• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.273-280
• /
• 2013

흉추 측면검사에서의 T-spine breathing technique을 실제 임상에서 사용되고 있는 4가지 검출기인 computer radiography (CR), charge coupled device (CCD), indirect digital radiography (IDR)와 direct digital radiography (DDR)을 사용하여 임상 유용성을 넓히고자 하였다. 화질 평가는 흉추 측면검사의 평가요소 중 5곳 (극돌기, 추궁근, 추체, 추간공, 추간)을 Image J 프로그램을 이용하여 관심영역을 정하고 신호 평균값과 표준편차를 구하여 대조도 잡음비와 신호 대 잡음비를 측정하여 비교하였다. 실험결과 4가지 검출기에서 T-spine breathing technique에서 극돌기, 추궁근, 추체, 추간공, 추간의 5곳 구조에서 우수하게 나타났다. 기존의 T-spine exhalation technique에 비해 T-spine breathing technique으로 촬영한 영상은 우수한 화질을 제공하므로 추후 심호기가 어려운 고령환자들에게 유용한 방법이라 사료된다. 그리고 4가지 검출기에서 contrast to noise ratio (CNR)와 signal to noise ratio (SNR) 같은 정량적인 수치를 제시함으로써 T-spine breathing technique의 적용 가능성을 나타내었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제14권9호
• /
• pp.4429-4436
• /
• 2013

흉추 측면검사에서 기존의 T-spine exhalation technique (TET)과 환자의 자연스런 호흡 상태에서 촬영하는 T-spine breathing technique (TBT)의 대조도 잡음 비와 신호 대 잡음 비를 측정하여 적절한 검사기법을 제시하고자 하였다. 2012년 6월부터 2012년 11월까지 척추질환으로 본원을 내원하여 흉추 측면검사를 시행한 환자 53명을 대상으로 하였으며, 동일한 환자를 대상으로 측면 선 자세에서 기존의 TET와 TBT를 병행하였다. 화질 평가는 흉추 측면검사의 평가요소 중 5곳(극돌기, 추궁근, 추체, 추간공, 추간)을 Image J 프로그램을 이용하여 관심영역을 정하고 화소의 평균과 대조 농도와의 차이를 구하여 대조도 잡음 비를 측정하여 비교하였다. 또한 추체에 관심영역을 정하여 화소의 평균과 표준편차를 구하고 신호 대 잡음 비를 측정하여 비교하였다. TET와 TBT방법으로 촬영한 영상을 대조도 잡음 비와 신호 대 잡음 비에서 비교한 결과, TBT방법이 추궁근, 추체, 추간공, 추간의 구조에서 우수하게 나타났으며, 통계적으로 매우 유의하였다(p<.01). 기존의 심호기법에 비해 TBT방법으로 촬영한 영상은 우수한 화질을 제공하므로 이를 토대로 임상에 혼재되어 있는 흉추 측면 검사법을 재정립하고, 여러 의료기관에 적용할 경우, 유용성이 크다고 사료된다.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.345-352
• /
• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of Spine-Pelvis Monitor(SPM) that was developed to measure 3-dimensional motion of spine and pelvis using tilt sensor and gyro sensor. Background: The main cause of low back pain is very much associated with the task using the low back and pelvis, but no measurement technique can quantify the both spine and pelvis. Method: For testing the SPM, 125 angles from three anatomical planes were measured three times in order to evaluate the accuracy and reliability. The accuracy of SPM in measuring dynamic motion was evaluated using digital motion analysis system. The motion pattern captured by two measuring methods was compared with each other. In result, the percentage error and Cronbach coefficient alpha were calculated to evaluate the accuracy and reliability. Results: The percentage error was 0.35% in flexion-extension on sagittal plane, 0.43% in lateral bending on coronal plane, and 0.40% in twisting on transverse plane. The Cronbach coefficient alpha was 1.00, 0.99 and 0.99 in sagittal, coronal and transvers plane, respectively. Conclusion: The SPM showed less than 1% error for static measurement, and showed reasonably similar pattern with the digital motion system. Application: The results of this study showed that the SPM can be the measuring method of spine pelvis motion that enhances the kinematic analysis of low back dynamics.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.108-113
• /
• 2014

