• 전자공학회논문지T
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• 제35T권3호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1998

장모음 음성인식을 전자회로로 수행하였다. 레벨 압축은 음성 파형을 직렬 펄스로 변화시킬 수 있었다 이 펄스들로 모음을 구별하는 정보가 된다. 펄스의 샘풀링은 한 단위로 모음의 피치 직렬신호를 얻어지는 레지스터 에 의해서 이루어진다. 샘풀링 펄스에 의한 시간제어 펄스는 음성파형의 첩두치 펄스에 의해 발진되어 진다. 이 레지스터에 있는 병렬 데이터는 만약 OO이면 OO이다는 규칙으로 이루처지는 의지결정 회로의 뜻에 따라 음성 심볼이 인식되어진다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

In Korean, 'Aspiration Merger' is the result of the heteromorphemic sequence of lenis stop and /h/ becoming a single aspirated stop word-medially. However, the contrast between lenis stop-plus-/h/ and an underlying aspirated stop is maintained when they span Phonological Phrase boundaries. By varying the position in the prosodic domain such as APP (Across Phonological Phrase) and PPM (Phonological Phrase Medial) positions, the phonetic properties of the two categories are compared. In the results from noise duration and change of intensity, lenis stop-plus-/h/ show a large difference between the APP and PPM positions. The results from a noise duration comparison show that the two categories are completely neutralized into aspirated stop in the PPM position and the complete neutralization is sensitive to prosodic phrasing.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2017

The present study examined if individual listeners' perceptual variations were associated with their cognitive characteristics indexed by the Autistic Spectrum Quotient (AQ). This study first investigated the perception of the lexical pitch accent contrast in the Kyungsang Korean currently undergoing a sound change, and then tested if listeners' perceptual variations were correlated with their AQ scores. Eighteen Kyungsang listeners in their 20s participated in the perception experiment where they identified two contrastive accent words for auditory stimuli systematically varying F0 scaling and timing properties; the participants then completed the AQ questionnaire. In the results, the acoustic parameters reporting reduced phonetic differences across accent contrasts for younger Kyungsang generation played a reliable role in perceiving the HH word from HL, suggesting the discrepancy between the perception and the production in the context of sound change. This study also observed that individuals' perceptual variations were negatively correlated with their AQ sub scores. The present findings suggested that the sound change might appear differently between production and perception with a different time course, and deviant percepts could be explained by individuals' cognitive measure.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2005년도 춘계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.67-70
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is the comparison of the Korean medial fortis duration between Korean native speaker and Japanese native speaker who study Korean language. For this purpose, I selected words with medial fortis from the SITEC DB. The Korean medial fortis of Japanese tends to have longer closure/friction duration than Korean native speakers in 3 syllables words. There are no distinct differences in 2 syllables words. This might be owing to the different timing unit of Korean and Japanese.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2000년도 7월 학술대회지
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• pp.211-219
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• 2000

In this paper, we examine fO peak lagging phenomenon in English. FO peak lagging refers to the fact that fO peak corresponding to an accent is realized beyond the domain of the host syllable. We present experimental data of fO peak lagging, which shows that fO peak is heavily delayed when the duration of the accented syllable is relatively short. In addition, we show that fO peak is also heavily delayed and realized in the following syllable in a focused word, even where the target vowel is not intrinsically short.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2014

The current research examines whether pitch contour shapes in North Kyungsang pitch accent contrasts provide a phonetic dimension for phonological discreteness in a mimicry task. Two pitch accent continua resynthesized were created for HH vs. HL and HH vs. LH. To confirm a phonetic dimension for accounting for pitch accent categories in North Kyungsang Korean, the mimicries of speakers of two dialects (i.e., North Kyungsang & South Cholla) were compared. One of the findings showed that, for North Kyungsang speakers, the range of mean f0 peak times was a phonetic dimension undergoing a continuous shift within a stimulus continuum for both HH vs. HL and HH vs. LH. On the other hand, for South Cholla speakers, there were no apparent shifts around categorical boundaries for either HH vs. HL or HH vs. LH. Regarding individual mimicries on f0 peak timing, there are many variations. For HH vs. LH, three North Kyungsang speakers showed a discrete pattern reflecting a shift in phonological categories, but for HH vs. HL, there was no such distinction showing a categorical shift, though there were statistically significant differences for two speakers. Interestingly, one of the North Kyungsang speakers showed a continuous phonetic dimension for both HH vs. HL and HH vs. LH. Lastly, the f0 valley timing did not exhibit a discrete or gradient phonetic dimension for speakers of either dialect. On the basis of these results, what is interesting is that the tonal target such as high tone in North Kyungsang pitch accent categories within the autosegmental-metrical (AM) theory may be realized within individual cognitive systems for representing the interaction of perception and production.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2001

