression analysis. In addition, a Sobel test was conducted to examine the mediation effect. The results are as follows. First, There were no significant differences in fathers' rejective parenting style, fathers' community spirit, and their children's humanity by children's sex and age. Second, children's humanity was negatively related to fathers' rejective parenting style and positively related to fathers' community spirit. That is, children's humanity can be improved further by lowering fathers' rejective parenting style and increasing fathers' community spirit. Third, our results showed that fathers' community spirit mediated the association between fathers' rejective parenting style and their children's humanity.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.32
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• pp.7-32
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• 2012

This study aimed to evaluate the relative status using Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) on the spiritual factors of the security martial arts for the guards to perform the best security service. There were 540 participants who were students majored in security martial arts, workers for security and specialists of practical and theoretical security martial arts for this study. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out using the selecting data through literature reviews in the level of the factor-extraction about the spiritual characteristics. The specialists' survey was conducted on the relative status among factors using the spiritual concept structure based on the studied above. Selected data was calculated with SPSS 18.0 for windows, AMOS 5.0, and Expert Choice 2000 software. The conclusion can be made through those process above. First, 4 general factors and 20 detailed factors were found as the result of the factor exploration related to the spiritual characteristics of the security martial arts. The result which was verified on Construction validity of searched factors had stable figures on every standard. In other words, the participants for survey on this study "Spiritual characteristic concepts of the security martial arts" can be evaluated it is valid. The general factors of security martial arts' spirit were conceptualized with Psychological spirit, ethical spirit, martial art spirit, practical spirit through the naming process on the general factors of the security martial arts' spiritual characteristic concepts. The detailed factors of security martial arts' spirit were concentration, self-confidence, self-management, immersion, self-esteem in psychological spirit and sacrifice, justice, royalty, peace, sense of duty in ethical spirit and courtesy, toughness, defense, balance of mind and body, bravery in martial arts and responsibility, cooperation, modesty, determination, professionalism in practical spirit of security martial arts. That is, the conceptualization of security martial arts' spirit was verified that it had validity. Second, the hierarchical model of the security martial arts was composed with 4 superordinate concepts and 20 subordinate concepts. As the result of evaluating relative status based on Spiritual characteristics-hierarchy model, the impotance was proven in order of ethical spirit(.482), martial art spirit(.248), practical spirit(.188), psychological spirit(.083). Also the importance related to spiritual characteristics of security martial arts on subordinate concepts was proven in order of sacrifice(.252), courtesy(.110), sense of duty(.108), responsibility(. 073), royalty(.053), toughness(.052), justice(.049), defense(.038), professionalism(.038), determination(.035), cooperation(.029), self-confidence (.026), bravery(.025), self-esteem(.024), balance of mind and body(.023), peace(.019), concentration(.014), modesty(.013), self-management(.011), flow (.007). To sum up, the spiritual factor related to ethics such as sacrifice, justice, royalty, peace, sense of duty was the most important for the security martial arts.