Objective : Ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory rheumatic disease mainly affecting the axial skeleton. The rigid spine may secondarily develop osteoporosis, further increasing the risk of spinal fracture. In this study, we reviewed fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis that had been clinically diagnosed to better define the mechanism of injury, associated neurological deficit, predisposing factors, and management strategies. Methods : Between January 2003 and December 2013, 12 patients with 13 fractures with neurological complications were treated. Neuroimaging evaluation was obtained in all patients by using plain radiography, CT scan, and MR imaging. The ASIA Impairment Scale was used in order to evaluate the neurologic status of the patients. Management was based on the presence or absence of spinal instability. Results : A total of 9 cervical and 4 thoracolumbar fractures were identified in a review of patients in whom ankylosing spondylitis had been diagnosed. Of these, 7 fractures were associated with a hyperextension mechanism. 10 cases resulted in a fracture by minor trauma. Posttraumatic neurological deficits were demonstrated in 11 cases and neurological improvement after surgery was observed in 5 of these cases. Conclusions : Patients with ankylosing spondylitis are highly susceptible to spinal fracture and spinal cord injury even after only mild trauma. Initial CT or MR imaging of the whole spine is recommended even if the patient's symptoms are mild. The patient should also have early surgical stabilization to correct spinal deformity and avoid worsening of the patient's neurological status.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제58권5호
• /
• pp.448-453
• /
• 2015

Objective : Recently, the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been prolonged with improvements in various diagnostic tools and medical treatment modalities. Consequently, spine metastases from HCC are being diagnosed more frequently. The accurate prediction of prognosis plays a critical role in determining a patient's treatment plan, including surgery for patients with spinal metastases of HCC. We investigated the clinical features, surgical outcomes, and prognostic factors of HCC presenting with spine metastases, in patients who underwent surgery. Methods : A retrospective review was conducted on 33 HCC patients who underwent 36 operations (three patients underwent surgical treatment twice) from February 2006 to December 2013. The median age of the patients was 56 years old (range, 28 to 71; male : female=30 : 3). Results : Overall survival was not correlated with age, sex, level of metastases, preoperative Child-Pugh classification, preoperative ambulatory function, preoperative radiotherapy, type of operation, administration of Sorafenib, or the Tokuhashi scoring system. Only the Tomita scoring system was shown to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Comparing the Child-Pugh classification and ambulatory ability, there were no statistically differences between patients pre- and post-operatively. Conclusion : The Tomita scoring system represents a practicable and highly predictive prognostic tool. Even though surgical intervention may not restore ambulatory function, it should be considered to prevent deterioration of the patient's overall condition. Additionally, aggressive management may be needed if there is any ambulatory ability remaining.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제11권10호
• /
• pp.488-493
• /
• 2011

한국과학기술정보연구원과 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 가톨릭응용해부연구소에서는 척추 연구자들이 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 기초 자료를 구축하고 있다. 척추 형상 정보를 제공하기 위해 60-80대 기증시신 20여 표본을 활용하여 고해상도 척추 (whole spine) CT (pixel dimension : 0.4x mm, thickness: 0.6mm)를 촬영하고 이를 3차원 모델링 소프트웨어(Mimics, Ver.14, Materialise, Belgium)를 사용하여 3차원 형상 모델(shell model, STL format)로 구축하고, 목, 등, 허리 척추의 주요 부위를 계측하여 수치화 하였다. 시신기반 자료의 한계를 극복하기 위해 고령자 호발 질환을 중심으로 대상 환자를 선정하여 X-Ray, CT, BMD 자료를 구축하여 보강하고 있다. 물리적 성질 정보 구축은 기증시신 10여 표본을 활용하여 임상적, 물리적 골밀도를 측정하고, 목척추(cervical), 등척추(thoracic), 허리척추(lumbar) 부분의 굽힘-폄(flexion-extension), 가쪽 굽힘(lateral bending), 회전(torsion), 압축(body/disc compression) 시험을 수행하여 작용력과 굽힘량의 관계를 구축하고 있다. 구축된 물성 시험 결과는 형상 모델과 함께 제공되어 자료의 활용도를 높이고 있으며, 이를 이용하여 한국인 특성이 반영된 척추 관련 연구 및 제품 개발에 활용 될 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제63권6호
• /
• pp.767-776
• /
• 2020

Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) for adjacent segmental disease (ASD) after anterior cervical fusion (ACF). As ACF is accepted as the standard treatment for cervical spondylosis, many studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various surgical techniques to overcome symptomatic ASD after the previous surgery. Herein, PCF was performed for the treatment of symptomatic ASD and the feasibility of the surgery was evaluated. Methods : Forty nine patients who underwent PCF due to symptomatic ASD from August 2008 to November 2017 were identified. For demographic and perioperative data, the sex, age, types of previous surgery, ASD levels, operation times, and bleeding amount were recorded. The clinical outcome was assessed using the visual analogue scale for the neck and arm, the modified Odom's criteria as well as neck disability index. Radiologic evaluations were performed by measuring disc softness, disc height, the cervical 2-7 sagittal vertical axis, cervical cobb angle, and facet violation. Results : Thirty-seven patients were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups based on the location of the pathology; paracentral (group P) or foramina (group F). Both groups showed significant clinical improvement (p<0.05). The proportion of calcified disc and facet violations was significantly larger in group F (p<0.05). The minimal disc height decrease with mild improvement on sagittal alignment and cervical lordosis was radiologically measured without statistical significance in both groups (p>0.05). Conclusion : PCF showed satisfactory clinical and radiologic outcomes for both paracentral and foraminal pathologies of ASD after ACF. Complications related to anterior revision were also avoided. PCF can be considered a feasible and safe surgical option for ASD after ACF.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권24호
• /
• pp.10797-10801
• /
• 2015

