• 대한교통학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.187-196
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• 1999

본 연구의 목적은 국내에 설치가 확대되고 있는 자동과속단속시스템의 교통안전 개선 메커니즘을 밝히자는 것이다. 이를 위해서 첫째, 시스템 운영이 교통류 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 둘째, 교통류 특성 변수와 안전도와의 모형을 설정하였다. 1997년부터 운영된 32대 시스템의 1년간 운영효과를 분석한 결과 교통사고 28%, 사망자수 60%가 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 시스템 설치지점의 교통류 특성변화를 분석한 결과 평균속도, 속도분산, 짧은 차두시간 비율 등의 변수가 현저하게 감소하였다. 교통사고빈도와 교통류 특성 변수간의 회귀모형을 설정한 결과 평균속도, 속도분산, 과속교통량이 유의한 설명변수로 나타났다. 따라서 자동과속단속시스템의 교통안전도의 개선 메커니즘은 (1)단속시스템 도입 $\longrightarrow$(2)교통류 특성 개선 $\longrightarrow$ (3)안전도개선이란 과정에 의하여 달성된다는 가설을 입증하였다. 본 연구는 ITS의 도입이 교통안전에 미치는 효과를 계량적으로 평가할 수 있는 토대가 될 것이며 동적 교통안전(operational traffic safety)이란 측면에서 교통안전 연구에 대한 새로운 시각을 제공하는데 의의가 있다고 하겠다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제26권
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• pp.225-253
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• 2005

Nowadays we does not hesitate to definite answer that the arbitration is the most developed dispute settlement out of court in the international commercial transaction. Online arbitration is desirable for the reasons of speed and cost effectiveness to settle the dispute about the international commercial transaction. Online arbitration is fast because it uses the communication technologies that allow information to be sent fast and efficiently. But in online arbitration too much speed and efficiency may lead to a violation of due process rights and consequently the online arbitration awards run a risk to be set aside or refused its enforcement under the international commercial arbitration mechanism. Speed and efficiency may conflict with the procedural guarantee characterizing each adversary dispute resolution process. As arbitration is exclusive of recourse to courts, a state must guarantee that arbitral proceeding should be satisfied with the claim rights requirement. The main question regarding the sources of regulation is particularly for the due process whether or not this is provided by the availability of grounds to set arbitral award aside. In other words, does it respect due process in the arbitration proceeding including information communication and technology under the online arbitration. In this paper it is discussed about how the main issue in arbitration should be implemented in online arbitration proceedings to cope with the due process requirements in national and international.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2022

모든 선박은 충돌을 피하기 위해 안전속력을 준수하여야 하고, 우리나라 영해 및 내수에서 속력의 제한규칙을 준수하여야 한다. 그리고 선박교통관제사는 선박이 안전속력과 속력의 제한규칙을 준수하도록 적절히 관제하여야 한다. 국제해상충돌예방규칙에서 안전속력은 선박이 명시적으로 몇 노트의 속력으로 항행하여야 하는지 규정하고 있지 않다. 반면에 국내법에서는 교통안전특정해역 등에서 제한속력을 지정하여 이를 준수하도록 하고 있다. 이 속력의 제한규칙은 주로 대지속력을 기준으로 하고 있으나, 대수속력을 기준으로 하는 곳도 있다. 이 논문은 최근 5년간 발생한 해양사고와 제한속력 위반율에 대해 분석하였고, 국제해상충돌예방규칙상 안전속력, 국내외법상 속력의 제한규칙 및 해양안전심판원 재결 중 안전속력을 준수하지 아니한 사례에 대해 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 이 논문에서는 국내법상 속력의 제한규칙이 선박에서 해양사고 예방을 위해 반드시 준수되어야 한다는 것과 선박이 이 규칙을 준수하기 쉽고, 선박교통관제사가 선박을 적절히 관제할 수 있도록 대수속력으로 규정된 속력의 제한규칙을 대지속력으로 개정할 필요가 있다는 것을 제시하였다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2023

The seating postures of passengers in the automated driving vehicle are possible in atypical forms such as rear-facing and lying down. It is necessary to improve devices such as airbags and seat belts to protect occupants from injury in accidents of the automated driving vehicle, and collision safety evaluation tests must be newly developed. The purpose of this study is to define representative types of head-on collision accidents to develop collision standards for autonomous vehicles that take into account changes in driving behavior and occupants' postures. 150 frontal collision cases remained by filtering (accident videos, images, AIS 2+, passenger car, etc…) and random sampling from approximately 320,000 accidents claimed by a major insurance company over the past 5 years. The most frequent accident type is a head-on collision between a vehicle going straight and a vehicle turning left from the opposite side, accounting for 54.7% of all accidents, and most of these accidents occur in permissive left turns. The next most common frontal collision is the center-lane violation by drowsy driving and careless driving, accounting for 21.3% of the total. For the two types above, data such as vehicle speed, contact point/area, and PDOF at the moment of impact are obtained through accident reconstruction using PC-Crash. As a result, two types of autonomous vehicle crash safety test scenarios are proposed: (1) a frontal oblique collision test based on the accident types between a straight vehicle and a left-turning vehicle, and (2) a small overlap collision test based on the head-on accidents of center-lane violation.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2010

