• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2012

In our previous studies, dietary supplements of silk protein, sericin, and fibroin, were beneficial for improving epidermal levels of ceramides, which are the major lipids for maintaining the epidermal barrier. In this study, we investigated the dietary effects of silk protein on epidermal levels of free sphingoid bases and their phosphates such as $C_{18}$ sphingosine (So), $C_{18}$ sphinganine (Sa), $C_{18}$ sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and $C_{18}$ sphinganine-1-phosphate (Sa1P), which are either synthetic substrate or degradative metabolites of ceramides. Forty-five male NC/Nga mice, an animal model of atopic dermatitis (AD), were divided into three groups: group CA was an atopic control and fed a control diet, group S was fed a 1% sericin diet, and group F was fed a 1% fibroin diet. Fifteen male BALB/c mice served as group C (control group) and were fed the control diet. All mice were fed with diets and water $ad$ $libitum$ for 10 weeks. Sa in group CA was lower than that in group C, but So in group CA was similar to that in group C. So and Sa were higher in groups S and F than those in group CA; So level was even higher than that in group C, and Sa level was similar to that of group C. The So/Sa ratio in group CA, which is reported to increase in AD, was significantly higher than that of group C. The So/Sa ratio was lower in groups S and F than that in group CA, and decreased further in group F. However, S1P and Sa1P in groups S and F were similar to those in group CA. Taken together, we demonstrated that silk protein, sericin and fibroin dietary supplements, increased So and Sa levels, and decreased the So/Sa ratio.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.405-416
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• 1995

말의 뇌화연증(equine leukoencephalomalacia)과 돼지의 폐수종(porcine pulmonary edema)은 Fusarium에 오염된 옥수수로 인하여 발생되는 것으로 추정되어 왔다. 1988년에 F moniliforme에서 2차 대사산물인 fumonisin $B_1(FB_1)$이 동정되면서 오염된 옥수수와 순수 분리된 $FB_1$으로 두질병이 실험적으로 재현되었고, 말과 돼지 이외의 다른 가축에 대해서도 독성 연구가 진행되고 있다. fumonisins(FBs)는 모든 종에서 간에 독성을 나타내나 종에 따라 주요 독성 장기가 각기 다름이 밝혀지고 있다. FB의 독성 기전에 대해서는 잘 알려지지 않았으나 FB가 sphingolipid 생성과정을 차단함으로써 장기 및 혈중에 sphinganine(SA) : sphingosine(SO)를 증가시키는 것으로 알려졌다. 이는 증가된 SA : SO가 FB 독성의 진단기준이 될 수 있음을 시사하는 것이다. 최근 진행 중인 연구에 의하면, 저용량의 $FB_1$ 급식 투여가 돼지에서 혈중 입자(blood-born particle)에 대한 폐혈관 대식 세포(pulmonary intravascular macrophage)의 탐식 능력을 저하시켜, 세균 감염에 대한 감수성이 증가될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. Fusarium 속균은 전세계적으로 생산되는 옥수수에서 발생되고 있으며, 우리나라는 사료에 사용되는 옥수수의 절대량을 수입에 의존하고 있는 점을 고려할 때, 허용기준 및 무해용량 등에 대한 관리가 절실하다. 이 논문에서는 최근 연구된 FB에 의한 가축 독성에 대하여 기술하고자 한다.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2004년도 Annual Meeting BioExibition International Symposium
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• pp.288-291
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• 2004

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.362-368
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• 2010

Oral administration of royal jelly (RJ) promotes wound healing in diabetic mice. Concerns have arisen regarding the efficacy of RJ on the wound healing process of normal skin cells. In this study, a wound was created by scratching normal human dermal fibroblasts, one of the major cells involved in the wound healing process. The area was promptly treated with RJ at varying concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, or 5 mg/ml for up to 48 hrs and migration was analyzed by evaluating closure of the wound margins. Furthermore, altered levels of lipids, which were recently reported to participate in the wound healing process, were analyzed by HPTLC and HPLC. Migration of fibroblasts peaked at 24 hrs after wounding. RJ treatment significantly accelerated the migration of fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner at 8 hrs. Although RJ also accelerated the migration of fibroblasts at both 20 hrs and 24 hrs after wounding, the efficacy was less potent than at 8 hrs. Among various lipid classes within fibroblasts, the level of cholesterol was significantly decreased at 8 hrs following administration of both 0.1 ug/ml and 5 mg/ml RJ. Despite a dose-dependent increase in sphinganines, the levels of sphingosines, ceramides, and glucosylceramides were not altered with any concentration of RJ. We demonstrated that RJ enhances the migration of fibroblasts and alters the levels of various lipids involved in the wound healing process.

• 분석과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.901-906
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• 1995

Studies on the chemical constituents from a Korean wild mushroom, Phellinus ribis, were carried out. A triterpenoid, two peroxysterols, and a chlorobenzene compound were isolated from the hexane soluble fraction of the methanol extract of dried fruiting bodies of the basidomycetes. Those compounds identifed were 3-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid (betulinic acid), 5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol(ergosterol peroxide), 5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol (dehydroperoxyergosterol), and 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6-dimethoxybenzene. Structural studies were carried out on molecular species of a ceramide and cerebroside isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of the methanol extract. For ceramide, the major component fatty acids were a-hydroxy fatty acid isomers of $C_{22:00}{\sim}C_{25:00};$ the predominant long-chain bases were trihydroxy sphinganine of $C_{17}{\sim}C_{18}$. The structure of a cerebroside containing mono-sugar was assumed that the long-chain base was $C_{19:2}$ sphingadienine; the major fatty acids were $C_{16}{\sim}C_{15}$ ${\alpha}$-hydroxy fatty acid isomers.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.373-383
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• 2021