Alveolar cleft exists in 75% of cleft patients, In alveolar cleft patients, alar base is widening, palatal fistular formation, maxillary growth disturbance & tooth loss of adjacent area is raised, Alveolar bone grafting, especially iliac bone grafting, is a general treatment method. As operation timing, bone grafting is classified with primary, early secondary, secondary, & late secondary, Here we report cleft width, marginal bone height, bone resorption rate, grafted shape & bone densities after secondary iliac bone grafting was done in the Dept. of oral and maxillofacial surgery of chonbuk national university hospital. We compared cleft width to bone resorption rate and grafted shape. Also, alveolar bone densities of grafted and contralateral site was compared with Emago 3 package? (Oral Diagonostic System, The Netherlands), The data obtained were analyzed using Spearman's rho coefficients and sign test with SPSS for window, The results were obtained as follows. 1. As alveolar cleft width is increase, bone resorption rate is, too. This relation showed significant difference(P<.01). 2, In proximal & distal area, alvolar cleft width and bone graft contour after bone grafting had a reverse proportional difference. It was not significant difference(P>.05). 3. After 3 month, in bone density results by using Emago 3 package? with periapical standard view, occlusal view & panoramic view, differences between grafted bone and alveolar bone of contralateral site didn't show a significant difference(P>.05). Thus, differences of bone densities in the alveolar bones didn't exist.

• 음성과학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.121-135
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to examine how Korean speakers realize English stress and rhythm at the sentence level, and investigate what different acoustic characteristics of English sentence stress and rhythm Korean speakers have, compared with those of American English speakers. Stressed words in the sentence were analyzed in terms of duration, fundamental frequency, and intensity of the stressed vowel in the word with neutral stress and with emphatic stress, respectively. According to the results, when the words had emphatic stress, both Koreans' and Americans' F0 and intensity of the stressed vowel were higher than those with neutral stress. Korean speakers of English realized the sentence stress with shorter vowel duration and higher F0 than American English speakers when the words had emphatic stress. The analysis of the timing of the sentence with increased unstressed syllables showed that both Americans and Koreans produced the sentence with longer duration as the number of unstressed syllables increased. However, the duration of unstressed syllables between stressed syllables by Koreans was longer than that by Americans. Americans seemed to produce unstressed syllables between stressed syllables faster than Koreans for regular intervals of stressed syllables. This analysis implies that if there are more unstressed syllables between stressed syllables, Koreans might produce unstressed syllables and the whole sentence with longer duration.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of prosody of utterance of ambiguous sentences in patients with neurogenic communication disorders. Ambiguous words on which prosody may have an impact were used to investigate this matter. The characteristics of tone duration, pitch and intensity were analyzed to examine the characteristics of prosody in patients with lesions in the left or right hemisphere and normal controls. The whole process was recorded using a Praat 4.3.14 and for statistical analyses, two-way Anova and multiple comparative analyses were carried out using SPSS10.0 for Windows. The conclusions of this study are as follows: The length of vowel in homograph in Korean was different depending on the meaning and the duration of vowel was the longest in patients with lesions in the left hemisphere. There was agreed that they had problem of timing of prosody(Danly & Shapiro, 1982). On the other hand, there found that patients with lesions in the right hemisphere had deficiency of changeability in pitch. Among various acoustic parameters, this study focused on the duration which are closely related to suprasegmental characteristics of prosody. More acoustic parameters should be taken into account in future studies.

• 음성과학
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• 제1권
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• pp.7-26
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• 1997

An electromyographic device was used to investigate the relationship between a linguistic hypothesis of tense-lax distinction and muscular activity. Muscle action potentials of the orbicularis oris muscle and the depressor anguli oris muscle were obtained from four subjects using CVCVCV and CVCVC words in English and VCV and CVC words in Korean. Findings: The hypothesis that the speaker may select at least one of muscles involved in the articulation of a phoneme so that the selected muscle could be activated for tense-lax distinction, and either a timing variable or an amplitude variablethe and/or both from the selected muscle distinguish(es) /p/ from /b/ in English and /$p^{h},\;p^{l}$/ from /p/ in Korean, with the English /p/ and the Korean /$p^{h},\;p^{l}$/ being tense, and the Korean unaspirated /p/ and the English /b/ lax, has been verified, except for the case with subject 2 in stressed syllables in English. (2) Thus, the linguistic hypothesis of tense-lax distinction was strongly supported by the muscular activities during the Korean bilabial stops, with /$p^{h}\;and\;p^{l}$/ being tense and /p/ lax. (3) Considering the intermuscle compensation and the interspeaker variabilities in the choice of a muscle or muscles, in English the usability of the feature 'tensity' appeared to be positive rather than negative although further investigations with more subjects remain to take on the muscles associated with the onset/offset of the labial closure, including the respiratory muscles related with the aspiration. The phoneme-sensitive EMG manifestations of stress and possible reasons for the interspeaker variabilities are discussed.