Background: To explore the molecular mechanisms of metastatic osteosarcoma (OS) by using the microarray expression profiles of metastatic and non-metastatic OS samples. Materials and Methods: The gene expression profile GSE37552 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 2 human metastatic OS cell line models and 2 two non-metastatic OS cell line models. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by Multtest package in R language. In addition, functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs was performed by WebGestalt, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed by Hitpredict, then the signal pathways of the genes involved in the networks were performed by Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) automatic annotation server (KAAS). Results: A total of 237 genes were classified as DEGs in metastatic OS. The most significant up- and down-regulated genes were A2M (alpha-2-macroglobulin) and BCAN (brevican). The DEGs were significantly related to the response to hormone stimulus, and the PPI network of A2M contained IL1B (interleukin), LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) and PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor). Furthermore, the MAPK signaling pathway and focal adhesion were significantly enriched. Conclusions: A2M and its interactive proteins, such as IL1B, LRP1 and PDGF may be candidate target molecules to monitor, diagnose and treat metastatic OS. The response to hormone stimulus, MAPK signaling pathway and focal adhesion may play important roles in metastatic OS.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.215-221
• /
• 2013

Purpose: Opuntia Humifusa has been used in the food and beauty industry after removing spines and glochids clearly. This study compared the methods used in removing spines and analyzed the design factors for developing a spine removal device. Method: This study compared the spine removal ratios in accordance with the length of brush, water spray pressure, the number of water spray, and the size of Opuntia Humifusa in a rotating brush device and a water spray device. In addition, this study compared the reversal ratios according to the inclination angle of a conveyor, the drop height of Opuntia Humifusa, and the speed of the conveyor to analyze the reversal factors. Results: The spines were not removed clearly in the rotating brush method, and the glochids were nailed deeply. The spine removal ratio was 96.9% with the water spray pressure of 20 $kgf/cm^2$ and the conveyor speed of 10 cm/s in the water spray method. The number of water spray was correlated with the spine removal ratio, and the average spine removal ratio was 95.6% with three cycles of water spray. The reversal ratio was 97% with the inclination angle of the conveyor $20^{\circ}$, the drop height of 380 mm, and the conveyor speed of 10 cm/s. Conclusions: In order to develop a Opuntia humifusa spine removing device, this study compared the rotating brush and water spray methods. As a result, each spine removal performance of the rotating brush and water spray methods was 96.9% and 95.6%, respectively. Although the performance of the rotating brush method was slightly higher than that of the water spray method, the water spray method was suitable for removing spines from stem because the epidermis of stem was damaged and the glochids were nail deeply in the rotating brush method. Further studies on appropriate arrangement of spray nozzles, maintaining the optimal water spray pressure, the speed and angle control of the feeding conveyor, and devices for inducing the stem to the center will be needed in combining the water spray device and the reversal device.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.230-236
• /
• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the alteration of lumbar spine and trunk postures on different load-carrying types and amounts under static loading. Two load-carrying types(unilateral carrying: UC vs. bilateral carrying: BC) and four different loads(0, 5, 10, and 15 kg) were randomly tested in this study. Carrying a heavy bag would affect human body posture, specifically lumbar spine curvature, which is considered as one of sources of back problems. Previous studies have not paid attention to the approach of the multisegment model of the lumbar spine and trunk. This study separated two compartments of trunk segment(the lumbar and thorax) in the analysis. The multisegment model of the lumbar spine in addition to Helen-Hayes marker set was used. Eight motion analysis cameras and a force plate were utilized. Ten male subjects(mean mass, $70.6{\pm}3.97$ kg; mean height, $178{\pm}4.18$ m) having no musculoskeletal disease participated in this study. We analyzed trunk angles in three anatomical planes and the spinal curvature in sagittal and frontal planes. Increased loading in both UC and BC significantly resulted in increases in trunk forward lean but only UC induced increases in trunk lateral lean. In addition, increased loading in BC produced flatten lumbar curvature in sagittal plane. As far as coupling motion, subjects tended to use axial rotation of the lumbar spine in transverse plane in response to increased UC loading. Finally, it is concluded that the increased static loading in UC rather than in BC tends to causes combined alterations of the spinal postures(sagittal and transverse planes together), which would be vulnerable to improper mechanical stresses on the spine.