Atherosclerosis is the deposition of plaque in the main arteries. It is an inflammatory condition involving the accumulation of macrophages and various lipids (low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, ceramide, S1P). Moreover, endothelial cells, macrophages, leukocytes, and smooth muscle cells are the major players in the atherogenic process. Sphingolipids are now emerging as important regulators in various pathophysiological processes, including the atherogenic process. Various sphingolipids exist, such as the ceramides, ceramide-1-phosphate, sphingosine, sphinganine, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), sphingomyelin, and hundreds of glycosphingolipids. Among these, ceramides, glycosphingolipids, and S1P play important roles in the atherogenic processes. The atherosclerotic plaque consists of higher amounts of ceramide, glycosphingolipids, and sphingomyelin. The inhibition of the de novo ceramide biosynthesis reduces the development of atherosclerosis. S1P regulates atherogenesis via binding to the S1P receptor (S1PR). Among the five S1PRs (S1PR1-5), S1PR1 and S1PR3 mainly exert anti-atherosclerotic properties. This review mainly focuses on the effects of ceramide and S1P via the S1PR in the development of atherosclerosis. Moreover, it discusses the recent findings and potential therapeutic implications in atherosclerosis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2001

N-acetylsphingosine (C2-ceramide) is a synthetic water-soluble ceramide mimicking the activity of natural ceramides. By fixing chiral conformation on carbon numbers 2 and 3 in the ceramide structure, four chiral C2-ceramides naming d-erythro-, I-erythro-, d-threo-and 1-three C2-ceramide were synthesized. We have investigated the chiral effects of these C2-ceramides on the sphingolipid metabolism, particularly on both the sphingolipid bio- synthetic pathway and on the degradation pathway. In both HL-60 and U937 cells, the chiral C2-ceramide ($10{\mu}\textrm{m}$) showed sphingosine accumulation monitored fluoromatrically by a high performance liquid chromatographic separation of the sphingoid bases. Most importantly, in HL-60 cells, l-erythro C2-ceramide induced a 50 fold increase in sphingosine as compared to the control, while l-threo C2-ceramide exhibited a minimal 7-fold in-crease. In contrast, sphinganine, another sphingoid base, showed less accumulation by any chiral C2-ceramide tested under the same conditions. These results suggested that chiral C2-ceramide primarilyacts on the sphingolipid degradation pathway rather than on the sphingolipid biosynthetic route. The strong $C_0/G_1$ phase arrest in the cell cycle by treatment of I-erythro C2-ceramide indicates that the blockade of the sphingolipid degradation pathway might be concomitantly involved in the dysfunction of the cell cycle. On the other hand, the fact that all chiral C2-ceramides tested failed to inhibit the activity of sphingosine kinase acting on the removal of sphingosine by producing sphingosine-1 -phosphate demonstrates that chiral C2- ceramides may increase sphingosine by activating various ceramidases by which natural ceramides are divided into sphingosine and free fatty acids. However, the precise steps involved in this interaction are still unknown.

• 분석과학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.547-554
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• 1994

국내 자생 담자균, Phellinus ribis부터 ceramide 성분들이 존재함을 확인하고 실리카 컬럼크로마토그래피를 이용하여 분리하고 prep.-TLC로 재차 정제한 다음, 그 구조 및 조성을 검토하였다. FAB-MS 및 GC-MS를 이용하여 그 구성성분을 분석한 결과 지방산 주성분은 hydroxy fatty acid($C_{22:0}$, $C_{25:0}$, $C_{24:0}$, $C_{23:0}$)이고 sphingoid 염기는 (tri-hydroxy-sphinganine 및 동족계열의 아민으로 확인되었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.396-403
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• 2011

Ceramides (Cer) comprise the major constituent of sphingolipids in the epidermis and are known to play diverse roles in the outermost layers of the skin including water retention and provision of a physical barrier. In addition, they can be hydrolyzed into free sphingoid bases such as $C_{18}$ sphingosine (SO) and $C_{18}$ sphinganine (SA) or can be further metabolized to $C_{18}$ So-1-phosphate (S1P) and $C_{18}$ Sa-1-phosphate (Sa1P) in keratinocytes. The significance of ceramide metabolites emerged from studies reporting altered levels of SO and SA in skin disorders and the role of S1P and Sa1P as signaling lipids. However, the overall metabolism of sphingoid bases and their phosphates during keratinocyte differentiation remains not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed these Cer metabolites in the process of keratinocyte differentiation. Three distinct keratinocyte differentiation stages were prepared using 0.07 mM calcium (Ca$^{2+}$) (proliferation stage), 1.2 mM Ca$^{2+}$ (early differentiation stage) in serum-free medium, or serum-containing medium with vitamin C (50 ${\mu}L$/mL) (late differentiation stage). Serum-containing medium was also used to determine whether vitamin C increases the concentrations of sphingoid bases and their phosphates. The production of sphingoid bases and their phosphates after hydrolysis by alkaline phosphatase was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to cells treated with 0.07 mM Ca$^{2+}$, levels of SO, SA, S1P, and SA1P were not altered after treatment with 1.2 mM Ca$^{2+}$. However, in keratinocytes cultured in serum-containing medium with vitamin C, levels of SO, SA, S1P, and SA1P were dramatically higher than those in 0.07- and l.2-mM Ca$^{2+}$-treated cells; however, compared to serum-containing medium alone, vitamin C did not significantly enhance their production. Taken together, we demonstrate that late differentiation induced by vitamin C and serum was accompanied by dramatic increases in the concentration of sphingoid bases and their phosphates, although vitamin C alone had no effect on their production.