• 제목/요약/키워드: spent laying hens

검색결과 20건 처리시간 0.02초

Influence of spent ginger yeast cultures on the production performance, egg quality, serum composition, and intestinal microbiota of laying hens

  • Liu, Junhan;Jin, Yuhong;Yang, Junhua
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제35권8호
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    • pp.1205-1214
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    • 2022
  • Objective: Spent ginger is a byproduct of juice extraction from the rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale). Despite its nutritional value, it is difficult to preserve or further process and thus is often wasted. This study uses spent ginger as a substrate for fermentation and cultivates spent ginger yeast cultures (SGYCs) that are then added to the feed of laying hens. The effects of SGYCs on production performance, egg quality, serum composition, and intestinal microbiota of laying hens were investigated. Methods: Eighty 60-week-old Hy-Line Brown hens were separated into 5 experimental groups with 4 replicates per group (4 hens per cage, 4 cages per replicate). The control group was fed a basal diet while experimental groups were also given SGYCs at the levels of 5, 10, 20, and 40 g/kg for 6 weeks. Results: The addition of SGYCs significantly increased the laying rate and nutrient digestibility, decreased feed conversion ratio, and enhanced the color of egg yolks (p<0.05). No changes were observed in activity levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the serum (p>0.05), but the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and peroxidase all significantly increased, and contents of malondialdehyde were significantly reduced (p<0.05). In addition, changes in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes might be the main factor contributing to the significant increase in the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fat in laying hens (p<0.05). Conclusion: The current evidence shows that dietary supplementation of SGYCs to the feed of laying hens can improve laying rates, enhance antioxidative defenses, and influence dominant intestinal bacteria.

지렁이 분말의 급여가 강제환우시킨 산란노계의 생산성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Feeding Earth Worm Meal on the Performance of Spent Laying Hens after Induced Molting)

  • 손장호
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.171-181
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    • 2004
  • A study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing earthworm meal (EWM) on the performance of spent laying hens after induced molting, and fatty acid composition in egg yolks. A total of 90 laying hens at 73 weeks of age were fed the experimental diets containing 0.0% (Control) and 0.2% of EWM for 4 weeks. Eggs were collected and weighted every day and Egg production and feed conversion were recorded every week during the experimental period. However fatty acid composition of egg yolk were measured at last week of experimental period. An amount of feed intake increased by supplemental with EMW except for Erst week experimental period (P<0.05). When 76 and 77 week of age, egg production and daily egg mass were improved by the supplemented with EWM (P<0.01), but average egg weight was not different when fed a EWM, therefore feed/egg mass was significantly decreased when fed a EWM. The ratio of egg yolk n-6/n-3 fatty acids contents was significantly improved fed a EMW (P<0.05). It is concluded that supplementing 0.2% of earthworm meal in the spent laying hens after induced molting was fast in recover of physical strength, therefore improves laying performance.

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산란계에 있어서 육성기의 소리자극이 육성성적, 섭취행동 및 산란율에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Sound Stimulation on Growth Performance, Feeding Behaviour and Egg Production in Egg-type Chickens)

  • 이용준;송영한
    • 한국축산시설환경학회지
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.91-96
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    • 2000
  • This study was carried out to determine the effect of sound stimulation on growth performance, feeding behaviour and egg production of laying hens. A total of 180 laying hens(4 weeks old) were alloted to 18 cages with 10hens per cage and 6 cages per treatment. Laying hens were exposed to three sounds: control, Leq 50dB and Leq 75dB. The growth performance was measured fro m4 weeks to 17 weeks of age, feeding behaviour was observed at 5weeks, 7weeks, 10weeks and 50 weeks of age using data from real-time videotapes, while eg production was recorded from 20 weeks to 50 weeks of age. Growth performance was improved in the sound stimulated laying hens from 12 weeks to 17 weeks of age. In the 50dB simulated laying hens spent more longer time for feeding than others during the experimental period. Egg production of 50dB stimulated laying hens from 20 weeks to 50 weeks was higher than others, however 75dB stimulated laying hens were significantly lower than 50dB stimulated hens(P<0.05). The results indicated that the growth and egg production of egg type chicken can be influenced by sound stimulation through physiological rhythm.