현 도로설계기준은 설계속도에 기반하여 선형설계에 관한 지침을 제시하고 있으며, 이는 설계속도가 도로 공용 후에 운전자의 주행 속도와 거의 동일할 것임을 전제하고 있다. 도로 평면 곡선부의 설계도 주어진 설계속도에 따라 운전자가 쾌적성을 유지한 채 통과할 수 있는 최소곡선반경을 기준으로 제시하고 있다. 그러나 쾌적성에 기초한 횡방향 미끄럼마찰계수는 실제 습윤노면에서 관측되는 물리적인 횡방향 미끄럼마찰계수보다 낮기 때문에 기준에 제시된 곡선반경은 최소의 의미보다는 권장 값으로 보는 것이 합리적이다. 아울러, 최소곡선반경보다 여유로운 설계 값을 선호하는 실무관행으로 도로 공용 후 운전자의 주행속도는 설계속도를 상회하여 설계속도가 주행속도를 대표하지 못하는 결과를 초래하고, 결과적으로 현 설계기준의 주요전제를 위반하게 될 것으로 본다. 이러한 연구 가정을 검토하기 위해 지방부 도로에서 노면 미끄럼 마찰계수와 운전자의 주행속도를 조사하였다. 연구결과로, 쾌적성에 기반한 미끄럼 마찰계수와 물리적인 미끄럼마찰계수와의 차이에 따른 안전여유를 정량적으로 제시했고, 안전여유 및 설계관행에 따른 여유로운 설계로 인해 설계속도와 주행속도 간에 괴리가 발생함을 제시했다. 이를 토대로, 현 설계속도 기반의 선형설계는 최소기준과 더불어 설계속도와 주행속도 사이의 괴리를 최소화할 수 있는 선형 설계 관리 방안이 마련될 필요가 있다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1701-1704
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• 2003

This paper presents a new optimization technique of acceleration curve for a wafer transfer crane movement in which high speed and low vibration are desirable. This technique is based on a genetic algorithm with a penalty function for acceleration optimization under the assumption that an initial profile of acceleration curves constitutes the first generation of the genetic algorithm. Especially the penalty function consists of the violation of constraints and the number of violated constraints. The proposed penalty function makes the convergence rate of optimization process using the genetic algorithm more faster than the case of genetic algorithm without a penalty function. The optimized acceleration of the crane through the genetic algorithm and commercial dynamic analysis software has shown to have accurate movement and low vibration.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.661-680
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• 2016

The vehicle license plate recognition (VLPR) system analyzes and monitors the speed of vehicles, theft of vehicles, the violation of traffic rules, illegal parking, etc., on the motorway. The VLPR consists of three major parts: license plate detection (LPD), license plate character segmentation (LPCS), and license plate character recognition (LPCR). This paper presents an efficient method for the LPCS and LPCR of Korean vehicle license plates (LPs). LP tilt adjustment is a very important process in LPCS. Radon transformation is used to correct the tilt adjustment of LP. The global threshold segmentation method is used for segmented LP characters from two different types of Korean LPs, which are a single row LP (SRLP) and double row LP (DRLP). The cross-correlation matching method is used for LPCR. Our experimental results show that the proposed methods for LPCS and LPCR can be easily implemented, and they achieved 99.35% and 99.85% segmentation and recognition accuracy rates, respectively for Korean LPs.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2004

This paper presents a new optimization technique of acceleration curve for dynamic structure's movement in which high speed and low vibration are desirable. This technique is based on a genetic algerian with a penalty function for acceleration optimization under the assumption that an initial profile of acceleration curves constitutes the first generation of the genetic algorithm. Especially the penalty function consists of the violation of constraints and the number of violated constraints. The optimized acceleration of the crane through the genetic algorithm and commercial dynamic analysis software has shown to have accurate movement and low vibration compared to the conventional accelerations with jerk discontinuity.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제5A권2호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2005

This paper describes a reactive optimal power flow incorporating margin enhancement constraints. Margin sensitivity at a steady-state voltage instability point is calculated using invariant space parametric sensitivity, and it can provide valuable information for selection of effective control parameters. However, the weakest buses in neighboring regions have high margin sensitivities within a certain range. Hence, the control determination using only the sensitivity information might cause violation of operational limits of the base operating point, at which the control is applied to enhance voltage stability margin in the direction of parameter increase. This paper applies an interior point method (IPM) to solve the optimal power flow formulation with the margin enhancement constraints, and shunt capacitances are mainly considered as control variables. In addition, nonlinearity of margin enhancement with respect to control of shunt capacitance is considered for speed-up control determination in the numerical example using the IEEE 118-bus test system.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2005

This paper presents a method to select contingency ranking considering voltage security problems in power systems. Direct method which needs not the detailed knowledge of the post contingency voltage at each bus is used. Based on system operator's experience and knowledge, the membership functions for the MVAR mismatch and allowable voltage violation are justified describing linguistic representation with heuristic rules. Rule base is used for the computation of severity index for each contingency by fuzzy inference. Contingency ranking harmful to the system is formed by the index for security evaluation. Compared with 1P-1Q iteration, this algorithm using direct method and fuzzy inference shows higher computation speed and almost the same accuracy. The proposed method is applied to model system and KEPCO pratical system which consists of 311 buses and 609 lines to show its effectiveness.