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산란노계를 이용한 훈제닭 개발에 있어서의 $\alpha$-토코페롤과 오징어간유의 급여 효과 (The Effect of Feeding $\alpha$-Tocopherol and Squid Liver Oil on the Development of Smoked Chicken using Old Laying Hens)

  • 손장호
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.17-24
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    • 2004
  • 본 연구는 산란노계를 이용해 훈제닭을 만들기 위해서 실행되었다. 70∼72주령된 산란노계를 이용하여 시판용 일반사료 (대조구)에 100 IU의 $\alpha$-토코페롤과 10%오징어 간유를 썩은 사료 (처리구)를 15일간 급여시킨 후 도계하였다. 그리고 소우스액 침지, 삶기 및 시판용 훈연 소우스를 살포하는 훈연 과정을 거쳐서 새로운 제품을 만들었다. 훈제닭 (처리구) 중의 수분 및 조회분 함량은 대조구에 비해서 각각 증가하는 경향 및 유의하게 증가하였다 (P<0.05). 훈제닭의 근육중의 EPA 및 DHA 함량은 100 IU $\alpha$-토코페롤과 10% 오징어 간유를 섭취 할 때 유의하게 높았다 (P<0.01). 훈연닭 중의 아미노산의 함량은 100 IU $\alpha$-토코페롤과 10% 오징어 간유를 섭취하는 것에 의한 영향은 인정되지 않았다. 훈제닭에 대해서 500명 이상의 설문조사도 받았다. 이상의 결과를 고려할 때 산란노계를 이용한 훈제닭을 만드는 것이 가능해진 것으로 사료된다.

기능성 물질의 첨가가 폐계육이 함유된 게맛살의 저장중 품질에 미치는 영향 (Impacts of Bioactive Components Addition on Qualities of Imitation Crab Meat Containing Spent Laying Hen Meats During Storage)

  • 진상근;허선진;신택순
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제20권6호
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    • pp.861-869
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    • 2010
  • 폐계육 가슴살에서 회수한 단백질을 첨가하여 제조한 게맛살의 저장기간 중 품질의 변화를 측정하였다. 제조 초기 시험구간의 일반성분의 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 저장이후에도 회분을 제외한 일반성분의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. pH는 제조초기 유의적이 차이가 없었으나, 저장 4주경과 후에 누에고치분말(T2) 및 CLA(T3) 처리구가 다른 시험구에 비해 높게 나타났다. 초기 보수력은 T3가 시험구중 가장 낮았고, 가열감량은 T2 및 T3이 가장 낮았고, 전단가는 T2 및 T3가 낮게 나타났다. $L^*$ 및 W는 대조구와 T3이 시험구 중 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 적색도($a^*$)와 황색도($b^*$)는 T2 및 T3이 낮게 나타났으며, T3는 저장기간 동안 육색의 안정을 보였다. 파괴강도, 겔강도 및 젤리 강도는 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 낮게 나타났으며, T3가 시험구중 가장 낮은 파괴강도, 겔강도 및 젤리강도를 나타내었다. 조직감 중 T2가 모든 항목에서 다른 처리구에 비해 높은 수치를, T1은 낮은 수치를 나타내었다. 특히, T3은 저장기간 동안 경도, 파쇄성, 검성, 저작성 및 부착성이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 지방산패도(TBA)와 휘발성염기질소(VBN)는 처리구간의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 모든 처리구에서 저장기간의 경과에 의해 TBA값은 감소하였고, VBN값과 총세균수는 저장기간의 증가에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. 관능검사 결과 전체적인 기호도를 포함한 육색, 향, 풍미, 연도 및 다즙성 모든 항목에서 처리구간의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 본 실험 결과 기능성 물질의 첨가가 기계적인 품질 측정항목에서의 차이에도 불구하고 관능적 품질에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 기계적인 품질 측정항목에서는 전체적으로 T3이 다른 처리구에 비교해 품질의 차이가 많이 나는 것으로 나타났다.

General Behaviors and Perching Behaviors of Laying Hens in Cages with Different Colored Perches

  • Chen, D.H.;Bao, J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제25권5호
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    • pp.717-724
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    • 2012
  • Color is one of the perch properties. This study was conducted to investigate the general behaviors and perching behaviors in laying hens under different group size (stocking density), and to understand the perch color (black, white or brown) preference of hens during the night. A total of 390 Hyline Brown laying hens was used, and randomly allocated to three treatments: individual group (G1), group of four hens (G4), and group of eight hens (G8), respectively. There were 30 replicates in each group. The hens in G1, G4 and G8 groups were put into the test cages in which three colored perches were simultaneously provided and allowed for four days of habituation in the new cages. Hens behaviors were recorded using cameras with infrared light sources for the following periods: 8:00 to 10:00; 14:00 to 16:00; 19:00 to 21:00; 23:30 to 0:30 on the fifth day after transferring the birds into the test cages. The behaviors of hens in every time period were collected and analyzed, and hens positions on the test perches during mid-night were recorded. The results showed that, group size (stocking density) had significant effect on most of the general behaviors of laying hens except exploring behavior. There were great differences in most of the general behaviors during different time periods. In the preference test of perch color during night, the hens showed no clear preference for white, black or brown perches. For perching behaviors, perching time and frequency of transferring from one perch to another was higher on black perches than on white or brown perches in individual groups. In G4 groups, the hens spent more time on white perches during daytime and more frequent transferring during night compared with black or brown perches. The frequency of jumping upon and down from white perches was higher in G8 groups. It can be concluded that although the group sizes in the cage significantly affected most of the general behaviors, we found that no preference of perch color was shown by the caged laying hens in the different group sizes tested in this study.

Carotenoid Accumulation and Their Antioxidant Activity in Spent Laying Hens as Affected by Polarity and Feeding Period

  • Lee, C.-Y.;Lee, B.-D.;Na, J.-C.;An, G.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.799-805
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    • 2010
  • Since the consumption of spent laying hens as roasted skewered meat increases, the effects of various carotenoids on pigmentation and antioxidant activity were tested with 62-wk-old 250 ISA brown laying hens to improve the quality of chicken meat. In a 6-wk feeding trial, 4 carotenoids with different polarity (${\beta}$-8-apo-carotenoic acid ethyl ester (ACAEE)>astaxanthin>canthaxanthin>${\beta}$-carotene) at 100 mg carotenoid/kg feed were used. The more polar the carotenoids, the higher were the levels in blood. After 5-wk adaptation, the concentrations of astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and ACAEE in blood were -4 ${\mu}g/ml$. Canthaxanthin decreased significantly (p<0.05) the level of total blood cholesterol. Decreases in blood triglyceride by all carotenoids used were significant. ACAEE and astaxanthin tended to increase skin yellowness of thigh, breast, and wing proportionally to feeding period. In the case of polar carotenoids (ACAEE and astaxanthin), the longer the period of feeding, the higher the accumulation in skin was observed. Only astaxanthin was effective against the production of lipid peroxides in skin. Conclusively, out of the commercially available carotenoids we tested, astaxanthin is recommended for pigmentation of skin and inhibition of lipid oxidation.

Effects of Supplementary Blood Meal on Carnosine Content in the Breast Meat and Laying Performance of Old Hens

  • Namgung, N.;Shin, D.H.;Park, S.W.;Paik, I.K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제23권7호
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    • pp.946-951
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    • 2010
  • The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of blood meal (BM) as a source of histidine, and magnesium oxide (MgO) as a catalyst of carnosine synthetase, on carnosine (L-Car) content in the chicken breast muscle (CBM), laying performance, and egg quality of spent old hens. Four hundred eighty laying hens (Hy-Line$^{(R)}$ Brown), 95wk old, were allotted randomly into five replicates of six dietary treatments: T1; 100% basal diet, T2; 100% basal diet+MgO, T3; 97.5% basal diet+2.5% BM, T4; 97.5% basal diet+2.5% BM+MgO, T5; 95% basal diet+5% BM, T6; 95% basal diet+5% BM+MgO. Magnesium oxide was added at 0.3% of diets. The layers were fed experimental diets for 5wk. There were no significant differences in the weekly L-Car content in CBM among all treatments during the total experimental period, but some of the contrast comparisions showed higher L-Car in CBM of T6. The L-Car contents linearly decreased (p<0.01 or p<0.05) as the layers got older except in T4 (p>0.05). There were significant differences in egg weight (p<0.01) and soft and broken egg ratio (p<0.05). The control (T1) was highest in egg weight and T6 was lowest in soft and broken egg ratio. Among the parameters of egg quality, there were significant differences in eggshell strength (p<0.01) and egg yolk color (p<0.05). Magnesium oxide supplementation increased the eggshell strength and BM tended to decrease egg yolk color. Eggshell color, eggshell thickness, and Haugh unit were not influenced by BM and MgO. In conclusion, BM and MgO did not significantly influence the L-Car in CBM of spent layers. The L-Car content rapidly decreased as the layers became senescent. Eggshell strength was increased by MgO supplementation.

생리활성 물질인 공액리놀랜산(CLA), 누에고치분말, 동충하초분말의 혼합 첨가가 폐계육 회수단백질이 함유된 게맛살의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of a Mixture with Silkworm Cocoon Powder, Cordyceps Powder, and Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on the Physicochemical Properties of Imitation Crab Containing Recovered Protein from Spent Laying Hens)

  • 임동균;진상근;허선진;신택순
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.229-239
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    • 2018
  • 안전하고 건강지향적인 식품에 관한 소비자들의 관심이 증가함에 따라, 학계와 산업계에서는 생리활성 기능을 가진 소재를 이용한 식품을 개발하려는 시도가 많이 이루어지고 있는 추세이다. 특히 합성물질보다는 생리활성작용을 하는 천연물질의 이용이 증가되고 있는데 이러한 이유는 합성화학물질과 달리 천연물질은 그 이용에 대한 제한이 없고 소비자들의 신뢰도가 높기 때문이다. 폐계육의 가슴살과 명태살을 이용한 게맛살을 제조할 때 동충하초분말, 누에고치분말 및 CLA의 혼합 첨가가 게맛살의 이화학적 품질특성에 미치는 효과를 구명하기 위하여 폐계육 회수단백질과 명태살에 누에고치분말(10 g)을 첨가한 T1, 누에고치분말(5 g)과 동충하초분말(5 g)을 첨가한 T2, 동충하초분말(5 g)과 공액리놀랜산(5 g)(CLA)를 첨가한 T3를 제조하여 실험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. pH와 전단가는 저장초기에 비교해 저장 2주 이후에 모든 처리구에서 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 전단가는 6주에서 동충하초분말과 CLA를 혼합 첨가한 구(T3)에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 육색의 경우 적색도($a^{\ast}$)와 백색도(W)는 저장기간 동안 모든 구간에서 높게 나타난 반면에 황색도($b^{\ast}$)는 저장기간 동안 감소하였다. T2의 적색도($a^{\ast}$), 황색도($b^{\ast}$)가 다른 처리구보다 상당히 높게 나타내었다. 생리활성물질의 첨가는 게맛살의 겔 특성과 조직감에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 지방산패도(TBARS)와 총균수(TPC)는 T1이 다른 처리구보다 상당히 높게 나온 반면에 단백질변패도(VBN)의 경우 다른 처리구보다 T2가 높게 나왔다. T1과 T3는 저장기간 동안 총 아미노산함량이 감소하였다. 결과적으로 동충하초분말 0.5%와 CLA 0.5% 혼합 첨가한 T3 처리구가 종합적인 품질면에서 폐계육 함유 게맛살의 기능성을 가장 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

느티만가닥버섯 수확후배지 발효사료 급여가 산란계에 미치는 영향 (Effect of dietary fermented spent mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus) substrates on laying hens)

  • 김수철;문여황;김혜수;김홍출;김종옥;정종천;조수정
    • 한국버섯학회지
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.350-356
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    • 2014
  • 느티만가닥버섯 수확후배지 발효사료 급여가 산란계에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 도준농산에서 수거한 느티만가닥버섯 수확후배지를 Bacillus subtilis EJ3 배양액과 혼합하여 2주 동안 발효시킨 것을 공시사료로 사용하였다. 실험동물인 12주령된 Hy-line brown 갈색계 24수는 시판사료 급여구인 대조구(T0)와 5(T1), 10(T2), 15%(T3)의 버섯수확후배지 발효산물이 첨가된 시판사료 급여구인 시험구로 나누어 12주 동안 공시사료를 급여하였다. 12주동안 평균 산란율은 대조구에 비해 5% 버섯수확후배지 발효산물 첨가구에서 증가하였다가 버섯수확후배지 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 사료섭취량은 대조구와 5% 버섯수확후배지 발효산물 첨가구에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만 버섯수확후배지 발효산물 첨가량이 증가할수록 약간 증가하였다. 사료요구율은 대조구와 5% 버섯수확후 배지 첨가구에서 비슷하게 나타났으며 10% 버섯수확후배지 첨가구부터는 버섯수확후배지 첨가량이 증가할수록 높게 나타났다. 산란량과 산란율은 대조구보다는 5% 버섯수확후배지 첨가구에서 높게 나타났다. 총 12주의 사양시험기간 동안 난중, 난각강도, 난각두께, 난황색 모두 5% 버섯수확후배지 발효산물을 첨가한 처리구에서는 대조구와 큰 차이가 없었지만 버섯수확후배지 발효산물의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 계란의 내부 품질을 평가하는 기준인 난황색은 5% 버섯수확후배지 발효산물 첨가구에서는 대조구와 차이가 없었으나 10% 이상의 버섯수확후배지 발효산물을 첨가한 처리구에서는 난황색이 대조구에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 계란의 내부 오염 지표인 육반과 혈반에서는 처리구간의 차이는 없었으며 외부 품질 기준인 난각색도 처리구간에 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 계란의 포장과 수송과정에서 계란의 상품성에 영향을 미치는 요인인 난각중과 난각 두께는 5% 버섯수확후배지 발효산물 첨가구에서 대조구보다 높게 나타났다. 버섯수확후배지 발효산물의 급여구에서 산란계의 가스발생량은 버섯수확후배지 첨가량이 증가할수록 암모니아 가스 발생량이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.